Barry Poling REGENESIS

Central Region Manager

INTEGRATED SITE REMEDIATION

MSECA Risk Assessment & Remediation Seminar

October 29th, 2012

• Integrated Site Remediation

– Definition

– Fundamentals

• Remedial Strategies

– Key Considerations

– Site Examples

• Lessons Learned

Outline

• Definition: A collaborative, interdisciplinary approach

that focuses on:

– Site Investigation

– Remedial Investigation

– Evaluation of source zones

– Development of remediation approaches to achieve site

closure

What do I mean by Integrated Site Remediation?

• Ineffective Integrated Approaches

“One Size Fits All” – Tech Silos

Effective Remedial Strategies

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Biological Physical Chemical

© Copyright Regenesis 2008

Concentration

Effic

iency

High

High

Combine Technologies for Efficient Treatment

• Each remedial technology has its strengths and

weaknesses

Technology integration overcomes the weak points of one technology with the strong points of another

The Power of Integration

10

Conceptual Site Model

Vapor Intrusion

Dissolved Phase Plume

Source Area

SOURCE AREA

TREATMENT APPROACHES

• Excavation

• Enhanced Desorption

• Chemical Oxidation

• Soil mixing

• Injection

Excavation Application

• Significant Contaminant

Removal

• Excellent Distribution of

oxygen

• Slow Release O2

achieves long-term

treatment of residual soil

and groundwater

Excavation Applications

• Treat residual sorbed mass in sidewalls and base

• Provide additional aquifer treatment

• Protect clean backfill

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Enhanced Desorption of Smear Zone

SCENARIOS

• Underperforming P&T

System

• High Concentration

Soil Impacts

– Potential Free Product

SOURCE AREA

RegenOx® PetroCleanze™

RegenOx PetroCleanze is a custom formulation of the

widely-used RegenOx in situ chemical oxidation technology.

• Designed to increase desorption

rates of hydrocarbons bound to

saturated soil

• Increased recovery rates for

enhanced recovery systems

• More soluble contaminants = better

ISCO results

SORBED HYDROCARBONS

16

• De-sorbing mass allows for physical recovery

‐ More efficient compared to chemical oxidation or

bioremediation

‐ Increase GW

concentrations

‐ Mobilize NAPL

17

Treating Residual

Sorbed Mass

‐ Excellent for treating

smear-zones, source

zones

Inject with direct-push

rigs or wells

Rapidly recover

hydrocarbon with wells

or vacuum trucks

Treating Source areas

ENHANCING EXISITING SYSTEMS

Technology Validation

19

Field Demonstration

Injection/Extraction Application

Prototype formula

3 Cycles

Extraction water

Cleaner water with each cycle

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Event 1 Event 2 Event 3

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

• Horizontal and Vertical Delineation

• Effective physical removal

• Potential mobilization of sorbed phase mass (NAPL)

• Transition to Bio

– No residual BOD

SOURCE AREA

TREATMENT APPROACH

• Chemical Oxidation

• Soil mixing

• Injection

CHARACTERISTICS OF ISCO

22

• Effective source treatment technology

• Suitable for high contaminant concentrations (< NAPL)

• Reactions occur in days to weeks

• Rebound of GW concentrations is common

• Multiple applications required in most cases

In-Situ Soil Mixing

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Ex-Situ Soil Mixing

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KEY CONSIDERATIONS

• Multiple Soil Samples

• Soil Type

– Mixing Approach

• Treatment Cells

• Understand Total Oxidant Demand

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Co

ncen

trati

on

(u

g/L

)

Months

Contaminant Reduction

High

Low

ISCO INJECTION

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Chemical Oxidant Injections

An Integrated Approach

• Direct Push Injection

• Sequential RegenOx

Injections followed by

an ORC-Advanced

Injection

Clanton, AL – RegenOx™/ORC-A Application

PETROLEUM SITE

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

• Health and Safety Concerns

• Compatibility with Underground Utilities

• Aquifer Acceptance of Fluid

• Transition to Bio

– Detrimental residual compounds

– Microbial Impact

DISSOLVED PLUME

1. Grid Based Treatment

2. Downgradient Barrier

Enhanced

Aerobic

Bioremediation

Benzene Degradation in Groundwater

Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates (Howard et al. 1991)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

months

Co

nc

en

tra

tio

n (

µg

/l)

Aerobic half-life = 10 days

Anaerobic half-life = 24 months

72 X faster

PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS

Degradation Rates

Why Add Oxygen?

• Natural Attenuation is slow

– Degradation rates are slow under anaerobic conditions

– Contaminant desorption is slow

• Most petroleum hydrocarbon plumes are deficient

of oxygen

– Sulfate reducing or Methanogenesis

• Oxygen is the most efficient electron acceptor

– Compared to other e-acceptors, bio rates can be 10-

1000x faster with slow release oxygen

Technical Specification for ORC Advanced ®

Chemical Composition

– Controlled release mechanism

– longevity

Active Oxygen Content

Proven Results

All oxygen compounds are not created equal.

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

• Many parameters should be evaluated during the

design phase of any aerobic bioremediation project

– Treatment Zone Delineation

• Vertical

• Horizontal

– Contaminant mass

• Sorbed

• Dissolved

– Geochemistry

• Additional oxygen sinks

Major Retail Petroleum Company

• ORC ® or ORC Advanced ® used on 30 Indiana service

stations from 1998-2008

• Remedial Approach

– Evaluate geochemistry

– Determine soil impacts

– Source removal via excavation (if needed)

– ORC applied via excavation or direct

push injection

• Soil matrix ranged from clay to sand

• Total BTEX concentrations range: <0.010ppm-42ppm

“Surgical Site Closure – Integrating Natural Attenuation and Focused Source Treatment”,

Sittler, Battelle, 2002; Author Update 2008, In Press.

Major Retail Petroleum Company

• 30 Sites (1998 – 2008)

• 30 of 30 (100%) rec’d NFA (last one 4/08)

• Average time to closure: 3 years

• Average cost to closure: $70,000

“Surgical Site Closure – Integrating Natural Attenuation and Focused Source Treatment”,

Sittler, Battelle, 2002; Author Update 2008, In Press.

DISSOLVED PLUME

1. Grid Based Treatment

2. Downgradient Barrier

Enhanced

Anaerobic

Bioremediation

(ERD)

Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination of PCE

Application of electron donor

to promote process

Factors for Success:

1) Donor

2) Distribution

3) Duration (Longevity)

CHLORINATED SOLVENTS

39

Electron Donor Comparison

Electron Donor Substrate Longevity Distribution

Corn syrup, molasses,

lactate

Low High

HRC® High Medium

Emulsified Veg. Oil High Low

3-D Microemulsion® High High

•Maximum longevity and distribution equals less frequent

applications, less injection points and less dilution water.

*Significantly lower total project costs

KEY CONSIDERATIONS

• Soluble substrates work just not very long..

– Consider permanent injection wells

– Multiple injections required

– Monitor Methane closely

• Emulsified Oils don’t distribute well

– Require pore volume displacement

– More water

– Higher injection costs

– Consider total project costs

Field Results

DISTRIBUTION

• TOC increase at 6 and

10 months post

injection

LONGEVITY

Parent to Daughter

conversion observed

• Sustained ethene

concentrations at 6 and

10 month post injection Days since injection

Field Results: Longevity

• Rapid parent (PCE) to

Daughter (TCE & DCE)

Conversion

• CVOC’s and Sulfate

Concentrations

remaining stable 2

years post injection

Distribution + Longevity

Patriot Engineering 2011

INTEGRATED SITE REMEDIATION IN INDIANA

REGENESIS SITES IN INDIANA

ISCO & Bio Source Reduction +Bio*

Excavation + Bio Bio + augmentation Mechanical + ISCO ISCO only

12%

47%

16%

0% 2%

23%

Indiana Sites: Petroleum

REGENESIS SITES IN INDIANA

ISCO & Bio Source Reduction +Bio*

Excavation + Bio Bio + augmentation Mechanical + ISCO ISCO only

9%

45%

0%

45%

0% 0%

Chlorinated Solvents Sites

CONCLUSIONS

LESSONS LEARNED

1. Well Defined Conceptual Site Model is Key

2. Comprehensive Understanding of Site

Conditions

– Contaminant mass (Soil & GW)

– Geochemisty

3. Clearly Defined Goals

4. Flexibility

5. Experienced Applicators

ONSITE APPLICATION

• Right Equipment For The Job.

– Pumps

– Flow meters

– Pressure gauges

• Real time data collection

– DO, ORP, pH

– Radius of Influence

• Decision Maker Onsite During Injection Activities

TURN-KEY REMEDIATION SOLUTIONS

49 REMEDIATION SERVICES

APPLICATION

50 REMEDIATION SERVICES

oReagent Distribution Diagnostics Monitoring

oEvaluate and Modify Injection Plans to Optimize Reagent Distribution based on Actual Site Conditions

Reagent application rates

Injection pressures with depth

Flow rates

Log field observation

Real-time GW monitoring

DO, pH

Conductivity

ISCR

51

Chemical Oxidation

VI-Existing Aerobic Bio VI-New Const.

Enhanced Desorption

Anaerobic Bio

Aerobic Bio

52

Barry Poling, Central Region Manager

bpoling@regenesis.com

812-923-7999

THANK YOU

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