integrating ground observation, satellite remote sensing

N Saigusa, A Ito, Y Yamagata Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies,

Tsukuba, Japan

Integrating ground observation, satellite remote sensing & terrestrial ecosystem model for future forest

carbon monitoring systems

Photo: Tower in a larch forest (Fuji Hokuroku site), Central Japan

Contents

1.  Networking ground observations for long-term C-budget monitoring in Asia

2.  Integrating ground observation, remote sensing & terrestrial ecosystem model

3.  Summary: Toward future forest C-monitoring systems

FLUXNET:

http://fluxnet.ornl.gov

Distribution of FLUXNET sites

World-wide network for monitoring CO2, H2O, and energy exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere ( > 500 sites)

1. Networking ground observations for C-budget

(1996~)

Instruments for eddy covariance method

l  No. of registered sites: 83

l  National (regional) networks: ChinaFlux, JapanFlux, KoFlux, TaiwanFlux, ThaiFlux, Malaysia…

Sites in Asia

AsiaFlux: a regional network in FLUXNET (1999~) http://asiaflux.net/ Organization

l  Chair: Kim J (Korea) l  Vise-chairs: Miyata A (Japan), Li SG (China)

AsiaFlux Offices l  NIES, Tsukuba, Japan l  IGSNRR,CAS, Beijing, China l  SNU, Seoul, Korea

Sites in Japan (31) Sites in SE

Asia (18)


● Japan-Korea-China Joint Workshop “Data-Model Synthesis” (Tokyo, Feb. 2011)

●AsiaFlux Short Training Course 2011 (Seoul, Korea, Jul. 2011)

●10th AsiaFlux Workshop “Bridging Ecosystem Science and Stewardship” (Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Nov. 2011)

●AsiaFlux Web, Mailing List ●Newsletter ●Site Information (83 sites) ●Database (24 sites)

●JaLTER (Japan Long-term Ecological Research) Data Registration Workshop ※ Tree census etc.

(Tsukuba，Oct. 2011)

http://asiaflux.net /datapolicy.html

Activity of AsiaFlux Tsukuba Office in 2011

Host: KoFlux Host: JapanFlux

Host: Univ. Technology Malaysia


Host: Tsukuba Office

Capacity building Synthesis

Data sharing

Networking in SE Asia

Information sharing

YPF 2004

-150

0

150

300

450

J F M A M J J A S O N D

NEE

GPP

RE

YLF 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

TUR 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

MBF 2005

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

TKC 2007

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

TKY 2003

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

GDK 2006

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

CBS 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

YCS 2004

-250

0

250

500


NEE

GPP

REHBG 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

QHB 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

MSE 2004

-250

0

250

500


NEE

GPP

RE

PDF 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

SKR 2002

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

MKL 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

BNS 2003

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

SMF 2003

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

QYZ 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

SKT 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

LSH 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

TMK 2003

-200

0

200

400


NEE

GPP

RE

MMF 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

Tropical Forests

Evergreen Conifer

Deciduous Conifer (Larch)

Mixed Evergreen &

Deciduous

Alpine Grassland Crop (Rice)

Crop (Wheat & Maize)

Seasonal patterns of C-budget Total photosynthesis (GPP) Total Respiration (RE) Net CO2 Exchange (NEE) (negative: uptake)

Deciduous Broadleaved

Saigusa et al. submitted to J For. Res.

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-10

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-20 -10 0 10 20 30

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Forest

Grassland

Crop

Annual Air Temperature (oC)


0

10

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30

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50

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

Forest

Grassland

Crop

Average: -1.6 SD: 2.4

Annual C-budget in various ecosystems

Ann

ual G

PP (

tC h

a-1 yr

-1)

Ann

ual R

E ( t

C h

a-1 yr

-1)

Ann

ual N

EE (

tC h

a-1 yr

-1)

C-uptake

C-release

Total Photosynthesis Total Respiration

Net C Exchange


1) GPP & RE: Positive correlation with annual temperature 2) Net C-uptake: High variation in temperate and tropical forests 3) Difference among forests, grass-lands, & croplands: Not significant for net C-uptake

Saigusa et al. submitted to J For. Res.

-30

-20

-10

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0

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Forest

Grassland

Crop



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-20 -10 0 10 20 30

Forest

Grassland

Crop


Drained peat swamp forest


Ann

ual G

PP (

tC h

a-1 yr

-1)

Ann

ual R

E ( t

C h

a-1 yr

-1)

Ann

ual N

EE (

tC h

a-1 yr

-1)

C-uptake

C-release


Net C Exchange


PDF 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

NEE GPP RE

http://asiaflux.net/network/008PDF_1.html

Tropical peat swamp forest drained by canals built in 1990s

-30

-20

-10

0

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-20 -10 0 10 20 30

0

10

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-20 -10 0 10 20 30

Forest

Grassland

Crop



0

10

20

30

40

50

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

Forest

Grassland

Crop


Drained peat swamp forest


Ann

ual G

PP (

tC h

a-1 yr

-1)

Ann

ual R

E ( t

C h

a-1 yr

-1)

Ann

ual N

EE (

tC h

a-1 yr

-1)

C-uptake

C-release


Net C Exchange


PDF 2004

-150

0

150

300

450


NEE

GPP

RE

NEE GPP RE

http://asiaflux.net/network/008PDF_1.html

Tropical peat swamp forest drained by canals built in 1990s

A slight change in C-balance caused

large amount of net C-release.

2. Integrating observations and model

Ito (2008) Agric. Forest Meteorol.; Ito (2010) J Plant Res.

Regional and national scale C-budget estimations based on terrestrial ecosystem model calibrated by AsiaFlux datasets

Vegetation Integrative SImulator for Trace gases (VISIT)

Schematic diagram of basic part of the terrestrial ecosystem model (VISIT)

Comparison between observed (AsiaFlux data) and modeled net C-exchange

Net C-uptake estimated by the ecosystem model

model observation

2. Integrating observations and model Regional and national scale C-budget estimations based on terrestrial ecosystem model calibrated by AsiaFlux datasets

Calculated net C-uptake by the ecosystem model (VISIT) combined with the forest/non-forest distribution data

Yamagata et al. (2010) Earthzine

Temporal change in (a) C-stock and (b) C-flux in a primary rainforest and in an oil palm plantation converted from the primary forest

Adachi et al. (2011) Biogeosciences C-Source Sink

Temporal change in forest/ non-forest cover estimated by optical remote sensing data

Land cover classification map estimated by PALSAR data

Rainforest à Oil palm

Borneo

Contents




Biofuel (sugarcane) Trade-offs?

Urgent need: Evaluation of ecosystem services based on effective indicators and models

United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Convention on Biological Diversity

(CBD)

3. Future forest C monitoring systems Consistent development of climate change mitigation and

biodiversity conservation　– To reduce trade-offs –

Monoculture plantation

High-diversity, Low-productivity

Primary forest

Low-diversity, High-productivity

Contents




integrating ground observation, satellite remote sensing

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