integrating diversity into clinical psychology
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Integrating Diversity into Clinical Psychology. Neha K. Dixit, M.S. Doctoral Candidate Dept. of Clinical & Health Psychology. The Effective Psychologist. The most important instrument you have is YOU - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Integrating Diversity into Clinical Psychology
Neha K. Dixit, M.S.Doctoral Candidate
Dept. of Clinical & Health Psychology
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The Effective Psychologist
The most important instrument you have is YOU Your living example, of who you are and how you
struggle to live up to your potential, is powerful Be authentic
The stereotyped, professional role can be shed If you hide behind your role the client will also hide
Be a therapeutic person and be clear about who you are Be willing to grow, to risk, to care, and to be involved
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Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors
Have an identity Respect & appreciate themselves Able to recognize & accept own power Open to change Make choices which affect their lives Feel alive & make life-oriented choices Authentic, sincere & honest Have a sense of humor Make mistakes & admit them Appreciate the influence of culture Sincere interest in welfare of others Maintain healthy boundaries
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The Counselor’s Values
Be aware of how your values influence your interventions
Recognize that you are not value-neutral Your job is to assist clients in finding answers
that are most congruent with their own values Find ways to manage value conflicts between
you and your clients Begin therapy by exploring the client’s goals
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Multicultural Counseling Become aware of your biases and values Attempt to understand the world from your
client’s vantage point Gain a knowledge of the dynamics of
oppression, racism, discrimination, and stereotyping
Study the historical background, traditions, and values of your client
Be open to learning from your client
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Issues Faced by Beginning Therapists
Achieving a sense of balance and well-being
Managing difficult and unsatisfying relationships with clients
Struggling with commitment and personal growth
Developing healthy, helping relationships with clients
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If the world were a village of 100 people, there would be…
57 Asians21 Europeans
14 from the Western Hemisphere (north and south)8 Africans
52 would be female 48 would be male70 would be non-white, 30 white
70 would be non-Christian, 30 would be Christian89 would be heterosexual, 11 homosexual
59% of the entire world's wealth would be in thehands of only 6 people and all 6 would be citizens
of the United States80 would live in substandard housing
70 would be unable to read50 would suffer from malnutrition
1 would be near death, 1 would be near birthOnly 1 would have a college education
1 would own a computer
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What influences your clinical skills/counseling?
1) Your positionality (perspectives resulting from an intersection of multiple social identities)
2) Your experiences as a function of dynamics created by and resulting from membership in multiple social groups
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Complexity of Multiculturalism
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Multicultural Issues
Biases are reflected when we: Neglect social and community factors to focus
unduly on individualism Assess clients with instruments that have not
been normed on the population they represent
Judge as psychopathological ~ behaviors, beliefs, or experiences that are normal for the client’s culture
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Values and the Helping Relationship Value conflicts:
To refer or not to refer Referrals appropriate when moral, religious, or
political values are centrally involved in a client’s presenting problems and when:
therapist’s boundaries of competence have been reached
therapist has extreme discomfort with a client’s values therapist is unable to maintain objectivity therapist has grave concerns about imposing his or her
values on the client
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Role of Spiritual and Religious Values in Counseling Spirituality refers to:
general sensitivity to moral, ethical, humanitarian, and existential issues without reference to any particular religious doctrine
Religion refers to: the way people express their devotion to a deity or an
ultimate reality Key issues:
Can the counselor understand the religious beliefs of the client?
Can the counselor work within the framework of the client?
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Knowledge of Client Cultures
Differing Worldviews Views about family Cooperation vs. Competition Time Orientation Communication Styles Locus of Control
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Knowledge of Client Cultures
Beliefs about psychological problems and therapy Sources of problems
Internal vs. External Expectations about how therapy works
Counselor’s role Client’s role
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Area Euro American African American
Hispanic American
AsianAmerican
NativeAmerican
Human Nature Mixed Mixed Good Good GoodPerson and Nature
Mastery Subjugation Subjugation Harmony Harmony
Time Future Present Past-Present Past-Present PresentActivity Level Doing Being Being-in-
BecomingBeing-in-Becoming
Being-in-Becoming
Social Relations
Individual Collateral Collateral Lineal Collateral
Handling Time Time is not flexible Time is defined by the rhythm of social relationships
Time is relaxed
Time is a reflection of the eternal
Time is flexible
Aging Respect youth Respect Elders Respect Elders
Respect Elders
Respect Elders
Belief System Rational/empirical belief orientation
Rational/spiritual belief orientation
Rational/spiritual belief orientation
Rational/spiritual belief orientation
Spiritual/magic belief orientation
Group Relations
Competition Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation
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Clinician Attitudes Overt racist
overtly hostile, homophobic, racist, ageist, sexist, judgmental (should stay out of the field)
Covert prejudice tries to hide negative, stereotyped opinions but client
picks up cues Culturally ignorant
lack of knowledge based on homogeneous background (need to learn about other cultures before working with them)
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Clinician Attitudes Cont…
Color blind denies differences: "I don’t recognize
differences; I treat everyone the same." Culturally liberated
recognize, appreciate, and celebrate cultural differences; strives for freedom from judgments of diverse clients
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Assumption
Cultural diversity is a fact of life and efforts to build a common culture inevitably privilege the dominant culture
(Ortiz & Rhoads, 2000)