integrated solid waste management. factors that contribute to the solid waste problem
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INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Factors That Contribute To the Solid Factors That Contribute To the Solid Waste ProblemWaste Problem
Rapid UrbanizationRapid Urbanization
• Urban development
• New township development
• Development of housing estate
• Industrial
Changing LifestyleChanging Lifestyle
• Standard of living
• Buying power
Consumption PatternsConsumption Patterns
• Eating habits
• Buying power
Public IndifferencePublic Indifference
• People don’t care
• People believe that it’s government sole responsibility
• Propensity of the people to generate waste and just throw it anywhere
• Lack of appreciation of the importance of waste avoidance/reduction, segregation and composting
• Inefficient collection of garbage
• Non-Operation of a good disposal facility
Inadequate Government PolicyInadequate Government Policy
• Leak of enforcement
• No uniformity in regulations/ procedures
• Different methodology used
• No comprehensive laws and regulations
• Leak of Disposal area
Spiralling Population Growth RateSpiralling Population Growth Rate
• Population Growth rate
• Internal migration of population
• External migration of population
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Definition
The discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid
waste in manner that is accordance with the best principles of public health, economic, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and
environmental consideration.
ELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The activities associated with the management of solid waste from the point of generation to final disposal has been group into five elements.
GenerationStorageCollection, Transportation and Transfer Treatment Disposal
WHAT IS INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ?
DefinitionDefinition
The selection and application of
suitable techniques, technologies
and management programs to
achieve specific waste
management objective and goals
Hierarchy of ISWMHierarchy of ISWM
Source Reduction
Recycle
Waste Transformation
Landfilling
Monitoring and Evaluation
Hierarchy of ISWMHierarchy of ISWM
Source Reduction
highest rank of the ISWM
most effective way to reduce the quantity waste, costs & env. Impacts.
Involve reducing the amount and/or toxicity of the waste
May occur through the design, manufacture, packaging of products
Cont’Cont’
minimum toxic content,
Minimum volume of material
Longer useful life
May also occur at the household, commercial, industrial facility.
Selective buying patterns & reuse of product & material.
Cont’Cont’
Recycle
Second highest rank
Important factor in reducing the demand or resources & the amount of waste requiring disposal by landfill.
Involved
separation and collection of waste materials
Preparation of the material for Reuse, Reprocessing, remanufacture
Reuse, reprocessing and remanufacture of these materials
Cont’Cont’
Waste Transformation
Involved the physical, chemical or biological alteration
Improve the efficiency of SWM operation & systems
To recover reusable & recyclable materials
To recover conversion products & energy
Heat & biogas
Reduce use of landfill capacity
Cont’Cont’
Landfilling
For solid waste that cannot be recycle & no future use
Residual matter remaining after separation
Residual matter remaining after recovery of combustion products / energy
Involves the controlled disposal of waste
WHAT IS WASTE?
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
Definition 1
Defined as wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and
unwanted
Definition 2
By products of human activities. Physically it contains the same materials as are found in
useful products
Con’t…Con’t…
Definition 3
Refuse is define as putrescrible and non-putrescrible solid wastes including
garbage, ashes, rubbish, street cleanings, dead animal and industrial
wastes
Con’t…Con’t…
Definition 4
Garbage is the putrescrible animal or vegetable waste generated from the
handling, preparation, consumption of food and is organic in nature
Con’t…Con’t…
Definition 5
Ash is the residue i.e. the waste product of fuel used for industrial purposes. It is incombustible part of the fuel and is
usually used for the landfilling or as a constituent in cement making.
Con’t…Con’t…
Definition 6
Rubbish is combustible and non-combustible part of refuse like paper,
rags, wood, and glass
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTECLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE
Five main categories of solid waste :
Municipal Solid Waste
Agriculture waste
Industrial waste
Hazardous waste
Medical waste
JENIS SISA PEPEJAL TERKAWALJENIS SISA PEPEJAL TERKAWAL
• Sisa Pepejal Awam.
• Sisa Pepejal Import.
• Sisa Pepejal Isi Rumah.
• Sisa Pepejal Keinstitusian.
• Sisa Pepejal Komersial. Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan.
• Sisa Pepejal Perindustrian.
Municipal Solid WastMunicipal Solid Wastee
mainly the household waste include commercial waste and institutional waste.
it composition depends on factors such as living standard, geographical location, type of housing and seasons.
Agriculture wasteAgriculture waste
Wastes and residues resulting from diverse agricultural activities include plant residue and animal waste.
food processing waste is consider as agriculture waste
Some are considered as hazardous waste
Industrial wasteIndustrial waste
comprises waste from industrial
processes
E.g construction, fabrication,
manufacturing, refineries, chemical
plants
Some of these could also include hazardous waste
Hazardous wasteHazardous waste
Wastes or combination of wastes that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human.
special group of wastes define by certain criteria containing substances causing hazard.
Sometimes hospital waste is also classified as hazardous waste
Con’t…Con’t…
the hazard effect could be due to any or all of following:
ignitability corrosivity reactivity toxicity infectivity
Medical WasteMedical Waste
Hospital waste includes hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
hazardous waste - clinical waste
Non-hazardous -
Clinical wastes are any waste consist human tissue, blood or other body fluids, excretion include infectious waste.
Urban wasteUrban waste
In the form of solid, semi-solid, liquid and gases
Could organic and anorganic
could divide into six types
Type of urban wasteType of urban waste
household wastes
city wastes
commercial wastes
industrial wastes
liquid waste
gaseous wastes
Household wastesHousehold wastes
consist of wastes generated in the preparation of food
mainly garbage, fuel, residue, house sweeping, household discard, garden wastes and animal dung.
City wastesCity wastes
derived from street cleaning, park, school.
consist mainly paper, dry leaves, animal dung, etc.
commercial wastes commercial wastes
from office, shops and markets, restaurants, hotel
include high proportion of paper, cardboard, wood, food waste ,glass and plastic.
Hospital waste some time include in commercial wastes.
Industrial wastesIndustrial wastes
from the manufacturing and the processing industries, construction .
proposition of wastes depending on the type of industry.
include metal ores, wood, lime, tiles, food waste, special waste and hazardous wastes.
Liquid wasteLiquid waste
include mainly domestic sewage and factory effluents.
could be organic and inorganic liquid.
e.g.Agro wastes chemical factory
gaseous wastesgaseous wastes
could be from exhaust fume of factories, incinerator and chimney discharges.
Sources of solid wastesSources of solid wastes
domestic or residential
municipal services
commercial
Institutional
construction and demolition
treatment plant site
industrial
agricultural
Domestic or residentialDomestic or residential
Facilities, activities /location Type of solid wasteSource
Residential Single family & multifamily detached dwelling,
Low, medium & high-rise apartment, etc.
Food waste, paper, cardboard, plastics, textile, leather, yard waste, wood, glass, tin, cans, aluminum, other metal, ash, street leaves, special waste, household hazardous waste.
Special waste:
Bulky items, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes collected separately, batteries, oil and tires.
Type of Solid Waste
CommercialCommercial
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Commercial Stores, restaurants, markets, hotel, motel, print shop, service station, auto repair shop.
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.
InstitutionalInstitutional
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Institutional Schools, hospitals, prisons, governmental centers.
Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food waste, glass, metal, special waste, hazardous waste, ets.
Construction and DemolitionConstruction and Demolition
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Construction and demolition
New construction sites, road repair/renovation sites, razing or building, broken pavement.
Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.
Municipal ServicesMunicipal Services
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Municipal service
(Excluding treatment facilities)
Street cleaning, landscaping, catch basin cleaning parks and beaches, other recreational areas.
Special waste, rubbish, street sweepings, landscape and tree trimmings, catch basin debris, general waste from parks, beaches and recreational areas.
Treatment plant sitesTreatment plant sites
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Treatment plant sites;
Municipal incinerators
Water, waster water and industrial treatment processes, etc.
Treatment plant wastes, principally composed of residual sludges.
Municipal Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Municipal solid waste
All as above All as above
IndustrialIndustrial
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Industrial Construction, fabrication, ligh & heavy manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants, power plants, demolition, etc.
Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, etc.
Non-industrial wastes including food wastes, rubbish, ashes, demolition & construction wastes, special wastes, hazardous waste.
AgriculturalAgricultural
Facilities, activities /location
Type of solid wasteSource
Agricultural Field and row crops, orchards, vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farm, etc.
Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, rubbish, hazardous wastes.
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