integration of active and passive systems in glass fa§ades

Renato D'Alençon Castrillón Technische Universität Berlin Fak Architektur [email protected]

GSW Headquarters, Berlin. Archs Sauerbruch and Hutton

INTEGRATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SYSTEMS IN GLASS FAÇADES


INTEGRATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SYSTEMS IN GLASS FAÇADES Renato D'Alençon Castrillón Technische Universität Berlin [email protected]

Abstract

In this paper, we explore an integrated approach blending activesystems in whole, comprehensive façade systems. To do so, we draw a state of the art of these technologies and analyze their performance in several cases of study built in Germany the last years. We conclude outlining the key elements an integrated façade should consider,emphasizing the complementation with passive systems and the architectural consequences and requirements of such a trend.

• Introduction• Innovation and Systems Integration in Facades• Integration of Passive Systems• Integration of Mechanical Systems• Conclusion• References

Introduction / Innovation and Integration / Integration of Passive Systems / Integration of Mechanical Systems / Conclusion

1. INTRODUCTION



Rooftop HVAC Equipment CCASF, Archs SOM LSF Trombe Wall at Tabo Monastery India, Arch S Kaushik

2. INNOVATION AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION IN FACADES



DSF Köln Triangle Archs Gatermann+SchStandard Courtain Wall Added Facade Mediaset Milan Arch De Nigris



Current Development Trends

Critical issues can be identified for the further development of glazed façades and the improvement of their environmental performance. We underline here those more relevant today, and include both the technological development of the facades and innovation in the design and the production process, which grows in importance as integration strategies develop:

1. Material technology research2. Development of design and simulation software 3. Implementation of operation control systems 4. Development on Hybrid Ventilation5. Research on Integrated Building Concepts




Advanced Integrated Facades

Critical Advanced Integrated Façades (AIF) include –usually in addition to DSFs- energy-based building systems, such as decentralized HVAC, artificial lighting and electricity wiring are increasingly being incorporated in the façades. These functions convey optimized energy management, automatic adjustment of heating and cooling needs, natural and mechanical ventilation.

Additionally, the decentralized lay-out simplifies maintenance, and makes repairs easier and unobtrusive. Knaack (Knaack u. a. 2007) defines an Integrated Façade (in German Komponentenfassade) as façades integrating “(…) functions such as heating, cooling, ventilation as well as light-directing, shading, integration of artificial lighting and even energy generation with solar panels (…)”.


3. INTEGRATION OF PASSIVE SYSTEMS



Buffer Spaces

TEM OTION Double Fassade: Double and Single GlazingVentilated Double Fassade Rso Glass Air Ch. Glass Air Ch. Glass Rsi Rt U Area UtotalPer Storey Thickness 0,006 0,030 0,006 0,350 0,006Integrated Services Fassade 1,046 0,250 1,046 n/a 1,046

Rn 0,050 0,006 0,120 0,006 0,460 0,006 0,120 0,767 1,303 6,727

Aluminium FrameRso Aluminium Rsi Rt U Area

Thickness 0,03514,640

Rn 0,050 0,002 0,120 0,172 5,801 0,671Sub-Total 1,711

Side louvered PanelRso Louvero Air Ch. Insul. Louveri Rsi Rt U Area

Thickness 0,003 0,350 0,050 0,00314,640 n/a 0,040 14,640

Rn 0,050 0,000 0,460 1,250 0,000 0,120 1,880 0,532 1,302

Total 8,700 1,535

VERWALTUNGSGEBÄUDE W. Integrated Services FassadeTriple Glazing Rso Glass Air Ch. Glass Air Ch. Glass Rsi Rt U Area Utotal

Thickness 0,006 0,030 0,006 0,030 0,0061,046 0,250 1,046 0,250 1,046

Rn 0,050 0,006 0,120 0,006 0,120 0,006 0,120 0,427 2,341 4,130

Timber FrameRso Timber Rsi Rt U Area

Thickness 0,2800,190

Rn 0,050 1,474 0,120 1,644 0,608 1,340Sub-Total 1,916

Side Timber PanelRso Plywood Air Ch. Insul. Plywood Rsi Rt U Area

Thickness 0,012 0,030 0,050 0,0050,190 0,250 0,040 0,190

Rn 0,050 0,063 0,120 1,250 0,026 0,120 1,629 0,614 1,560

Total 7,030 1,627

Business Promotion Centre Duisburg Arch N Foster




Lightshelves and Facades

ZVK Verwaltungsgebaude Wiesbaden Arch Th Herzog




Double Skin Fassade

GSW Berlin Arch Sauerbruch Hutton

4. INTEGRATION OF ACTIVE SYSTEMS



Modules Fassade

Capricorn House, Düsseldorf.Archs Gatterman + Schossig




Ventilation and Services Prototype

TEmotion WICONA. FH Biberach,TU DortmunD




Post Tower Bonn, Archs Murphy and Jahn

DSFs and Ventilation



The opposition of passive v/s active methods is thought to be diverging, on either methodological or ideological grounds. However, the prevalence of HVAC and the trend to integrate elements in the façade suggest that the conception of the fassade it as an integrated element of the building is a path worth of further study.

By means of direct integration of building services in façades it is possible to spare expensive pits and channels and even technicalstoreys, with a better quality of the air supply, smaller construction costs, and freeing useful space.

The complexity of such systems goes beyond the performance of specific systems, and requires an integrated analysis that can only be performed based on real study cases, as no separate analysis of specific elements accounts for the improved performance claimed for them.

5. CONCLUSIONS



6. REFERENCES

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Results. http://www.energytech.at/pdf/annex44_review-final.pdf .iii. Compagno, Andrea. 2002. Intelligente Glasfassaden / Intelligent Glass Façades: Material, Anwendung, Gestaltung /

Material, Practice, Design. Basel: Birkhäuser.iv. Haase, Matthias, Inger Andresen, und Tor Helge Dokka. 2009. The Role of Advanced Integrated Facades in the

Design of Sustainable Buildings. Journal of Green Building 4 Issue: 1, Winter: 76-98.v. Knaack, Ulrich, Tillmann Klein, Marcel Bilow, und Thomas Auer. 2007. Façades: Principles of Construction. 1. Aufl.

Birkhäuser Basel, August 24.vi. Müller, Helmut. 2005. Innovation in der entwicklung von Fassadensystemen 2, Dortmund. http://www.bauwesen.uni-

dortmund.de/ka/verweis/forschung/TEmotion_Dokumentation.pdfvii. Ochshorn, R. 2004. Curtain Wall System. In Encyclopedia of 20th century architecture, hg. v. R Sennott. New York:

Fitzroy Dearborn.viii. Pasquay, Till. 2004. Natural ventilation in high-rise buildings with double facades, saving or waste of energy. Energy

and Buildings 36, no. 4 (April): 381-389. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.018.ix. Schuster, H, und H Mueller. 2007. Interdisciplinary development of a modular façade system with decentralised

building services. In . Crete island, Greece, September..x. Selkowitz, Stephen, Øyvind Aschehoug, und Eleanor Lee. 2003. Advanced Interactive Facades – Critical Elements

for Future Green Buildings? http://windows.lbl.gov/comm_perf/Electrochromic/refs/attachmt17.2_usgbc.pdf .xi. Sobek, Werner, und Walter Haase. 2005. Adaptive Systeme und Materialien. Deutsches Architektenblatt, no. 1/2005:

14-17.xii. Streicher, Wolfgang et al. 2005. BESTFAÇADE: Best Practice for Double Skin Façades. WP 1 Report “State of the

Art”. http://www.bestfacade.com/pdf/downloads/Lit_database_output.pdf .xiii. Vásquez Z., Claudio. 2006. El Vidrio: Arquitectura Y Técnica. Santiago, Chile: Eds. ARQ.xiv. Wigginton, Michael, und Jude Harris. 2002. Intelligent skins. Oxford [u.a.]: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Renato D'Alençon Castrillón Technische Universität Berlin Fak Architektur [email protected]

GSW Headquarters, Berlin. Archs Sauerbruch and Hutton



integration of active and passive systems in glass fa§ades

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