Integrating gender-related questions in Mongolia’s Livestock census to assess women’s herders’ needs

AMARBAL AvirmedDirector,

Population and Social Statistics Department,

National Statistics Office of Mongolia

Bangkok, Thailand

03/09/19

• Land area: 1,564,116 km2

• Mongolia is the 18th-largest and the mostsparsely populated sovereign state in the world. Itis also the world's second-largest landlockedcountry and the largest landlocked country thatdoes not border a closed sea.

• Capital: Ulaanbaatar

• Ulaanbaatar also shares the rank of the world'scoldest capital city with Moscow, Ottawa,and Nur-Sultan.

• Official language: Mongolian

• GDP: $43,174 billion

MONGOLIA

• Population: 3,238,479• 3.7 percent of the total population are under

35 years of age. Specifically, 30.9 percentor 1,002,052 of the total population arechildren aged 0-14 years, 62.4 percent or2,020,696 people aged 15-59 and 6.7 percentor 215,731 are seniors aged 60 and older.

CONTENT

- Legal framework

- Methodology and classification

- Statistics data of agriculture sector

- Agricultural software

- Integrating gender-related questions in Mongolia’s Livestock census

- Data dissemination

1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Mongolian law on Statistics

- Livestock and domestic animal census

- Fence, well and fodder census

- Agriculture census

- Indicators of official statistics, estimation

National Program on Developing Official Statistics

Next

2021

1966 2019

2. METHODOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION

Current methodology used in Agriculture sector

- Methodologies to estimate statistics indicators of Agriculture sector

- Methodologies to estimate the indicators of Food security and supply

- Methodologies to estimate GDP and GNI

- Principles and guidelines of Agriculture census and Livestock census

Current classification used in Agriculture sector

- International standard industrial classification for all economic activities Rev.4.0

- The Central Product Classification (CPC-2.0)

- Administrative unit code

3. STATISTICS DATA OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR

AGRICULTURE STATISTICS

Official statistics

Livestock Census

Monthly Report

Others

Administration statistics

Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light

industryOthers

4. FREQUENCY OF AGRICULTURE STATISTICS

Censuses Frequency Indicators

I. Agriculture censusEvery 10

year752

by-census Every 5 year 209

2. Livestock and domestic animal

censusAnnual 31

Half-year livestock census Annual

3. Fence, well and fodder census Every 3 year

5. ABOUT LIVESTOCK CENSUS

• Frame:

✓ all aimags, capital, soums and district (at national level)

✓ with livestock:• Household /household with livestock, herder household/

• Enterprises and organization

• Census frequency:

✓ at the end of the year, once

• Duration:

✓ 10 days, during 7-17 December• Corresponds with production year of livestock

• Herders settles in their residence

• Livestock income and expenditure flows are stagnated

LIVESTOCK CENSUS – ABOUT AGRICULTURAL SOFTWARE

Since 2015

• Offline

• Only soum and district level

• Separate database• Online

• Soum, district, bag, khoroo,

household and enterprise level

• Integreted database• Using Microsoft Reporting

Service

Since 2014

Before 2014

LIVESTOCK CENSUS –ABOUT AGRICULTURAL SOFTWARE

Provincesmonitor

Bag

Data entry

Livestock census database

6 groups, 4 levels of about 100 reports

Internet Treasury Network

Internet

Herders banking services

Mongolian banksMOFAGRA

Maximum animals/ 5 types /

provinces, sub-provinces, bag

Internet Treasury Network

45.2 сая40.9 сая

20132012

52.0сая

2014 2018

56.0 сая

Livestock census online system

Integrating gender-related questions in Mongolia’s Livestock census

Form МТ 1

LIVESTOCK AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS, FENCES, WELLS 20. . . CENSUS

1. Aimag city name Code 4. Phone number

2. Soum, district name Code

3. Bag, khoroo name Code

1. Household Information 2. Information of enterprises

a.Main household information 16. Organization of enterprises name

5. .Household Registration number

6. Surname of Head of the household 17. Regitration number

7. Name of Head of the household 18. Activities of sector

8. Head of the household registration number

19. Herder number

9. Famile number 20. Enterprises type 21. Ownership type

10. Household type Herder household 1 → 11-р асуулга Хувь Код

Household with livestock 2 → III бүлэг

Other household 3 → VI бүлэг

11. Herder number Өрхийн орлогын талаар асуулт оруулах / Add question on household income

б. Information on households with livestock herded by other household*

12. Other animals on the household number

13. Surname of Head of the household 30

14. Name of Head of the household

15. Head of the household registration number 70

Other 80

11

........%

Lo

cal S

tate

overseas ........% 32

30

joint ventures ........% 31

12

13

21

joint ventures

Cooperative

22

overseas ........% 23

Priva

te

21

41

Non-government organizations

owned

joint ventures

overseas

ownedEnterprise with state owned

property

Нэр Код

20

40

11

Shareholding company

Нэр

60

10

Data confidentiality is protected by Mongolian Law on

Statistics and Law on Individual confidentiality.

household with

livestock is

numbered from 1

in herder

households Enterprise with local authority owned property

Public

Approved by № A/185 Order of National

Statistical Office in 23 November 2017

I. Address

For household with livestock herded by other household, other households registration

number must be provided.

Limited lability company

Partnership with all liability

members

........%

Sta

te

owned

........%

Partnership with some liability

members

II. Herder information

№ Surname Name Sex Id number

Male 1

Female2 Main

Assistant

А 1 2

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Total

number of

children

living in

the

household

Ethnicity

(could be

proxied

by

language

spoken at

birth)

Age of

children

living in

the

household

Disability

status

(use one

of 5

categorie

s - WG

questions

)

Age at

first

marriage

ONLY FOR

HOUSEHOLD

MEMBERS AGED

15 AND ABOVE

Use codes

below

Herders'

Occupat

ion

3

Age

Marital

status

4 5 6 7

Pilot Survey

Form МТ 1

LIVESTOCK AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS, FENCES, WELLS 20. . . CENSUS

1. Aimag city name Code 4. Phone number

2. Soum, district name Code

3. Bag, khoroo name Code

1. Household Information 2. Information of enterprises

a.Main household information 16. Organization of enterprises name

5. .Household Registration number

6. Surname of Head of the household 17. Regitration number

7. Name of Head of the household 18. Activities of sector

8. Head of the household registration number

19. Herder number

9. Famile number 20. Enterprises type 21. Ownership type

10. Household type Herder household 1 → 11-р асуулга Хувь Код

Household with livestock 2 → III бүлэг

Other household 3 → VI бүлэг

11. Herder number Өрхийн орлогын талаар асуулт оруулах / Add question on household income

б. Information on households with livestock herded by other household*

12. Other animals on the household number

13. Surname of Head of the household 30

14. Name of Head of the household

15. Head of the household registration number 70

Other 80

11

........%

Lo

cal S

tate

overseas ........% 32

30

joint ventures ........% 31

12

13

21

joint ventures

Cooperative

22

overseas ........% 23

Priva

te

21

41

Non-government organizations

owned

joint ventures

overseas

ownedEnterprise with state owned

property

Нэр Код

20

40

11

Shareholding company

Нэр

60

10

Data confidentiality is protected by Mongolian Law on

Statistics and Law on Individual confidentiality.

household with

livestock is

numbered from 1

in herder

households Enterprise with local authority owned property

Public

Approved by № A/185 Order of National

Statistical Office in 23 November 2017

I. Address

For household with livestock herded by other household, other households registration

number must be provided.

Limited lability company

Partnership with all liability

members

........%

Sta

te

owned

........%

Partnership with some liability

members

Education level?Age at first

delivery

Use of mobile phone

Use of internet

Having loan or

not?

Total number of

animals owned by

person

Land ownership

under person's

name

House/ger ownership

under person's

name

Car/other mean of

transportation owned by

person (name on property

title)

Average daily time

spent taking care of

children this month

Average daily time

spent taking care of gerthis month

(e.g. cleaning, repairs)

Average daily time spent on

agricultural activities

this month

Average daily time

spent taking care of

animals this month

(including taking them

out and back in,

attending births, giving water,

milking, cleaning, combing, shaving,

giving food, other)

Average daily time spent on animal milking

Average daily time spent on

preparation of animal products

this month (including processing

of dairy products)

Are you in charge of

processing animal

products, including

dairy (yes, alone / yes,

with husband / yes, with children/ yes, with husband

and children/

no, husband alone / no,

children alone/ no, someone

else)

Yes 1 Yes 1 Yes 1

No 2 No 2 No 2

(name appears on

title)

Use codes below

yes/no yes/no

yes/no

8 9 10 11

P24 P25P19 P20 P21 P22 P23P17 P18

Average

daily

number of

hours

spent on

paid

employme

nt

(besides

herding),

including

own

account

business

Usually in

charge of

making

decisions

regarding

children's

participati

on in

herding

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Usually in

charge of

making

decisions

regarding

own

healthcare

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Usually in

charge of

making

decisions

regarding

large

purchases

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Usually in

charge of

making

decisions

regarding

daily

household

expenditur

es (yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Has

another

job/source

of income

besides

herding-

related?

(yes/no)

Average

daily time

spent on

fodder/fire

wood/spic

e

collection

Do you

usually

perform

any of

these

activities

simultaneo

usly? If

yes, select

which

ones

(Taking

animals

in/out,

milking,

shaving,

processing

animal

products,

cleaning

animals

and

stables,

caring for

children,

cooking,

collecting

water,

collecting

fodder or

wood)

Usually in

charge of

making

decisions

regarding

hearding

managem

ent,

including

managing

size and

species of

herd,

rotation

and

removals,

herding

times and

locations

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Usually in

charge of

making

decisions

regarding

purchases

and sales

of animals

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Usually in

charge of

making

decisions

regarding

animal's

health and

veterinary

visits (yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Average

daily time

spent on

animal

product

sales

Are you

usually in

charge of

animal

product

sales?

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Are you

usally in

charge of

administeri

ng money

from

animal

product

sales?

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

no,

husband

alone /

no,

someone

else)

Usually in

charge of

collecting

water

(yes,

alone /

yes, with

husband /

yes, with

children/

no,

husband

alone /

no,

daughter

alone/ no,

son alone

/ no,

someone

else)

Average

daily time

spent on

water

collection

this month

Average

daily time

spent on

animal

shelter

care

(including

constructio

n, repair,

cleaning)

13

Member of

cooperatives,

partnerships,

groups and groups

Social

insurance and

health

insurance

coverage

He

alth

in

su

ran

ce

(Ye

s 1

, N

o 2

)

So

cia

l in

su

ran

ce

(Y

es 1

, N

o 2

)

Co

op

era

tive

s (

Ye

s 1

, N

o 2

)

Pa

rtn

ers

hip

s (

Ye

s 1

, N

o 2

)

Gro

up

s (

Ye

s 1

, N

o 2

)

Oth

ers

(Y

es 1

, N

o 2

)

12

1 Ethnicity (could be proxied by language spoken at birth)

Household

Database

2 Total number of children living in the household

3 Age of children living in the household

4 Disability status (use one of 5 categories - WG questions)

5 Age at first marriageMICS/SISS

6 Age at first delivery

7 Total number of animals owned by person

Ownership8 Land ownership under person's name

9 House/ger ownership under person's name

10 Car/other mean of transportation owned by person (name on property title)

HOUSEHOLD

DATABASE

11 Average daily time spent taking care of children this month

Time-Use Survey

12 Average daily time spent taking care of ger this month (e.g. cleaning, repairs)

13 Average daily time spent on agricultural activities this month

14Average daily time spent taking care of animals this month (including taking them out and back

in, attending births, giving water, milking, cleaning, combing, shaving, giving food, other)

15 Average daily time spent on animal milking

16Average daily time spent on preparation of animal products this month (including processing of

dairy products)

17

Are you in charge of processing animal products, including dairy (yes, alone / yes, with husband

/ yes, with children/ yes, with husband and children/ no, husband alone / no, children alone/ no,

someone else)

LFS

18 Average daily time spent on animal shelter care (including construction, repair, cleaning)Time-Use Survey

19 Average daily time spent on animal product sales

20Are you usually in charge of animal product sales? (yes, alone / yes, with husband / no,

husband alone / no, someone else)Ownership

21Are you usally in charge of administering money from animal product sales? (yes, alone / yes,

with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

22Usually in charge of collecting water (yes, alone / yes, with husband / yes, with children/ no,

husband alone / no, daughter alone/ no, son alone / no, someone else) Time-Use Survey

MICS23 Average daily time spent on water collection this month

24 Average daily time spent on fodder/firewood/spice collection

25

Do you usually perform any of these activities simultaneously? If yes, select which ones (Taking

animals in/out, milking, shaving, processing animal products, cleaning animals and stables,

caring for children, cooking, collecting water, collecting fodder or wood)

26

Usually in charge of making decisions regarding hearding management, including

managing size and species of herd, rotation and removals, herding times and

locations (yes, alone / yes, with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

Ownership

27Usually in charge of making decisions regarding purchases and sales of animals

(yes, alone / yes, with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

28Usually in charge of making decisions regarding animal's health and veterinary visits

(yes, alone / yes, with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

29Usually in charge of making decisions regarding children's participation in herding

(yes, alone / yes, with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

30Usually in charge of making decisions regarding own healthcare (yes, alone / yes,

with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

31Usually in charge of making decisions regarding large purchases (yes, alone / yes,

with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

32Usually in charge of making decisions regarding daily household expenditures (yes,

alone / yes, with husband / no, husband alone / no, someone else)

33 Has another job/source of income besides herding-related? (yes/no) LFS

HOUSEHOLD

DATABASE

Database of General Authority

for State Registration

Welfare databaseLand Database

• State

Administrative

Bodies

- Research

Organizations

- Other users

- Dissemination

Website, Year

book, CD,

Infographics

STATE INTEGRATED

DATABASE

Health database

ADDRESS DATABASE

Civil

Information

Database

Legal entity

database Property

Information

Database

ID

REGISTRATION

NUMBER

Family name

Surname

Given nameEmployment

Social insurance

database

Education

Health

database

Address

Information

Database

Address

information Health

Household

DatabaseCivil Information

Database

Welfare

Household

point Social

Insurance

HOUSEHOLD

NUMBER

ID REGISTRATION NUMBERHOUSEHOLD NUMBER

CONNECTING DATABASES WITH KEY

INDICATORS

Database

ID

REGISTRATION

NUMBER

Family name

Surname

Given name

Social

InsuranceDatabase

1. Aimag city name Code

2. Soum, district name Code

3. Bag, khoroo name Code

HOUSEHOLD

DATABASELIVESTOCK AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS, FENCES, WELLS 20. . . CENSUS

1. Household Information

a.Main household information

5. .Household Registration number

6. Surname of Head of the household

ID REGISTRATION

NUMBER

Family name

Surname

Given name

II. Herder information

№ Surname Name Sex Id number

Male 1

Female2

А 1 2

01

43

Household Registration number

MICS/SIS

Ownership

Time-Use Survey

Labor Force Survey

Household

Income and

Expenditure

Survey

Every year

Every year

Every five year

Every five year

Next 2021

Pilot Survey – 2019/2020

• Incorporation of household id number into the livestock census enabled further use of the geospatial statistical database.

HOUSEHOLD DATABASE - HD

25

LIVESTOCK CENSUS DISSEMINATION

- You can access to statistical

integrated database

www.1212.mn website and open

data.

- Latest trends in the agricultural

sector especially livestock

production, main raw materials for

manufacturing, amount of exports

and imports, number of herder

households, quality of veterinary

service, number of wells and

water points, size of harvested

yield and cropland are

summarized in Annual report of

Agricultural Sector.

Data dissemination

Data dissemination

98.6 98.5

98.1 98.1

98.5 98.5 98.5 98.5

95.2 95.1

95.4

95.7

94.6

94.394.5

94.8

95.9

96.7 96.7 96.7 96.7

92.0

93.0

94.0

95.0

96.0

97.0

98.0

99.0

0.

200,000.

400,000.

600,000.

800,000.

1,000,000.

1,200,000.

1,400,000.

1,600,000.

1,800,000.

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Male Female Sex ratio

Sex ratio of the population(X males in 100 females)

Labour force

24.6% of all women are working in agriculture, forestry, fishery

and hunting sector.

Source: Labour force survey, 2018

Labour force

SHARE OF HERDER IN AGE GROUPS, 2018, by percentage and sex

9.8

23.5

29.1

21.2

11.2

5.2

11.6

23.9

28.4

20.8

10.7

4.6

7.3

22.9

30.1

21.7

11.9

6.1

15-24

25-34

35-44

45-54

55-64

65 and over

Male herder

Total

Female herder

Monthly average monetary

income per household

Monthly average monetary

expenditure per household

2017 2018 2017 2018

Head of the household, by sex

Male948,543

1,159,5921,006,718

1,229,229

Female693,625

844,924 724,492

873,924

Male FemalePoverty headcount 28.5 28.4

Poverty gap 7.1 7.2

Poverty severity 2.6 2.7

Poverty main indicators, by sex, 2018

Monthly average monetary income and monetary expenditure per household, by sex

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION