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Cambridge University Press978-1-108-47441-2 — The Internal Market and the Future of European IntegrationEdited by Fabian Amtenbrink , Gareth Davies , Dimitry Kochenov , Justin Lindeboom FrontmatterMore Information

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TH E I N T E RNA L MARK E T AND TH EF U TU R E O F E U RO P E AN

I N T E G R A T I ON

This collection marks the rich legacy of Professor Laurence W. Gormley’sscholarship in the field of EU internal market law, providing a definitivecritical appraisal of all the key aspects of the internal market with anemphasis on goods and judicial protection, Professor Gormley’s expertfields. Forty chapters deal with constitutional aspects of the EU internalmarket, the free movement of goods, persons and services, EMU, publicprocurement and competition law, institutional and proceduraldimensions, and the EU’s external relations, which includes mattersrelating to Brexit. The broad theme of the book, reflecting the manyinterests of Professor Gormley, will appeal to scholars, students andpractising lawyers. Dealing with both classic, foundational aspects of theEU internal market as well as highly topical matters, such as Brexit, thisbook will be a most welcome addition to every engaged legal scholar’slibrary, thereby celebrating the legacy of a mentor and dear friend.

fabian amtenbrink holds the chair of European Union law at ErasmusUniversity Rotterdam. He is also a visiting professor at the College ofEurope, Bruges. He obtained an LLD with distinction from theUniversity of Groningen in 1998, reading under Laurence W. Gormley.He is a fully qualified lawyer in Germany (assessor). His previous publica-tions include The Democratic Accountability of Central Banks – AComparative Study of the European Central Bank (1999), and contributionsto many edited works and journals. He has been a visiting professor at theUniversity of Western Ontario (January Term Professor) and at the FudanUniversity Shanghai (Visiting Professor of European law).

gareth davies is Professor of European Law at the Vrije Universiteit inAmsterdam. He began his career with a brief spell as a barrister inLondon, after which he moved to the Netherlands and wrote his PhDon nationality discrimination in the European internal market under thesupervision of Laurence W. Gormley. He continues to research on con-stitutional and social problems of free movement, and their adjudicationby the Court of Justice. He contributes to Chalmers, Davies and Monti,EU Law.

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dimitry kochenov holds a chair in EU constitutional law and citizen-ship law in Groningen, where he moved from CEU in Budapest to readlaw under the guidance of Laurence W. Gormley. He held numerousvisiting professorships and research fellowships worldwide, including atPrinceton University (LAPA, Woodrow Wilson School), NYU LawSchool (Émile Noël), Basel (Institute of Global Studies), Turin (Scuoladei Studi Superiori) and the College of Europe. Dimitry consults govern-ments, international organisations and institutions on the subjects of hisinterest, focusing on global constitutional law and citizenship. His latestbook is published byMIT Press and is called simplyCitizenship (2019). Heis the founding chairman of the board of the Investment MigrationCouncil (Geneva).

justin lindeboom is Lecturer in European Law at the University ofGroningen. After taking degrees in history and law, he read for a PhDunder the supervision of Laurence W. Gormley. His research focuses onEU constitutional law, philosophy of law, EU and global competitionlaw, and EU internal market law. Justin has held visiting fellowships atthe Max Planck Institute for Comparative Law and International Law;the European University Institute; and University College London. Heis also Fellow at the Centre for Law, Economics and Society atUniversity College London. His recent research has been published inthe Oxford Journal of Legal Studies.




TH E I N T E RNA L MARK E T

AND TH E F U TU R E O F

E U RO P E AN

I N T E G R A T I ON

Essays in Honour of Laurence W. Gormley

Edited by

F A B I A N AMT EN B R I N KErasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, The Netherlands

GA R E TH DAV I E SVrije Universiteit, Amsterdam

D IM I T R Y KOCH ENOVRijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands

J U S T I N L I N D E BOOMRijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands




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First published 2019

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Gormley, Laurence W. (Laurence William), 1953– honouree. | Amtenbrink, Fabian,

editor.Title: The internal market and the future of European integration : essays in honour of LaurenceW. Gormley / edited by Fabian Amtenbrink, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, the Netherlands;Gareth Davies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Dimitry Kochenov Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,

The Netherlands; Justin Lindeboom, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands.Description: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, [2019] |

Includes index.Identifiers: LCCN 2018033890 | ISBN 9781108474412

Subjects: LCSH: Gormley, Laurence W. (Laurence William), 1953– | Trade regulation – EuropeanUnion countries. | European Union countries – Economic integration. | Freedom of movement –European Union countries. | Labor mobility – European Union countries. | European Union –

Great Britain. | Conflict of laws – European Union countries.Classification: LCC KJE6417 .I59 2019 | DDC 382/.9142–dc23

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accurate or appropriate.




Professor Laurence William Gormley




In heaven, Dassonville will be found,and surely a good claret or burgundy too.

L. W. Gormley




CONTENTS

List of Contributors page xivForeword by Sir Alan Dashwood xixCelebrating Our Mentor: a Preface xxiiiTable of Cases xxviiTable of Treaties and Legislation lxxList of Abbreviations xci

Introduction: Steering the Good Ship Lollipop – the Legacyof Laurence W. Gormley 1justin lindeboom, dimitry kochenov, gareth

davies and fabian amtenbrink

PART I Constitutional 13

1 Tough Love in the Internal Market 15gareth davies

2 Direct Horizontal Effect of the Transnational MarketAccess Freedoms of the Internal Market 32peter-christian müller-graff

3 The EU Internal Market and the EU Charter: Exploring the‘Derogation Situation’ 49koen lenaerts and josé

a. guti érrez-fons

4 Constitutional Fluidity and the Problem of Authority in EULaw 65takis tridimas

ix




5 Interpreting the EU Internal Market 81justin lindeboom

PART II Goods 113

6 Surrendering the Right to Regulate 115stephen weatherill

7 A Great Oak from a Little Acorn: a Retrospective Look atDassonville 134roger j . goebel †

8 About that Sunday Trading Mess . . . 150eleanor sharpston

9 What Was Keck Really About? 164david edward

10 Keck Is Dead, Long Live Keck? How the Court of JusticeTries to Avoid a Sunday Trading Saga 2.0 176kai p. purnhagen

11 Drinking Away Our Sorrows? Regulatory Conundrumsafter Scotch Whisky 188eleanor spaventa

12 Third-Country Goods in the EU Internal Market 200robert schütze

PART III Persons 215

13 The Oxymoron of ‘Market Citizenship’ and the Future ofthe Union 217dimitry kochenov

14 Towards a Political Europe? Citizens, Elections and theEuropean Parliament 231jo shaw

x contents




15 The Problem with Market Citizenship and the Beauty ofFree Movement 246martijn van den brink

16 The Internal Market Goes Digital: How Will It Grapplewith the Future of Work? 259jeremias prassl

17 The Freedom to Conduct a Business: a Right of FundamentalImportance for the Future of the European Union 273nils wahl

18 Erasmus: Past, Present and Future 288margot horspool

PART IV Economic and Monetary

Governance 303

19 Independence andAccountability in theNewAgeofEuropeanCentral Banking: Revisiting Gormley and de Haan’s ‘TheDemocratic Deficit of the European Central Bank’ 305fabian amtenbrink

20 Institutional Change in EU Macroeconomic and FiscalGovernance: the Reinforcement of theCommission 322carlos closa

21 EU Competition Policy and the Single MarketImperative 344richard whish

22 United inWhat Diversity? (Un)CommunautaireReasoningin Applying Competition Law to the Public–Private Divideon Two Sides of the Atlantic 350hans h. b. vedder

23 Revisiting the Case against a Separate Concessions Regimein the Light of the Concessions Directive: a SpecificDirective without Specificities? 370sue arrowsmith

contents xi




PART V Institutions and Procedures 397

24 The General Court at a Crossroad 399paul nihoul

25 Access to Justice after Lisbon: Slowly Getting toWhere YouDidn’t Want to Be 409matthijs van wolferen

26 The Role of the EU Court and National Courts inDeveloping the EU’s Internal Market: a Paradigm for OtherRegional Organisations? 427francis g. jacobs

27 Preliminary Rulings and Judicial Politics 439anthony arnull

28 Article 267 TFEU: Celebrating the Jewel in the Crown ofthe Community Legal Architecture and Some HotPotatoes 455jurian langer

29 Missteps by Commissioners: Legal or PoliticalSanctions? 470pieter jan kuijper

PART VI The Future of the Internal

Market 493

30 Updating the EU Internal Market Concept 495ioannis lianos

31 The Integrity of the EU Internal Market: ConnectingPurpose and Context for Brexit – and Beyond 549niamh nic shuibhne

32 Security and Integration in the Context of the InternalMarket 561jukka snell and erkki aalto

xii contents




33 The ‘New’ European Private Law 578hans-w. micklitz

34 Legitimate Protection against Slow-Onset Disasters and theProhibition against Trade-Restricting Measures 590morten broberg

PART VII External Relations 603

35 Internal Differentiation and External Unity 605marise cremona

36 Stranded: ‘German’ Ltds Post-Brexit – the British PrivateCompany Limited by Shares – a European SuccessStory 619stefan enchelmaier

37 Exporting the Internal Market Beyond the EU’s Borders:Between Political Ambition and Legal Reality 637peter van elsuwege

38 The EU’s Competence to Conclude Trade Agreements: theEU–Singapore Opinion 651panos koutrakos

39 The Northern Irish Border after UK Withdrawal from theEU 667michael dougan

40 Reflections on Brexit and Social SecurityEntitlements 684robin c. a. white

Epilogue: Sanctity as a Legal Duty: the Judeo-ChristianTradition and the Dialectic of Difference – an Examinationof Four Dimensions of Jewish Prayer 697j. h. h. weiler

List of Publications by Laurence W. Gormley 716Index 729

contents xiii




CONTRIBUTORS

1 erkki aalto is a senior adviser at the Ministry of Defence, Finland

2 fabian amtenbrink is Professor of European Union Law atErasmus University Rotterdam

3 anthony arnull is Barber Professor of Jurisprudence at theUniversity of Birmingham Law School

4 sue arrowsmith is Achilles Professor of Public ProcurementLaw and Policy at the University of Nottingham

5 martijn van den brink is a postdoctoral researcher at the MaxPlanck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity

6 morten broberg is Professor of International Development Lawat the University of Copenhagen

7 carlos closa is Research Professor, Institute of Public Goods andPolicies at the Spanish National Research Council and FacultyMember at the School of Transnational Governance, EuropeanUniversity Institute

8 marise cremona is Emeritus Professor at the EuropeanUniversity Institute

9 sir alan dashwood is Emeritus Professor of European Law atSidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge

10 gareth davies is Professor of European Law at Vrije Universiteit,Amsterdam

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11 michael dougan is Professor of European Law at the Universityof Liverpool

12 sir david edward is Professor Emeritus at University ofEdinburgh Law School

13 peter van elsuwege is Professor of European Union Law atGhent University

14 stefan enchelmaier is Professor of European and ComparativeLaw at Lincoln College, University of Oxford

15 roger j . goebel † was Alpin J. Cameron Professor of Law atFordham University School of Law

16 josé a. gutiérrez-fons is a référendaire at the Court of Justiceof the European Union

17 margot horspool is Emeritus Professor of European andComparative Law at University of Surrey; and Professorial Fellow atthe British Institute of International and Comparative Law

18 sir francis g. jacobs is Professor of European Law at King’sCollege London

19 dimitry kochenov holds the Chair of EU Constitutional Law atthe University of Groningen

20 panos koutrakos is Professor of European Union Law and JeanMonnet Professor of European Union Law at City, University ofLondon

21 pieter jan kuijper is Professor of the Law of International(Economic) Organizations at the University of Amsterdam

22 jurian langer is Professor of European Law and the NationalLegal Order at the University of Groningen; and Head of the EULitigation Team at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and legalagent for the Dutch Government in proceedings in front of theEuropean Court of Justice

list of contributors xv




23 koen lenaerts is President of the Court of Justice of theEuropean Union

24 ioannis lianos is Professor of Global Competition Law andPublic Policy at University College London and Academic Directorat BRICS Competition Law & Policy Centre, HSE National ResearchUniversity

25 justin lindeboom is Lecturer in European Law at the Universityof Groningen

26 hans-w. micklitz is Professor of Economic Law at the EuropeanUniversity Institute

27 peter-christian müller-graff holds the Chair forEconomic Law and European Law at the Heidelberg University LawFaculty and is Director of the Heidelberg University Institute forGerman and European Corporate and Economic Law

28 niamh nic shuibhne is Professor of European Union Law at theUniversity of Edinburgh Law School

29 paul nihoul is a Judge at the General Court of the EuropeanUnion

30 jeremias prassl is Associate Professor at Magdalen College,University of Oxford

31 kai p. purnhagen is Associate Professor of Law and Governanceat Wageningen University

32 robert schütze is Professor of European Union Law at DurhamLaw School and the College of Europe

33. eleanor sharpston is Advocate General at the Court of Justiceof the European Union

34 jo shaw holds the Salvesen Chair of European Institutions at theUniversity of Edinburgh Law School and is a Professor at TampereUniversity

xvi list of contributors




35 jukka snell is Professor of European Law at University of Turku

36 eleanor spaventa is Professor of Law at Bocconi University

37 takis tridimas is Professor of European Law at King’s CollegeLondon

38 hans h. b. vedder is Professor of Economic Law at the Universityof Groningen

39 nils wahl is Advocate General at the Court of Justice of theEuropean Union

40 stephen weatherill is Jacques Delors Professor of EuropeanLaw at Somerville College, University of Oxford

41 joseph h. h. weiler is University Professor and Director of theJean Monnet Center for International and Regional Economic Law &Justice at New York University School of Law

42 richard whish is Emeritus Professor at King’s College London

43 robin c. a . white is Emeritus Professor at University of LeicesterLaw School

44 matthijs van wolferen is Lecturer in European Law at theUniversity of Groningen

list of contributors xvii




FOREWORD

Laurence Gormley: a Scholar for All Seasons

sir alan dashwood

This volume celebrates the career of one of EU law’s most distinguishedfigures. Laurence Gormley’s reputation at the forefront of EU lawscholarship is attested by the list of those wishing to honour himthrough contributing to the volume – truly a roll call of the leadingauthorities in the discipline. But it is not only for the depth of hislearning, the incisiveness of his analysis and the quality and range ofhis published work that Laurence is admired. He has been a greatteacher, to the profit of generations of students at his belovedGroningen, where his virtues as a PhD supervisor have been touchinglyrecalled; and he has entertained audiences, as a visiting professor orguest lecturer at universities across the Union, with intellectual tours deforce enlivened by characteristically Rabelaisian touches. Laurence has,moreover, been assiduous in performing the duties of academic leader-ship; among other things, he chaired the Assessment Committee forAdvanced Master’s Courses in Law at the Flemish Universities in 2006/7, and was President of the Association of European Law Faculties in2015/16. Those who have the privilege of knowing Laurence (and hiscircle of friends and acquaintances is enormous) will have experiencedhis kindness and readiness to expend time and energy in helping andencouraging others in meeting the many challenges of academic andprofessional life. They will also have enjoyed his skill as a raconteur, hisirrepressible sense of humour and, if they are lucky, his Lucullanhospitality. Erudition lightly worn and generously shared (whereappropriate, over an excellent vintage) is the hallmark of Laurence’sstyle.I first met Laurence Gormley at the time when I was the legal secretary

(référendaire) of Advocate General Jean-Pierre Warner at the EuropeanCourt of Justice and he came to the Court as the first holder of the Hon.Sir Peter Bristow Scholarship from the Middle Temple. The scholarship

xix




provides an opportunity for a young barrister to spend time in EUinstitutions and is a small but telling example of how seriously the legalprofessions in the United Kingdom have taken the task of preparing theirmembers to function effectively within the legal order of the EU and tocontribute positively to its development. Laurence was attached to theWarner Chambers and, on his arrival, he appeared in my office andproceeded to entertain me for the next forty minutes (as he has doneintermittently during the succeeding forty years) with a racily humorousexhibition of his knowledge of EU law, acquired astonishingly quicklysince neither his Oxford BA nor his MSc from the LSE were law degrees. Iremember thinking to myself that he would make himself extremelyuseful to the Chambers and that he would be fun to have around – andso it proved.

The editors of this collection have chosen a set of subject areas thatnicely reflects the exceptional scope of Laurence’s interests. In his earlyyears he was perhaps best known for his work on the free movement ofgoods, profiting from his experience as an official of the Commissionfrom 1983 to 1990, and from preparing his thesis for the University ofUtrecht on the topic ‘Prohibiting Restrictions on Trade within the EEC’.During this period, I was able to take advantage of the friendship that wasforged during his stint in Luxembourg to secure Laurence as a regularcontributor to European Law Review. One of the principal aims of theReviewwas to introduce UK practitioners to the novel idea that the law ofthe (then) European Communities had become part of their stock-in-trade, and Laurence was especially adept at bringing out the practicalimplications of new cases and legislation for this readership, without anysacrifice of analytical rigour. He has maintained his interest in the freemovement of goods and the customs union throughout his career,following the convolutions of the Court’s case law through a long seriesof articles in learned journals and edited collections, leading up to hismonograph for Oxford University Press in 2009; and, beyond that, to histrenchant 2015 European Law Review piece ‘Inconsistencies andMisconceptions’ in this field, where they abound. However, Laurence’scontribution to scholarship on the EU’s internal market extends muchmore widely, covering matters that would normally be seen as the pre-serve of ultra-specialists, such as tax law and public procurement. He hasalso written, with wry exasperation, on perennial problems of access tojustice in the EU; and on other institutional and jurisdictional issues, aswell as on more theoretical ones, such as the varieties of Europeaneconomic law and regulation. Quite early in his career, in the two editions

xx foreword by sir alan dashwood




of Kapteyn and VerLoren van Themaat’s classic Introduction to the Lawof the European Communities for which he was responsible (those of 1989and 1998), he had demonstrated the extent of his expertise and his facilityin rendering difficult concepts and principles clear and intelligible forstudents and for those that are called upon to use the law, as practitioners,officials and courts. In this, while strongly influenced in his intellectualculture by the continental jurists among whom he has spent most of hiscareer, he has remained faithful to the best traditions of English doctrinalanalysis.These essays are offered to Laurence Gormley by his friends, in

recognition of the major contribution that he has made towards ourcommon endeavour as EU lawyers. That endeavour will continue, evenfor those of us in the United Kingdomwho seem destined now to become(at best) associates of, rather than partners in, the great enterprise ofEuropean integration. While he may be approaching the milestone ofretirement – and may it be a very long and very happy one – we musthope that Laurence will continue to instruct, inspire and entertain us incarrying the work forward.

foreword by sir alan dashwood xxi




CELEBRATING OUR MENTOR: A PREFACE

This book is put together by four of Laurence’s former and, in one casepresent, PhD students. For all of us he has been a mentor, a role-model, and a formative influence, and our aim was to compile avolume rich enough to reflect both what he has meant to us personally,and to the world of European law more widely. That this has beenpossible is thanks to the generosity with their time and thoughts of themany eminent, and emerging, figures in European Union law whohave contributed chapters for the book, which in turn is testament tothe vast network of friends that Laurence has accumulated over theyears.

We four are all, at least in part, products of Groningen, the beautifulold university city where Laurence has held court for the last thirty years.With its cobbles, spires and endless students it is like Oxford, his almamater, in a good mood, and in the aptly named Harmony building,housing – then – the law, humanities and literature faculties, the depart-ment of European and Economic Law which Laurence headed providedfor all of us, as for many others, a uniquely welcoming and nurturingplace to take our first academic steps.

Although the faculty is friendly one, and the city most likeable, muchof the credit for our experience there rests with Laurence. Possessing aninstinctive pedagogic understanding of which the modern universitymanager can only dream he encouraged us to find our own directions,rather than to follow his. We were always nudged to go to conferences, tomeet people, and to read our case law carefully, but otherwise left topursue our own thoughts and ideas.

He would certainly let us know if he thought we were straying fromgood sense. There might be a comment along the lines of ‘ah, yes, so andso argued that once. Perhaps you should read this . . . ’ and he wouldsearch for and find an offprint from his stuffed bookshelves and leave usto discover the error of our ways. Or, if faced with a particularly pre-tentious and vacuous piece of theorizing there might be a slight wince

xxiii




before he gathered himself and named some scholar we should searchout, in a tone suggesting that it was not really his cup of tea, all thingsconsidered, but if we really must . . .

Yet it never felt like pressure, and there was no school to which we hadto conform, nor any ‘research project’ constraining us. As a result ourresearch was diverse, and the discussion in the department was lively,wide-ranging, and free. Whether in the faculty, the Wolthoorn (thestrange, dark, old pub in an alley nearby where one has long been ableto find lawyers and historians, and the occasional poet, in various modesof being), Laurence’s elegant living room or one of the very good restau-rants in which Groningen surprisingly abounds, the EU lawyers wouldoften be found weaving law, life, gossip and good wine into a seamlessdiscursive whole.

To have created a department where generations of researchers andyoung educators were inspired to work in an atmosphere that wassupportive, stimulating and fun is already an achievement of note, butLaurence’s influence on his PhD students runs deeper than that. He is theleast didactic supervisor imaginable, far preferring the hint and the chatto the lesson or the demand. However, he gave us something moreimportant than corrections to our texts – he gave us a sense of how tolive the academic life. He did so by example, his own qualities being ourlessons.Most immediately prominent among these is his encyclopædic knowl-

edge of the law, in particular of the case law. Faced with some contem-porary trend in scholarship or critique, Laurence will tend to recallthoughtfully that all these points were dealt with in a judgment of theCourt or paper by the Commission a decade or three before. It is oftenhumbling, and provides a healthily critical perspective on academic fads,and a warning against theory that is ignorant of doctrine, or indeedagainst doctrine that is ignorant of its own history.More profoundly, Laurence is someone of boundless integrity. Full of

humour, and often irreverence, bubbly and teasing, a lover of gossip, acasual acquaintance might not see at first glance the deep seriousness thatlies underneath. His pleasure in legal thought and scholarship is quiteindifferent to the rank or reputation of the person producing it, so thatfor him to bring together a grandee of the law and his most junior newresearcher for a chat is the most natural thing in the world, as we arelucky enough to have experienced. Similarly, the web of bureaucracy thatperennially threatens to strangle research and teaching always fails tocatch him in its threads: Laurence cares about his students, his colleagues,

xxiv celebrating our mentor




and his work, and will simply not be persuaded to care about proceduresthat do no good and make no sense.But above and beyond this daily philosophy there is his ever-present

commitment to Europe, a commitment as heartfelt and profound as it ispossible to be. His is not a toadying apologistic pro-Europeanism, but atrue love of the continent and the ideal of the European project, joined toan instinctive horror of nationalism and indeed all other intolerant isms.In imparting to young researchers around him the sense that even instudying the finer points of tax or goods law one is part of a project whosegoal is to liberate Europe from prejudice and hatred, he gives a gift ofinestimable value, and has helped us all feel part of a community in whichwe can believe. This daily philosophy is not the one of theory, but livedexperience, reflected in the subtle ways his department has always beenrun, showing the faculty and the university what it means not to dis-criminate on the basis of nationality for instance, a less revolutionarythought in the Netherlands today than at times of Laurence’s firstappointment in Groningen. A German, a Brit and a Russian teamingup with a Dutchman to edit this Liber is a direct reflection of thecommunity built of meritocracy and the passion for the law, ratherthan prejudices, dogmas and nationalisms.Then, finally, one should mention the sheer pleasure that he takes in

his work, including, but not only, the serious, solitary scholarship, butalso all the trappings around it. Law, for Laurence, is not some isolated setof abstractions, but embedded in life, with all its richness and humour. Itis an excuse to sing a music hall song – generations of Groningenstudents have been treated to Gilbert and Sullivan extracts as aids toexplanation – to tell a racy story, to offer a historical quip, or above all, toget together with friends at a conference. The people of the law are, forLaurence, inextricably bound with the law itself. He has a particular giftfor explaining cases in terms of the actors involved – often telling a goodstory about the lawyers or judges – without this in any way diminishingthe legal rigour. It is simply the case that humanity and its rules are part ofa whole, and to be interested in one without the other is to miss much ofthe point. This picture is inspiring, and has inspired many. To work withLaurence is to feel the urge to join in, and to see how studying Europeanlawmight be a rich and lively life, as we hope it will continue to be for himfor many years to come.

The editors would like to thank Dean Andrej Zwitter for takingLaurence’s photo and acknowledge the kind help and support theyreceived from Finola O’Sullivan and Emma Collison of Cambridge

celebrating our mentor xxv




University Press and six wonderful student research assistants atGroningen: Vlad Belev, Christian Delev, Jochelle Greaves Siew, NinaM. Havig Bredvold, Bhavna Prashanth and Flips Schøyen, who havebeen absolutely indispensable in preparing this Liber for publication.

F.A.G.D.D.K.J.L.

April 2018

xxvi celebrating our mentor




TABLE OF CASES

Court of Justice of the European Union (by Alphabet)

European Court of Justice

Adzo Domenyo Alokpa and Others v. Ministre du Travail, de l’Emploi et del’Immigration, C-86/12, EU:C:2013:645 58, 224–6

AGM-COS.MET Srl v. Suomen Valtio and Tarmo Lehtinen, C-470/03, EU:C:2007:213,[2007] ECR I-2749 17

Airport Shuttle Express Scarl and Others v. Comune di Grottaferrata, C-162/12 andC-163/12, EU:C:2014:74 462

Åklagaren v. Hans Åkerberg Fransson, C-617/10, EU:C:2013:105 49Åklagaren v. Percy Mickelsson and Joakim Roos, C-142/05, EU:C:2009:336, [2009]

ECR I-4273 5, 10, 91,122, 161–2, 179–80, 189–90Ålands vindkraft AB v. Energimyndigheten, C-573/12, EU:C:2014:2037 360Albany International BV v. Stichting Bedrijfspensioenfonds Textielindustrie, C-67/96,

EU:C:C1999:430, [1999] ECR I-5751 100Alessandra Venturini v. ASL Varese and Others Maria Rosa Gramegna v. ASL Lodi

and Others and Anna Muzzio v. ASL Pavia and Others, C-159/12 and C-161/12,EU:C:2013:791 461

Alexander Hengartner and Rudolf Gasser v. Landesregierung Vorarlberg, C-70/09,EU:C:2010:430, [2010] ECR I-7233 643

Alfredo RendónMarín v.Administración del Estado, C-165/14, EU:C:2016:675 57–8, 465Alpine Investments BV v. Minister van Financiën, C-384/93, EU:C:1995:126, [1995]

ECR I-1141 16, 85, 175Ambisig-Ambiente e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica SA v. Nersant-Associação

Empresarial da Região de Santarém and Núcleo Inicial-Formação e Consultoria Lda,C-601/13, EU:C:2015:204 380–1

Amministrazione delle finanze dello Stato v. Simmenthal, 106/77, EU:C:1978:49, [1978]ECR 629 446

Amministrazione delle finanze dello Stato v. Srl Meridionale Industria Salumi andOthers, Ditta Italo Orlandi and Figlio and Ditta Vincenzo Divella v.Amministrazionedelle finanze dello Stato, 212–217/80, EU:C:1981:270, [1981] ECR 2735 65

Andrea Raccanelli v.Mack-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV,C-94/07, EU:C:2008:425, [2008] ECR I-5939 44, 47

xxvii




Angelo Ferlini v. Centre hospialier de Luxembourg, C-411/98, EU:C:2000:530, [2000]ECR I-8081 45

Anonymi Geniki Etairia Tsimenton Iraklis (AGET Iraklis) v. Ypourgos Ergasias,Koinonikis Asfalisis kai Koinonikis Allilengyis, C-201/15, EU:C:2016:972 50–1,59–64, 286–7, 554, 582

API – Anonima Petroli Italiana SpA v. Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti,C-184–187/13, C-194/13, C-195/13 and C-208/13, EU:C:2014:2147 363–4, 369

A-Punkt Schmuckhandels GmbH v. Claudia Schmidt, C-441/04, EU:C:2006:141,[2006] ECR I-2093 130

Aragonesa de Publicidad Exterior SA and Publivía SAE v. Departamento de Sanidad ySeguridad Social de la Generalitat de Cataluña, C-1/90 and C-176/90, EU:C:1991:327, [1991] ECR I-4151 53

Arsenal Football Club Plc v. Matthew Reed, C-206/01, EU:C:2002:651, [2002] ECRI-10273 29

ASBL Vereniging van Vlaamse Reisbureaus v. ASBL Sociale Dienst van de Plaatselijkeen Gewestelijke Overheidsdiensten, 311/85, EU:C:1987:418, [1987] ECR 3801 36,359, 507

Asociación Nacional de Expendedores de Tabaco y Timbre (ANETT) v.Administración del Estado, C-456/10, EU:C:2012:241 181, 185

Asociación para la Calidad de los Forjados (Ascafor), Asociación de Importadores yDistribuidores de Acero para la Construcción (Asidac) v.Administración del Estadoet al, C-484/10, EU:C:2012:113 181

Association France Nature Environnement v. Premier ministre and Ministre del’Écologie, du Développement durable et de lʼÉnergie, C-379/15, EU:C:2016:603 469

Association des Centres distributeurs Édouard Leclerc and Others v. SARL ‘Au blé vert’and Others, 229/83, EU:C:1985:1, [1985] ECR 1 19, 359

ATRAL SA v. Belgium, C-14/02, EU:C:2003:265, [2003] ECR I-4431 126Audiolux SA ea v. Groupe Bruxelles Lambert SA (GBL) and Others and Bertelsmann

AG and Others, C-101/08, EU:C:2009:626, [2009] ECR I-9823 66Autotrasporti Librandi Snc di Librandi F. and C. v. Cuttica spedizioni e servizi inter-

nationali Srl, C-38/97, EU:C:1998:454, [1998] ECR I-5955 363Aziz Melki and Sélim Abdeli, C-188/10 and C-189/10, EU:C:2010:363, [2010] ECR

I-5667 445, 450–2Baumbast v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, C-413/99, EU:C:2002:493,

[2002] ECR I-7091 687Belgium v. Spain (Rioja Wine), C-388/95, EU:C:2000:244, [2000] ECR I-3123 142BerlingtonHungary Tanácsadó és Szolgáltató kft andOthers v.Magyar Állam, C-98/14,

EU:C:2015:386 121Bernard Connolly v. Commission, C-273/99, EU:C:1999:101, [2001] ECR

I-1575 473Bernard Connolly v. Commission, C-274/99P, EU:C:2001:127, [2001] ECR

I-1611 473

xxviii table of cases




B.N.O. Walrave and L.J.N. Koch v. Association Union cycliste internationale,Koningsklijke NederlandscheWielren Unie et Federación Española Ciclismo, 36/74,EU:C:1974:140, [1974] ECR 1405 38, 43–4, 47

Budéjovický Budvar, národní podnik v. Rudolf Ammersin, C-216/01, EU:C:2003:618,[2003] ECR I-13617 212

Bundesanstalt für den Güterfernverkehr v. Gebrüder Reiff GmbH and Co KG, C-185/91, EU:C:1993:886, [1993] ECR I-5801 362, 368

Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac v. Guy Clair, 123/83, EU:C:1985:33,[1985] ECR 391 358, 362

Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac v. Yves Aubert, 136/86, EU:C:1987:524,[1987] ECR 4789 359

C. Broekmeulen v.Huisarts Registratie Commissie, 246/80, EU:C:1981:218, [1981] ECR2311 45

Campus Oil Ltd and Others v. Minister for Industry and Energy and Others, 72/83,EU:C:1984:256, [1984] ECR 2727 565–7

Canal Satélite Digital v. Adminstración General del Estado, and Distribuidorade Televisión Digital SA (DTS), C-390/99, EU:C:2002:34, [2002] ECRI-607 121

Carlos Garcia Avello v. Belgium, C-148/02, EU:C:2003:539, [2003] ECR I-11613 19,25, 224, 226

CARTESIO Oktató és Szolgáltató bt, C-210/06, EU:C:2008:723, [2008] ECR I-9641445, 447, 449, 451, 623

Centrafarm BV and Adriaan de Peijper v. Sterling Drug Inc, 15/74, EU:C:1974:114,[1974] ECR 1147 33, 148

Centrafarm BV and Adriaan de Peijper v.Winthrop BV, 16/74, EU:C:1974:115, [1974]ECR 1183 33, 148

Centro Servizi Spediporto Srl v.SpedizioniMarittimadelGolfo Srl,C-96/94, EU:C:1995:308,[1995] ECR I-2883 363

Centros Ltd v. Erhvervs- og Selskabsstyrelsen, C-212/97, EU:C:1999:126, [1999]ECR I-1459 19, 621–2, 624–6, 630

Christian Grimme v. Deutsche Angestellten-Krankenkasse, C-351/08, EU:C:2009:697,[2009] ECR I-10777 640, 643

Cinéthèque SA and Others v. Fédération nationale des cinémas français, 60/84 and 61/84, EU:C:1985:329, [1985] ECR 2605 51–3, 154, 157, 167, 171, 173

Citroën Belux NV v. Federatie voor Verzekerings- en Financiële Tussenpersonen (FvF),C-265/12, EU:C:2013:498 130–1

Coditel SA, Compagnie générale pour la diffusion de la télévision, and Others v. Ciné-Vog Films SA and Others, 262/81, EU:C:1982:334, [1982] ECR 338 530

Commission and France v. LadbrokRacing Ltd, C-359/95P andC-379/95P, EU:C:1997:531,[1997] ECR I-6265 357–8

Commission and Others v. Yassin Abdullah Kadi, C-584/10P, C-593/10P and C-595/10P, EU:C:2013:518 49

Commission v. Austria, C-28/09, EU:C:2011:854, [2011] ECR I-13525 195–7

table of cases xxix




Commission v. Austria (Motorway), C-320/03, EU:C:2005:684, [2005] ECR I-987193, 194–5

Commission v. Austria, C-147/03, EU:C:2005:427, [2005] ECR I-5969 21–2Commission v. Belgium, C-47/08, EU:C:2011:334, [2011] ECR I-4105 25Commission v. Council, C-377/12, EU:C:2014:1903 613–4Commission v. Council (Conditional Access Services), C-137/12, EU:

C:2013:675 611, 654Commission v. Council, C-114/12, EU:C:2014:2151 659Commission v. Council, C-28/12, EU:C:2015:282 71Commission v. Council, C-94/03, EU:C:2006:2, [2006] ECR I-1 653Commission v. Council, C-281/01, EU:C:2002:761, [2002] ECR I-12049 653Commission v. Council (Erasmus), 242/87, EU:C:1989:217, [1989] ECR 1421 294Commission v. Council (European Road Transport Agreement), 22/70, EU:C:1971:32,

[1971] ECR 263 71, 607, 659Commission v. Czech Republic (Hallmarks), C-525/14, EU:C:2016:714 212–3Commission v. Denmark, C-467/98, EU:C:2002:625, [2002] ECR I-9519 659Commission v. Denmark, 302/86, EU:C:1988:421, [1988] ECR 4607 98, 127Commission v. Denmark, 143/83, EU:C:1985:34, [1985] ECR 427 65Commission v. Édith Cresson, C-432/04, EU:C:2006:455, [2006] ECR I-6387 472,

474, 478. 480–1, 490–1Commission v.EuropeanCentral Bank, C-11/00, EU:C:2003:395, [2003] ECR I-7147 309Commission v. France, C-333/08, EU:C:2010:44, [2010] ECR I-757 94, 595Commission v. France, C-50/08, EU:C:2011:335, [2011] ECR I-4195 25Commission v. France, C-24/00, EU:C:2004:70, [2004] ECR I-01277 94Commission v. France (Foie Gras), C-184/96, EU:C:1998:495, [1998] ECR I-6197 88Commission v. France, C-265/95, EU:C:1997:595, [1997] ECR I-6959 45, 48, 507Commission v. France (Prohibition of Milk Substitutes), 216/84, EU:C:1988:81, [1988]

ECR 793 166Commission v. France (Postal Franking Machines), 21/84, EU:C:1985:184, [1985] ECR

1356 137Commission v. Germany, C-54/08, EU:C:2011:339, [2011] ECR I-4355 25Commission v. Germany, C-463/01, EU:C:2004:797, [2004] ECR I-11705 194Commission v. Germany (German beer), 178/84, EU:C:1987:126, [1983] ECR

1227 147Commission v. Germany, 29/84, EU:C:1985:229, [1985] ECR 1661 65Commission v. Germany (Pharmaceutical representatives), 247/81, EU:C:1984:79,

[1984] ECR 1111 138Commission v. Germany (Sekt and Weinbrand), 12/74, EU:C:1975:23, [1975] ECR

181 138, 146Commission v. Greece, C-140/03, EU:C:2005:242, [2005] ECR I-3177 23Commission v. Greece, C-398/98, EU:C:2001:565, [2001] ECR I-7915 568Commission v. Greece, C-120/94, EU:C:1996:116, [1996] ECR I-1513 572Commission v. Greece, C-391/92, EU:C:1995:199, [1995] ECR I-1621 16Commission v. Hungary, C-392/15, EU:C:2017:73 25

xxx table of cases




Commission v. Ireland (Potato Licence), 288/83, EU:C:1985:251, [1985]ECR1761 208–9

Commission v. Ireland (Buy Irish), 249/81, EU:C:1982:402, [1982] ECR 4005 17, 33,137, 146

Commission v. Italy, C-518/06, EU:C:2009:270, [2009] ECR I-3491 17Commission v. Italy (Italian Trailers), C-110/05, EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519 5,

9–10, 17, 91–2, 98–9, 122, 179–80, 189–90, 507Commission v. Italy, C-382/05, EU:C:2007:445, [2007] ECR I-6657 375Commission v. Italy, C-119/92, EU:C:1994:46, [1994] ECR I-393 65Commission v. Italy, C-120/88, EU:C:1991:74, [1991] ECR I-621 65Commission v. Italy, 363/85, EU:C:1987:196, [1987] ECR 1733 65Commission v. Italy, 7/61, EU:C:1961:31, [1961] ECR (Special English Edition) 317 126Commission v. Jégo-Quéré, C-263/02P, EU:C:2004:210, [2004] ECR I-3425 413–4,

416–7, 421Commission v. Luxembourg, C-319/06, EU:C:2008:350, [2008] ECR I-4323 97Commission v. Parliament and Council, C-178/03, EU:C:2006:4, [2006] ECR I-107 653Commission v. Portugal, C-543/08, EU:C:2010:669, [2010] ECR I-11241 17Commission v. Portugal, C-265/06, EU:C:2008:210, [2008] ECR I-2245 10, 91,

179, 190Commission v. Portugal, C-367/98, EU:C:2002:326, [2002] ECR I-4731 33Commission v. Spain, C-400/08, EU:C:2011:172, [2011] ECR I-1915 23, 97Commission v. Spain, C-463/00, EU:C:2003:272, [2003] ECR I-4581 178Commission v. Spain, C-414/97, EU:C:1999:417, [1999] ECR I-5585 571Commission v. Sweden, C-246/07, EU:C:2010:203, [2010] ECR I-3317 607Commission v United Kingdom, C-308/14, EU:C:2016:436 94–5Commission v. United Kingdom (Marks of Origin), 207/83, EU:C:1985:161, [1985]

ECR 1201 146Commission v. United Kingdom, 40/82, EU:C:1984:33, [1984] ECR 283 25Commission v. United Kingdom (UHT milk), 124/81, EU:C:1983:30, [1983] ECR

203 147Commission v. United Kingdom, 170/78, EU:C:1980:53, [1983] ECR 2265 192Commission v. World Duty Free Group SA, C-20/15P, EU:C:2016:981 368Conceria Daniele Bresciani v. Amministrazione Italiana delle Finanze, 87/75, EU:

C:1976:18, [1976] ECR 129 147Conegate Ltd v.HMCustoms and Excise, 121/85, EU:C:1986:114, [1986] ECR 1007 4,

126, 346, 349Confédération nationale des producteurs de fruits et légumes and Others v.

Council, 16/62 and 17/62, EU:C:1962:47, [1962] ECR (Special English Edition)471 410–1

Consiglio nazionale dei geologi v. Autorità garante della concorrenza e del mercato,C-136/12, EU:C:2013:489 364

Consorzio Industrie Fiammiferi (CIF) v. Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e delMercato, C-198/01, EU:C:2003:430, [2003] ECR I-8055 358

Coty Germany GmbH v. Parfümerie Akzente GmbH, C-230/16, EU:C:2017:941 530

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Council v. Front populaire pour la libération de la saguia-el-hamra et du rio de oro(Front Polisario), C-104/16P, EU:C:2016:973 658

Criel, née Donckerwolcke and Henri Schou v. Procureur de la République au tribunalde grande instance de Lille and Director General of Customs, 41/76, EU:C:1976:182,[1976] ECR 1921 204–9, 653

Criminal Proceedings against Aimé Richardt and Les Accessoires Scientifiques SNC,C-367/89, EU:C:1991:376, [1991] ECR I-4621 568

Criminal Proceedings against Albert Heijn BV, 94/83, EU:C:1984:285, [1984] ECR3263 147

Criminal Proceedings against André Marchandise, Jean-Marie Chapuis and SATrafitex, C-332/89, EU:C:1991:94, [1991] ECR I-1027 168, 178

Criminal Proceedings against Anton Adriaan Fietje, 27/80, EU:C:1980:293, [1980] ECR3839 211

Criminal Proceedings against Atanas Ognyanov, C-614/14, EU:C:2016:514 458Criminal Proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard, C-267/91 and

C-268/91, EU:C:1993:905, [1993] ECR I-6097 5, 16–7, 90, 119–21, 129, 158–61,164, 168–70, 172–4, 176, 178, 189, 361, 368, 496, 504–5, 522

Criminal Proceedings against Christina Bellamy and English Shop Wholesale SA,C-123/00, EU:C:2001:214, [2001] ECR I-2795 24

Criminal Proceedings against Établissements Fr. Colruyt NV, C-221/15, EU:C:2016:704 125, 192, 361

Criminal Proceedings against F. Levy, 212/88, EU:C:1989:400, [1989] ECR 3511 207Criminal Proceedings against Harry Franzén, C-189/95, EU:C:1997:504, [1997] ECR

I-5909 126, 196Criminal Proceedings against H.F.M. Nijman,125/88, EU:C:1989:401, [1989] ECR

3533 211–2Criminal Proceedings against Ioannis Doulamis, C-446/05, EU:C:2008:157, [2008] ECR

I-1377 361–2Criminal Proceedings against Jacques Pistre, Michèle Barthes, Yves Milhau and Didier

Oberti, C-321–324/94, EU:C:1997:229, [1997] ECR I-2343 19, 53Criminal Proceedings against Jean-Pierre Guimont, C-448/98, EU:C:2000:663, [2000]

ECR I-10663 461Criminal Proceedings against Jochen Dickinger and Franz Ömer, C-347/09, EU:

C:2011:582, [2011] ECR I-8185 194Criminal Proceedings against Kenny Roland Lyckeskog, C-99/00, EU:C:2002:329,

[2002] ECR I-4839 447–8, 450Criminal Proceedings against Lucas Asjes and Others, Andrew Gray and Others,

Andrew Gray and Others, Jacques Maillot and Others and Léo Ludwig and Others,209–213/84, EU:C:1986:188, [1986] ECR 1425 359

Criminal Proceedings against Manuele Arduino, C-35/99, EU:C:2002:97, [2002]ECR I-1529 363

Criminal Proceedings against Matteo Peralta, C-379/92, EU:C:1994:296, [1994]ECR I-3453 97

xxxii table of cases




Criminal Proceedings against Oosthoek’s Uitgeversmaatschappij BV, 286/81, EU:C:1982:438, [1982] ECR 4575 169, 174

Criminal Proceedings against Peter Leifer, Reinhold Otto Krauskopf and Otto Holzer,83/84, EU:C:1995:329, [1995] ECR I-3231 568

Criminal Proceedings against Piergiorgio Gambelli and Others, C-243/01, EU:C:2003:597, [2003] ECR I-13031 98

Criminal Proceedings against Riccardo Tasca, 65/75, EU:C:1976:30, [1976] ECR291 147

Criminal Proceedings against Sandoz BV, 174/82, EU:C:1983:213, [1983] ECR2445 147

Criminal Proceedings against Wolf W. Meng, C-2/91, EU:C:1993:885, [1993] ECRI-1061 360–2, 365, 368

Da Costa en Schaake NV, Jacob Meijer NV, Hoechst-Holland NV v. Nederlandseadministratie der belastingen, 28/62, 69/62 and 30/62, EU:C:1963:6, [1963] ECR(Special English Edition) 31 23

Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH v. DEMOAnonimos Viomikhaniki kai Emporiki Etairia Farmakon, C-414/11, EU:C:2013:520 654

Daniele Annibaldi v. Sindaco del Comune di Guidonia and Presidente Regione Lazio,C-309/96, EU:C:1997:631, [1997] ECR I-7493 50

Davide Gullotta and Farmacia di Gullotta Davide and C. Sas v. Ministero dellaSalute and Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, C-497/12, EU:C:2015:436 462

Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung eV v. Zentrale zur Bekämpfung unlauterenWettbewerbs eV, C-148/15, EU:C:2016:776 11, 85, 95, 99, 125, 181, 185, 186,192, 522

Deutscher Apothekerverband v. 0800 DocMorris NV and Jacques Waterval, C-322/01,EU:C:2003:664, [2003] ECR I-14887 97, 189, 522

Deutsches Weintor Eg v. Land Rheinland-Pfalz, C-544/10, EU:C:2012:52 280Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v. Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural

Resources and Others and Kärntner Landesregierung and Others, C-293/12 andC-594/12, EU:C:2014:238 49

Ditlev Bluhme, C-67/97, EU:C:1998:584, [1998] ECR I-8033 121, 127Doris Salzmann, C-178/99, EU:C:2001:331, [2001] ECR I-4421 447Dorsch Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH v. Bundesbaugesellschaft Berlin mbH,

C-54/96, EU:C:1997:413, [1997] ECR I-4961 447Duphar BV and Others v. Netherlands, 238/82, EU:C:1984:45, [1984] ECR 523 81Duomo Gpa Srl and Others v. Comune di Baranzate and Comune di Venegono

Inferiore, C-357/10, EU:C:2012:283 85Dynamic Medien Vertriebs GmbH v. Avides Media AG, C-244/06, EU:C:2008:85,

[2008] ECR I-505 121, 128, 212Eberhard Haug-Adrion v. Frankfurter Versicherungs-AG, 251/83, EU:C:1984:397,

[1984] ECR 4277 45

table of cases xxxiii




ECSC v. Acciaierie e Ferriere Busseni SpA, C-221/88, EU:C:1990:84, [1990] ECR I-495 440

Elenca Srl v. Ministero dell’Interno, C-385/10, EU:C:2012:634 181Elliniki Radiophonia Tiléorassi AE en Panellinia Omospondia Syllogon Prossopikou v.

Dimotiki Etairia Pliroforissis en Sotirios Kouvelas en Nicolaos Avdellas en anderen,C-260/89, EU:C:1991:254, [1991] ECR I-2925 27, 51–6, 59–60, 62

EMI Records Ltd v. CBS United Kingdom Ltd, 51/75, EU:C:1976:85, [1976] ECR811 208

Emm. G. Lianakis AE, Sima Anonymi Techniki Etaireia Meleton kai Epivlepseon andNikolaos Vlachopoulos v. Dimos Alexandroupolis and Others, C-532/06, EU:C:2008:40, [2008] ECR I-251 380–1, 387

Eran Abatay and Others and Nadi Sahin v. Bundesanstalt für Arbeit, C-317/01 andC-369/01, EU:C:2003:572, [2003] ECR I-12301 644

Eric Libert and Others v. Gouvernement flamand and All Projects and DevelopmentsNV and Others v. Vlaamse Regering, C-197/11 and C-203/11, EU:C:2013:288 461

Établissements Consten SARL and Grundig-Verkaufs-GmbH v. Commission, 56/64and 58/64, EU:C:1966:41, [1966] ECR (Special English Edition) 299 143, 346, 528

Eugen Schmidberger, Internationale Transporte und Planzüge v. Austria, C-112/00,EU:C:2003:333, [2003] ECR I-5659 45, 54, 100

Europemballage Coporation and Continental Can Company Inc v. Commission, 6/72,EU:C:1973:22, [1975] ECR 215 344

EVN AG and Wienstrom GmbH v. Austria, C-448/01, EU:C:2003:651, [2003] ECRI-14527 382

Fabbrica italiana accumulatori motocarri Montecchio SpA (FIAMM) and Fabbricaitaliana accumulatori motocarri Montecchio Technologies LLC, Giorgio Fedon andFigli SpA and Fedon America, Inc v. Council and Commission, C-120/06P andC-121/06P, EU:C:2008:476, [2008] ECR I-6513 658

Fachverband der Buch- und Medienwirtschaft v. LIBRO Handelsgesellschaft mbH,C-531/07, EU:C:2009:276, [2009] ECR I-3717 192

Federico Cipolla v. Rosaria Fazari, née Portolese and Stefano Macrino and ClaudiaCapoparte v. Roberto Meloni, C-94/04 and C-202/04, EU:C:2006:758, [2006]I-11421 21, 363, 462

Fernand Ullens de Schooten v. Belgium, C-268/15, EU:C:2016:874 462–3, 631Finanzamt Köln-Altstadt v. Roland Schumacker, C-279/93, EU:C:1995:31, [1995] ECR

I-225 81Finn Frogne A/S v. Rigspolitiet ved Center for Beredskabskommunikation, C-549/14,

EU:C:2016:634 383Flaminio Costa v. ENEL, 6/64, EU:C:1964:66, [1964] ECR (Special English Edition)

585 24, 117, 411Fokus Invest AG v. Finanzierungsberatung-Immobilientreuhand und Anlageberatung

GmbH (FIAG), EU:C:2010:74, C-541/08, [2010] ECR I-1025 643Fondul Proprietatea SA v. Complexul Energetic Oltenia SA and SC Hidroelectrica SA,

C-556/15 and C-22/16, EU:C:2017:494 463

xxxiv table of cases




Football Association Premier League Ltd and Others v.QC Leisure and Others and KarenMurphy v.Media Protection Services Ltd, C-403/08 and C-429/08, EU:C:2011:631,[2011] ECR I-9083 348, 529, 542–5

Ford-Werke AG and Ford of Europe Inc v. Commission, 25/84 and 26/84, EU:C:1985:340,[1985] ECR 2725 528

Fra.bo SpA v. Deutsche Vereinigung des Gas- und Wasserfaches eV (DVGW) –Technisch-Wissenschaftlicher Verein, C-171/11, EU:C:2012:453 18, 33, 35, 38–40,44, 46, 48

France v. Commission, C-57/95, EU:C:1997:164, [1997] ECR I-1627 72Françoise Gravier v. City of Liège, 293/83, EU:C:1985:69, [1985] ECR 593 292Friedrich Jauch v. Pensionsversicherungsanstalt der Arbeiter, C-215/99, EU:

C:2001:139, [2001] ECR I-1901 690Friedrich Skalka v. Sozialversicherungsanstalt der gewerblichen Wirtschaft, C-160/02,

EU:C:2004:269, [2004] ECR I-1771 690G. Vaassen-Göbbels (a widow) v. Management of the Beambtenfonds voor het

Mijnbedrijf, 61/65, EU:C:1966:39, [1966] ECR (Special English Edition)261 225, 447

Gaetano Donà v. Mario Mantero, 13/76, EU:C:1976:115, [1976] ECR 1333 43Gaston Schul Douane Expediteur BV v. Inspecteur der Invoerrechten en Accijnzen,

Roosendaal, 15/81, EU:C:1982:135, [1982] ECR 1409 508Gebroeders Beentjes BV v.Netherlands, 31/87, EU:C:1988:422, [1988] ECR 4635 393General Motors v. Commission, C-551/03P, EU:C:2006:229, [2006] ECR I-

3173 528–9Georgi Ivanov Elchinov v.Natsionalna zdravnoosiguritelna kasa, C-173/09, EU:C:2010:581,

[2010] ECR I-8889 440, 445–6Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v.Office national de l’emploi (ONEm), C-34/09, EU:C:2011:124,

[2011] ECR I-1177 19, 58, 93, 225, 228, 464–6Gesellschaft zur Verwertung von Leistungsschutzrechten mbH (GVL) v. Commission,

7/82, EU:C:1983:52, [1983] ECR 483 531Giorgio Emanuele Mauri v.Ministero della Giustizia and Commissione per gli esami di

avvocato presso la Corte d’appello di Milano, C-250/03, EU:C:2005:96, [2005] ECRI-1267 363

GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited, Formerly Glaxo Wellcome Plc v. Commission,C-501/06P, C-513/06P and C-519/06P, EU:C:2009:610, [2009] ECR I-9291 348,528–9

Google Spain SL and Google Inc v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)and Mario Costeja González, C-131/12, EU:C:2014:317 283

Green Network SpA v. Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas, C-66/13, EU:C:2014:2399 659

Groupement National des Négociants en Pommes de Terre de Belgique v. ITMBelgiumSA and Vocarex SA, C-63/94, EU:C:1995:270, [1995] ECR I-2467 161, 192

Gut Springenheide GmbH and Rudolf Tusky v.Oberkreisdirektor des Kreises Steinfurt,C-210/96, EU:C:1998:369, [1998] ECR I-4657 21

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H. v.Council, Commission and European Union PoliceMission (EUPM) in Bosnia andHerzegovina, C-455/14P, EU:C:2016:569 77

H.C. Chavez-Vilchez and Others v. Raad van bestuur van de Sociale verzekeringsbankand Others, C-133/15, EU:C:2017:354 466

H. Krantz GmbH & Co. v. Ontvanger der Directe Belastingen and Netherlands, C-69/88, EU:C:1990:97, [1990] ECR I-583 97

Hartlauer Handelsgesellschaft mbH v. Wiener Landesregierung andOberösterreichische Landesregierung, C-169/07, EU:C:2009:141, [2009] ECR I-1721 23–4, 85

Hasselblad (GB) Ltd v. Commission, 86/82, EU:C:1984:65, [1984] ECR 883 529Heinrich Weiss and Others, Request for a preliminary ruling from the

Bundesverfassungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 15 August 2017, C-493/17, [2017]OJ C 402/9 320

Hoffmann-La Roche and Co. AG v. Commission, 85/76, EU:C:1979:36, [1979] ECR461 344

Hubert Wachauf v. Bundesamt für Ernährung und Forstwirtschaft, 5/88, EU:C:1989:321, [1989] ECR 2609 49, 52

IAZ International Belgium and Others v.Commission, 96–102/82, 104/82, 105/82, 108/82 and 110/82, EU:C:1983:310, [1983] ECR 3369 528

Insinööritoimisto InsTiimi Oy, C-615/10, EU:C:2012:324 572Intel Corp v. Commission, C-413/14P, EU:C:2017:632 94Interedil Srl, in liquidation v. Fallimento Interedil Srl and Intesa Gestione Crediti SpA,

C-396/09, EU:C:2011:671, [2011] ECR I-9915 446International Fruit NV and Others v. Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit, 51–54/71,

EU:C:1971:128, [1971] ECR 1107 136, 204–5International Transport Workers’ Federation and Finnish Seamen’s Union v. Viking

Line ABP and OÜ Viking Line Eesti, C-438/05, EU:C:2007:772, [2007] ECR I-10779 18, 33, 36, 44, 45, 54, 98, 100, 284, 581–2

Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH pret Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreideund Futtermittel, 11/70, EU:C:1970:114, [1970] ECR 1125 28, 83

Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and Others v. Parliament and Council, C-583/11P, EU:C:2013:625 418, 420–1

Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano SpA and Commercial Solvents Corporation v.Commission, 6/73 and 7/73, EU:C:1974:18, [1974] ECR 223 344

J.C.J. Wouters, J.W. Savelbergh, Price Waterhouse Belastingadviseurs BV v. AlgemeneRaad van de Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten, C-309/99, EU:C:2002:98, [2002]ECR I-1577 42, 45, 100

J. Knoors v. Staatssecretaris van Economische Zaken, 115/78, EU:C:1979:31, [1979]ECR 399 19

J. Mulder, W.H. Brinkhoff, J.M.M. Muskens, T. Twijnstra and Otto Heinemann v.Council and Commission, C-104/89 and C-37/90, EU:C:1992:217, [1992] ECR I-3061 65

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J. Mulder v. Minister van Landbouw en Visserij, 120/86, EU:C:1988:213, [1988] ECR2321 65

J. Nold, Kohlen- und Baustoffgroßhandlung v. Commission, 4/73, EU:C:1974:51,[1974] ECR 491 52

Janko Rottmann v. Freistaat Bayern, C-135/08, EU:C:2010:104, [2010] ECR I-1449 81, 228, 465

Javico International and Javico AG v.Yves Saint Laurent Parfums SA (YSLP), C-306/96,EU:C:1998:173, [1998] ECR I-1983 528

Jeremy F v. Premier minister, C-168/13, EU:C:2013:358 453João Filipe Ferreira da Silva e Brito and Others v. Estado português, C-160/14,

EU:C:2015:565 468Job Centre Coop. ARL, C-111/94, EU:C:1995:340, [1995] ECR I-3361 447–8Jobcenter Berlin Neukölln v. Nazifa Alimanovic and Others, C-67/14, EU:

C:2015:597 29, 686Johannes Henricus Maria van Binsbergen v. Bestuur van de Bedrijfsvereniging voor de

Metaalnijverheid, 33/74, EU:C:1974:131, [1974] ECR 1299 118John Dalli v. Commission, C-394/15P, EU:C:2016:262 484, 490–1JoséManuelBlancoPérez andMaríadelPilarChaoGómez v.Consejería de SaludyServicios

Sanitarios and Principado de Asturias, C-570/07 and C-571/07, EU:C:2010:300, [2010]ECR I-4629 23, 461

Jozef Križan and Others v. Slovenská inšpekcia životného prostredia, C-416/10, EU:C:2013:8 442–6, 449–50

Jyri Lehtonen and Castors Canada Dry Namur-Braine ASBL v. Fédération royale belge dessociétés de basket-ball ASBL (FRBSB), C-176/96, EU:C:2000:201, [2000] ECR I-2681 43

Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v. Inspire Art Ltd, C-167/01,EU:C:2003:512, [2003] ECR I-10155 621–2, 624–6

Karl Spagl v. Hauptzollamt Rosenheim, C-189/89, EU:C:1990:450, [1990] ECR I-4539 65

Kemikalienspektionen v. Toolex Alpha AB, C-473/98, EU:C:2000:379, [2000] ECRI-5681 190

Ker-Optika bt v. ÀNTSZ Dél-dunántúli Regionális Intézete, C-108/09, EU:C:2010:725,[2010] ECR I-12213 95, 180

Konstantinos Mallis and Others v. Commission and European Central Bank, C-105–109/15P, EU:C:2016:702 73, 75

Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v. De Agostini (Svenska) Förlag AB (and TV-Shop i Sverige AB, C-34–36/95, EU:C:1997:344, [1997] ECR I-3843161, 189

Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v.Gourmet International ProductsAB (GOP),C-405/98,EU:C:2001:135, [2001] ECR I-1795 16, 97, 189

Kreshnik Ymeraga and Others v.Ministre du Travail, de l’Emploi et de l’Immigration,C-87/12, EU:C:2013:291 19–20, 58

table of cases xxxvii




Kunqian Catherine Zhu and Man Lavette Chen v. Secretary of State for the HomeDepartment, C-200/02, EU:C:2004:639, [2004] ECR I-9925 4, 57, 225

Ladbrokes Betting and Gaming Ltd and Ladbrokes International Ltd v. Stichting deNationale Sporttotalisator, C-258/08, EU:C:2010:308, [2010] ECR I-4757 98

Laval un Partneri Ltd v. Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundet, SvenskaByggnadsarbetareförbundets avdelning 1, Byggettan and SvenskaElektrikerförbundet, C-341/05, EU:C:2007:809, [2007] ECR I-11767 33, 42, 44–5,100, 261, 284, 581–2, 588

Ledra Advertising Ltd and Others v. Commission and European Central Bank C-8–10/15P, EU:C:2016:701 74, 76–7, 320

Leendert van Bennekom, 227/82, EU:C:1983:354, [1983] ECR 3883 126Léon Van Parys NV v. Belgisch Interventie- en Restitutiebureau (BIRB), C-377/02,

EU:C:2005:121, [2005] ECR I-1465 658Leyla Ecem Demirkan v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-221/11, EU:C:2013:583 644Lidl GmbH and Co KG v. Freistaat Sachsen, C-134/15, EU:C:2016:498 280Liivimaa Lihaveis MTÜ v. Eesti-Läti programmi 2007–2013 Seirekomitee, C-562/12,

EU:C:2014:2229 72London Borough of Harrow v. Nimco Hassan Ibrahim and Secretary of State for the

Home Department, C-310/08, EU:C:2010:80, [2010] ECR I-1065 687Louis Erauw-Jacquéry v. La Hesbignonne, 27/87, EU:C:1988:183, [1988] ECR

1919 530Malgožata Runevič-Vardyn and Łukasz PawełWardyn v. Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės

administracija and Others, C-391/09, EU:C:2011:291, [2011] ECR I-3787 224, 226Manfred Säger v. Dennemeyer and Co Ltd, C-76/90, EU:C:1991:331, [1991] ECR I-

4221 118Marguerite Johnston v. Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary, 222/84,

EU:C:1986:206, [1986] ECR 1651 52, 517–2Maria Geurts and Dennis Vogten v. Administratie van de BTW, registratie en domei-

nen, Belgische Staat, C-464/05, EU:C:2007:631, [2007] ECR I-9325 128María Julia Zurita García and Aurelio Choque Cabrera v. Delegado del Gobierno en la

Región de Murcia, C-261/08 and C-348/08, EU:C:2009:648, [2009] ECR I-10143 458

Maria Teixeira v. London Borough of Lambeth and Secretary of State for the HomeDepartment, C-480/08, EU:C:2010:83, [2010] ECR I-1107 224, 687

Marie Landtová v. Česká správa socialního zabezpečení, C-399/09, EU:C:2011:415,[2011] ECR I-5573 453

Marja-Liisa Susisalo, Olli Tuomaala and Merja Ritala, C-84/11, EU:C:2012:374 461Mark Alemo-Herron and Others v. Parkwood Leisure Ltd, C-426/11, EU:

C:2013:521 275, 284–5Markus Stoß,Avalon Service-Online-DiensteGmbHandOlafAmadeusWilhelmHappel v.

Wetteraukreis and Kulpa Automatenservice Asperg GmbH, SOBO Sport andEntertainment GmbH and Andreas Kunert v. Land Baden-Württemberg, C-316/07,C-358/07, C-360/07, C-409/07, C-410/07, EU:C:2010:504, [2010] ECR I-8069 194

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Mary Carpenter v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, C-60/00, EU:C:2002:434,[2002] ECR I-6279 100

Massam Dzodzi v. Belgium, C-297/88 and C-197/89, EU:C:1990:360, [1990] ECR I-3763 461

Maurits Casteels v. British Airways Plc, C-379/09, EU:C:2011:131, [2011] ECR I-1379 42

Maximillian Schrems v. Data Protection Commissioner, C-362/14, EU:C:2015:650 49, 283, 453

Meryem Demirel v. Stadt Schwäbisch Gmünd, 12/86, EU:C:1987:400, [1987] ECR3719 614

Metalsa Srl, C-312/91, EU:C:1993:279, [1993] ECR I-3751 643Metro SB Großmärkte GmbH and Co KG v. Cartier SA, C-376/92, EU:C:1994:5, [1994]

ECR I-15 529M.G. Eman and O.B. Sevinger v. College van burgemeester en wethouders van Den

Haag, C-300/04, EU:C:2006:545, [2006] ECR I-8055 233Milch-, Fett- und Eierkontor GmbH v. Hauptzollamt Saarbrücken, 29/68, EU:

C:1969:27, [1969] ECR 165 24, 440Miller International Schallplaten GmbH v. Commission, 19/77, EU:C:1978:19, [1978]

ECR 131 528Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie v. R.N.G. Eind, C-291/05, EU:

C:2007:771, [2007] ECR I-10719 19Mobistar SA v. Commune de Fléron and Belgacom Mobile SA v. Commune de

Schaerbeek, C-544/03 and C-545/03, EU:C:2005:518, [2005] ECR I-7723 16, 85

Murat Dereci and Others v. Bundesministerium für Inneres, C-256/11, EU:C:2011:734,[2011] ECR I-11315 50, 58, 465

Nationale Raad van Dierenkwekers en Liefhebbers VZW, Andibel VZW v. Belgium,C-219/07, EU:C:2008:4475, [2008] ECR I-4475 128

Nicolas Bressol and Others and Céline Chaverot and Others v. Gouvernement de laCommunauté française, C-73/08, EU:C:2010:181, [2010] ECR I-2735 21–2, 97, 126

Nicolas Decker v. Caisse de Maladie des Employés Privés, C-120/95, EU:C:1998:167,[1998] ECR I-1831 190

Nural Ziebell v. Land Baden-Württemberg, C-371/08, EU:C:2011:809, [2011] ECRI-12735 30, 644

NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend and Loos v.Nederlandse administratie der belastingen, 26/62, EU:C:1963:1, [1963] ECR (SpecialEnglish Edition) 1 116–7, 289, 411, 436, 453, 460, 469

O. v. Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel and Minister voor Immigratie,Integratie en Asiel v. B, C-456/12, EU:C:2014:135 19

Olaitan Ajoke Alarape and Olukayode Azeez Tijani v. Secretary of State for the HomeDepartment, C-529/11, EU:C:2013:290 687

Olympique Lyonnais v.Olivier Bernard and Newcastle UFC, C-325/08, EU:C:2010:143,[2010] ECR I-2177 42

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Omega Spielhallen- und Automatenaufstellungs-GmbH v. Oberbürgermeisterin derBundesstadt Bonn, C-36/02, EU:C:2004:614, [2004] ECR I-9609 100, 128

Openbaar Ministerie (Public Prosecutor) of the Netherlands v. Jacobus Philippus vanTiggele, 82/77, EU:C:1978:10, [1978] ECR 25 18, 147, 151–2, 191

Ottica New Line di Accardi Vincenzo v. Comune di Campobello di Mazara, C-539/11,EU:C:2013:591 23

P.B. Groenveld BV v. Produktschap voor Vee en Vlees, 15/79, EU:C:1979:253,[1979]ECR 3409 152

P.I. v. Oberbürgermeisterin der Stadt Remscheid, C-348/09, EU:C:2012:300 556–7, 574

Parliament v. Council (Fourth Lomé Convention Case), C-316/91, EU:C:1994:76,[1994] ECR I-625 72

Parliament v. Council and Commission (Bangladesh case), C-181/91 and C-248/91,EU:C:1993:271, [1993] ECR I-3685 71–2

Parke, Davis and Co v. Probel, Reese, Beintema-Interpharm and Centrafarm, 24/67,EU:C:1968:11, [1968] ECR (Special English Edition) 55 148

Pascal Van Eycke v. ASPA NV, 267/86, EU:C:1988:427, [1988] ECR 4769 360–1Patrick Kelly v. National University of Ireland (University College, Dublin), C-104/10,

EU:C:2011:506, [2011] ECR I-6813 445Pelckmans Turnhout NV v. Walter Van Gastel Balen NV and Others, C-483/12,

EU:C:2014:304 63, 181Pensionsversicherungsanstalt v. Peter Brey, C-140/12, EU:C:2013:565 686Peter Gauweiler and Others v. Deutscher Bundestag, C-62/14, EU:C:2015:400 244,

280, 309–10, 312, 320Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique SAS v. Président de l’Autorité de la concurrence and

Ministre de l’Économie, de l’Industrie et de l’Emploi, C-439/09, EU:C:2011:649,[2011] ECR I-9419 530

Pillbox 38 (UK) Ltd, trading as Totally Wicked v. Secretary of State for Health, C-477/14, EU:C:2016:324 280

Polydor Ltd and RSO Records Inc v.Harlequin Records Shops Ltd and Simons RecordsLtd, 270/80, EU:C:1982:43, [1982] ECR 329 200, 642–4

Portugal v. Council, C-249/96, EU:C:1999:574, [1999] ECR I-8395 658Portugal v. Council, C-268/94, EU:C:1996:461, [1996] ECR I-6177 614Pressetext Nachrichtenagentur GmbH v. Austria (Bund), APA-OTS

Originaltext-Service GmbH and APA Austria Presse Agentur registrierteGenossenschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, C-454/06, EU:C:2008:351, [2008]ECR I-4401 383

PreussenElektra AG v. Schhleswag AG, in the Presence of Windpark Reußenköge IIIGmbH and Land Schleswig-Holstein, C-379/98, EU:C:2001:160, [2001] ECR I-2099 92, 100, 127, 360

Privater Rettungsdienst und Krankentransport Stadler v. Zweckverband fürRettungsdienst und Feuerwehralarmierung Passau, C-274/09, EU:C:2011:130,[2011] ECR I-1335 375

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Procureur du Roi v. Benoît and Gustave Dassonville, 8/74, EU:C:1974:82, [1974] ECR837 5, 8, 10, 15–20, 84–96, 99, 101–2, 106, 109, 111, 117–20, 134, 136, 138–46, 148–9,151–2, 158–63, 165–6, 168, 171, 173–4, 177, 179, 182, 185, 189–90, 199, 205–6, 345,496, 502, 522, 549, 551, 598

Punto Casa SpA v. Sindaco del Comune di Capena and Comune di Capena andPromozioni Polivalenti Venete Soc. coop. arl (PPV) v. Sindaco del Comune di Torridi Quartesolo and Comune di Torri di Quartesol, C-69/93 and C-258/93, EU:C:1994:226, [1994] ECR 1–2355 16, 121

Queisser Pharma GmbH and Co. KG v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-282/15,EU:C:2017:26 595

R v. Immigration Appeal Tribunal and Surinder Singh, ex parte Secretary of State forHome Department, C-370/90, EU:C:1992:296, [1992] ECR I-4265 19

R v. Maurice Donald Henn and John Frederick Ernest Darby, 34/79, EU:C:1979:295,[1979] ECR 3795 148, 273

R v. Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte Compassion in WorldFarming Ltd, C-1/96, EU:C:1998:113, [1998] ECR I-1251 599–600

R v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte British American Tobacco(Investments) and Imperial Tobacco Ltd, C-491/01, EU:C:2002:741, [2002] ECRI-11453 280

R v. Treasury and Commissioners of Inland Revenue, ex parte Daily Mail and GeneralTrust Plc, 81/87, EU:C:1988:456, [1988] ECR I-5483 623

R, on the application of Dany Bidar v. London Borough of Ealing and Secretary of Statefor Education and Skills, C-209/03, EU:C:2005:169, [2005] ECR I-2119 30

R on the application of SPCM SA, CH Erbslöh KG, Lake Chemicals and Minerals Ltdand Hercules Inc v. Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs,C-558/07, EU:C:2009:430, [2009] ECR I-5783 280

R, on the application of Yvonne Watts v. Bedford Primary Care Trust and Secretary ofState for Health, C-372/04, EU:C:2006:325, [2006] ECR I-4325 24

R. Buet and Educational Business Services (EBS) SARL v. Ministère public, 382/87,EU:C:1989:198, [1989] ECR 1235 129–30

Radlberger Getränkegesellschaft mbH and Co and S. Spitz KG v. Land Baden-Württemberg, C-309/02, EU:C:2004:799, [2004] ECR I-11763 21, 194

Raymond Kohll v.Union des caisses de maladie, C-158/96, EU:C:1998:171, [1998] ECRI-1931 126

Reading Borough Council v. Payless DIY Ltd, Wickes Building Supplies Ltd, GreatMills (South) Ltd, Homebase Ltd, B and Q Plc, C-304/90, EU:C:1992:512, [1992]ECR I-6493 168

Reinhard Gebhard v. Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano,C-55/94, EU:C:1995:411, [1995] ECR I-4165 16, 85

Rewe-Zentrale AG v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein (Cassis de Dijon),120/78, EU:C:1979:42, [1979] ECR 649 8, 20–1, 24–5, 94, 96, 105, 117, 120, 122,126–8, 130, 142, 153, 156, 160, 165–6, 168, 173, 178, 181, 183, 209–10, 345, 429, 502–3, 551, 594

table of cases xli




Rewe-Zentralfinanz eGmbH v. Landwirtschaftskammer, 4/75, EU:C:1975:98, [1975]ECR 843 147

Rezguia Adoui v. Belgium and City of Liège; Dominique Cornuaille v. Belgium, 115/81and 116/81, EU:C:1982:183, [1982] ECR 01665 4, 126, 226

R.H. Kempf v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, 139/85, EU:C:1986:223, [1986] ECR1741 29

Rhiannon Morgan v. Bezirksregierung Köln and Iris Bucher v. Landrat des KreisesDüren, C-11/06 and C-12/06, EU:C:2007:626, [2007] ECR I-9161 81

Riseria Luigi Geddo v. Ente Nazionale Risi, 2/73, EU:C:1973:89, [1973] ECR 866 136Robert Pfleger and Others, C-390/12, EU:C:2014:281 50–1, 59–60, 62, 194Rochdale Borough Council v. S J Anders, C-306/88, EU:C:1992:510, [1992] ECR I-

6463 188Roman Angonese v. Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA, C-281/98, EU:C:2000:296

[2000] ECR I-4139 42, 44–5, 47Rudy Grzelczyk v. Centre public d’aide sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, C-184/

99, EU:C:2001:458, [2001] ECR I-6193 93Ruth Hünermund and Others v. Landesapothekerkammer Baden-Württemberg,

C-292/92, EU:C:1993:032, [1993] ECR I-6787 10, 87, 119, 161SA CNL-SUCAL NV v. HAG GF AG (Hag II), C-10/89, EU:C:1990:359, [1990] ECR

I-3711 159S. Coleman v. Attridge Law and Steve Law, C-303/06, EU:C:2008:415, [2008] ECR

I-5603 226SA Compagnie générale pour la diffusion de la télévision, Coditel, and Others v. Ciné

Vog Films and Others, 62/79, EU:C:1980:84, [1980] ECR 881 530SA GB-INNO-BM v. Association des détaillants en tabac (ATAB), 13/77, EU:C:1977:185,

[1977] ECR 2115 359SAMusique Diffusion française and Others v. Commission, 100–103/80, EU:C:1983:158,

[1983] ECR 1825 528Sandoz GmbH v. Finanzlandesdirektion für Wien, Niederösterreich und Burgenland,

C-439/97, EU:C:1999:499, [1999] ECR I-7041 85Sandoz prodotti farmaceutici SpA v. Commission, 277/87, EU:C:1989:363, [1989] ECR

I-45 528Sapod Audic v. Eco-Emballages SA, C-159/00, EU:C:2002:343, [2002] ECR I-5031 507Scarlet Extended SA v. Société belge des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs SCRL

(SABAM), C-70/10, EU:C:2011:771, [2011] ECR I-11959 282Scotch Whisky Association and Others v. The Lord Advocate and The Advocate

General for Scotland, C-333/14, EU:C:2015:845 11, 85, 98–9, 111, 126, 181,183–5, 190

Secretary of State for the Home Department v. CS, C-304/14, EU:C:2016:674 465, 566Servet Kamberaj v. Istituto per l’Edilizia Sociale della Provincia autonoma di Bolzano

(IPES) and Others, C-571/10, EU:C:2012:233 29, 458ShirleyMcCarthy v. Secretary of State for theHomeDepartment, C-434/09, EU:C:2011:277,

[2011] ECR I-3375 226, 465

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Simmenthal SpA v. Amministrazione delle finanze, 70/77, EU:C:1978:139, [1978] ECR1453 203–4

Sky Österreich GmbH v. Österreichischer Rundfunk, C-283/11, EU:C:2013:28 275,278–9, 281

Sociaal Fonds voor de Diamantarbeiders proti SA Ch. Brachfeld and Sons in ChougolDiamond Co, 2/69 and 3/69, EU:C:1969:30, [1969] ECR 211 135

Sociaal Fonds voor de Diamantarbeiders v. NV Indiamex et Association de fait DeBelder, 37/73 and 38/73, EU:C:1973:165, [1973] ECR 1609 202–3

Société d’Importation Edouard Leclerc-Siplec v. TF1 Publicité SA andM6 Publicité SA,C-412/93, EU:C:1995:26, [1995] ECR I-179 9, 161, 178, 189

Société Technique Minière (LTM) v. Maschinenbau Ulm GmbH (MBU), 56/65,EU:C:1966:38, [1966] ECR (Special English Edition) 235 141, 171–2

Sot. Lélos kai Sia EE and Others v. GlaxoSmithKline AEVE Farmakeftikon Proïonton,Formerly Glaxowellcome AEVE, C-468–478/06, EU:C:2008:504, [2008] ECR I-7139 531

Srl CILFIT and Lanificio di Gavardo SpA v.Ministry of Health, 283

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