integrative organs systems scientists and drug discovery: the link between big pharma and academia
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Integrative Organs Systems Scientists and Drug Discovery: The Link Between Big Pharma and Academia. Glenn A. Reinhart, Ph.D. Senior Group Leader Integrative Pharmacology Global Pharmaceutical Discovery Abbott Laboratories. Integrative Organs Systems Scientists in Pharmaceutical Discovery. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Integrative Organs Systems Scientists and Drug Discovery: The Link Between Big Pharma and Academia
Glenn A. Reinhart, Ph.D.Senior Group LeaderIntegrative PharmacologyGlobal Pharmaceutical DiscoveryAbbott Laboratories
Integrative Organs Systems Scientists inPharmaceutical Discovery
• The drug discovery process continues to exploit and develop new, reductionist and high throughput technologies in the search for novel lead molecules for the treatment of new disease targets.
• To move toward clinical development a compound must demonstrate key in vivo characteristics:
– efficacy and specificity in disease state models
– safety, safety, safety
– adequate pharmacokinetic, pharacodynamic and metabolic profiles
Drug Discovery: the Path to Clinical Development
Idea
Target Identification
Target Validation
Lead Optimization
Drug Development Candidate
Clinical Development
Molecular Biology
Organizational Structure“Matrix”
PharmacologyMedicinal Chemistry
ProjectTeams
PK / ADME ToxicologySafety
Pharmacology
Organizational Structure“Project Team”
ProjectTeams
PK / ADME ToxicologyIntegrative
Pharmacology
Therapeutic Area VP
Organizational Structure“Modified Project Team”
ProjectTeams
PK / ADME ToxicologyIntegrative
Pharmacology
Therapeutic Area VP
In Vivo Pharmacology
Integrative Scientists:Hallmarks of Success
• Strong scientific ability
• Excellent communication skills
• Critical thinking skills
• Flexible expertise
• Depth and Breadth
Top tier, well-published, competitive scientists
Industry SurveyComparing the Presence of Integrative & Organs
Systems vs. Reductionist Scientists: 1991 and 2001
Definitions• Integrative & Organs Systems Scientists (IOSS) are functionally defined as
scientists focusing on scientific approaches whose aim is to understand how intact biological systems function at the level of whole animals, organs, and organ systems (but not in the clinic) or approaches aimed at identifying or describing potential “clinical’ effects using whole animals, organs, and organ systems.
• Reductionist Scientists are functionally defined as scientists focusing on scientific approaches whose aim is to identify molecular and cellular events, studied in purified form or in isolated systems and include genomics, proteomics, biochemistry, and cell biology.
Industry SurveyComparing the Presence of Integrative & Organs
Systems vs. Reductionist Scientists: 1991 and 2001
• Distributed via email to > 120 scientists (“Industry Scientists” per EB 2002 registration) AND to members of the Safety Pharmacology Society.
• 12 respondents:– 6-7 companies represented– Big Pharma– CROs– USA, France, Germany
• Most departments represented likely have an in vivo focus
Industry SurveyComparing the Presence of Integrative & Organs
Systems vs. Reductionist Scientists: 1991 and 2001
Respondents
What title best describes you current position within your Department in 2001?
– Vice President 1
– Division Chief 1
– Department Head/Director 6
– Department Manager 1
– Group/Team Leader 0
– Lab Manager 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7N
um
be
r o
f R
es
po
nd
en
ts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Employees
IOSS-1991
IOSS-2001
Number of Employees in Department
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Employees
Reductionist 1991
Reductionist 2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Employees
Other 1991
Other 2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Employees with Doctorates
1991
2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Employees with Masters
1991
2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Employees with Bachelor's
1991
2001
Numbers of Employees With
Degrees
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8N
um
be
r o
f R
es
po
nd
en
ts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Open IOSS Positions
1991
2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Open "Other" Positions
1991
2001
Number of Open Positions
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Open Reductionist Positions
1991
2001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA <1 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-20 >20
Average Length of Employment (years)
IOSS 1991
IOSS 2001
Reductionist 1991
Reductionist 2001
Other 1991
Other 2001
Length of Employment
How many months to find qualified applicants?
0123456789
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24
IOSS
Reductionist
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24
0
12
34
56
78
9
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24
Others
In General
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er o
f R
esp
on
den
ts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Applicants
IOSS 1991
IOSS 2001
Reductionist 1991
Reductionist 2001
Average number of applicants per open position (total applicants)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Applicants
Applicants with Graduate Degrees
19912001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Applicants
Applicants with Bachelor's Degrees
1991
2001
Average number of applicants per open position:
IOS Scientists
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
4
4.55
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Applicants
Applicants with Graduate Degrees
19912001
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of Applicants
Applicants with Bachelor's Degrees
19912001
Average number of applicants per open position:
Reductionist Scientists
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA 1-12 13-24 25-36 37-48 >49
Number of IOSS Applicants
Qualified 1991
Unqualified 1991
Qualified 2001
Unqualified 2001
Per open IOSS position: qualified vs. unqualified applicants?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sp
on
de
nts
NA YES NO
IOSS - 1991
IOSS - 2001
Reductionist - 1991
Reductionist - 2001
Are salary adjustments made during recruitment?
Industry SurveyComparing the Presence of Integrative & Organs
Systems vs. Reductionist Scientists: 1991 and 2001
Based on the Departments represented in the survey, it is suggested that in Industry:
• A greater number of positions, both filled and open, may exist for BS - MS and Ph.D. level IOS Scientists relative to 1991.
• A greater number of positions for IOS Scientists remain open compared to 1991.
• Duration of recruiting is greater for IOSS than Reductionist or other scientists and compared to 1991. Fewer applicants per position.
• More ‘unqualified’ candidates may be applying for IOSS positions.
• At present, IOS Scientists appear to have longer duration of employment (same company) than Reductionist or other scientists.
