Integrity in Organizations

Humanism in Business Series

The Humanistic Management Network is an international, interdisciplinary, and independent network that promotes the development of an economic system with respect for human dignity and well-being.

The Humanistic Management Network defends human dignity in face of its vulnerability. The dignity of the human being lies in its capacity to define autonomously the purpose of its existence. Since human autonomy realizes itself through social cooperation, economic relations and business activities can either foster or obstruct human life and well-being. Against the widespread objectification of human subjects into human resources, against the common instrumentalization of human beings into human capital and a mere means for profit, we uphold humanity as the ultimate end and principle of all economic activity.

In business as well as in society, respect for human dignity demands respect for human freedom. Collective decision-making, in corporations just as in governments, should hence be based on free and equal deliberation, participation or representation of all affected parties. Concerns of legitimacy must, in economics like in politics, precede questions of expediency.

We believe that market economies hold substantial potential for human development in general. To promote life-conducive market activities, we want to complement the quantitative metrics which hitherto define managerial and economic success with qualitative evaluation criteria that focus on the human dignity of every woman and every man.

As researchers, we work towards a humanistic paradigm for business and economics, trying to identify and facilitate corporate and governmental efforts for the common good.

As a think-tank, we set out to spread intellectual tools for culturally and ecologically sustainable business practices that have the human being as their focal point.

As teachers, we strive to educate, emancipate and enable students to contribute actively to a life-conducive economy in which human dignity is universally respected.

As practitioners, we act towards the implementation of a humanistic economy on an individual, corporate, and governmental level.

As citizens, we engage our communities in discourse about the benefits of a human-centred economy.

Titles include:

BUSINESS SCHOOLS UNDER FIRE

BANKING WITH INTEGRITY

HUMANISTIC MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE

HUMANISTIC ETHICS IN THE AGE OF GLOBALITY

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN BUSINESS

INTEGRITY IN ORGANIZATIONS

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Integrity in OrganizationsBuilding the Foundations for Humanistic Management

Edited by

Wolfgang AmannGoethe Business School, Germany

and

Agata Stachowicz-StanuschSilesian University of Technology, Poland

Selection and editorial content © Wolfgang Amann and Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch 2013Individual chapters © the contributors 2013

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First published 2013 byPALGRAVE MACMILLAN

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Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013

ISBN 978-1-349-44765-7 ISBN 978-1-137-28035-0 (eBook)DOI 10.1057/9781137280350

978-1-137-28034-3

Contents

List of Tables ix

List of Figures x

Preface and Acknowledgments xi

Notes on Contributors xiii

The Humanistic Management Network xxviii

Introduction: Why the Business World Needs More Integrity 1Wolfgang Amann and Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch

Part I Integrity as a Cornerstone in Building Human-centric Organizations

1 Pursuing Organizational Integrity to Create Humanistic Organizations 19

Andrew E. Michael

2 The Circle of Leadership Integrity Within Business Organizations 40

Avraham Cohen, Karen Fiorini, Tom Culham, and Heesoon Bai

3 Humanistic Management, Operational Risk, and Employee Behavior 61

Vincent G. Fitzsimons

4 Integrity for the Common Good: The Missing Link between Neoliberalists and the “Occupy” Discontents 82

Marco Tavanti

5 Integrity, Legitimacy, and Humanistic Management 105 Ernst von Kimakowitz

Part II Business Integrity Across the Organization and Beyond

6 Restoring Trust in Two Australian Organizations: The Cases of Herron and Qantas 119

Greg Latemore

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7 From Practices to Processes: High Performance Work Systems and Integrity 146

Luca Solari and Edoardo Della Torre

8 The Role of Accountability in Fostering Nonprofit Integrity 174 Wolfgang Bielefeld

9 Responsible Corporate Board Governance and Advancing Corporate Integrity Capacity 192

Joseph A. Petrick

Part III Global Suitability, Global Economy, and Integrity

10 Integrating Thinking Globally and Acting Locally to Design a Sustainable Human-Centered Organization 219

Antti Ainamo

11 Stressing the Central Role of Integrity for Successful Firms 230 Ernestina Giudici, Federica Caboni and Bianca Francine

Pollnow Galvao Ramos

Part IV Values and Virtues as Preconditions for Building Humanistic Organizations

12 Integrity as a Core Value in Organizations: The Development and Implementation of a Strong Ethical Culture 251

Mercedes Sánchez-Apellániz, Maria José Charlo, and Miriam Núñez

13 The Importance of Values in Family Businesses in Spreading Ethical Business Paradigms 272

Cinzia Dessì and Michela Floris

14 Spiritual Integrity: Building Blocks for Ethics and Humanism 289 Rakesh Kumar Agrawal

15 The Genesis of Integrity: Values and Virtues Illuminated in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam for Workplace Behavior 307

Susan Schick Case and Jaye Goosby Smith

Part V Integrity and Leadership – Ensuring Dignity in Business

16 Integrity and Leadership 347 Dominic DePersis and Alfred Lewis

Contents vii

17 Leading with Integrity: The Role of Integrity in Building a Humanistic Organization 358

Gil Fairholm

18 Integrity and Leadership: A Positive Development Approach 380 Li-Hwa Hung

19 An Integral Review of Leadership and Integrity 398 Lazarina N. Topuzova and Aditya Simha

20 Humanistic Leadership in Work Organizations 413 Rehana Hayat and Abubakr M. Suliman

Part VI Workplace Integrity

21 Workplace Spirituality: A Best Practice Toward Organizational Integrity 429

Tracy H. Porter and Sharon E. Norris

22 CSR and HRM for Workplace Integrity: Advancing the Business Ethics Agenda 439

Dima Jamali and Ali M. El Dirani

Part VII Corporate Governance and Anti-Corruption Mechanism – Securing

and Enhancing Integrity

23 The Subterfuge of Business Integrity: Legal Complicity with Criminal Organizations in Italy 457

Paolo Canonico, Stefano Consiglio, Ernesto De Nito, and Gianluigi Mangia

24 Integrity and Corporate Governance: Controlling Managers and Meeting Corporate Social Responsibilities 480

Olivier Furrer

25 Corporate Governance and Ethics: The Case of Gatekeepers in the New Global Environment 498

Peter Yeoh

26 The Role of the Board of Directors in Ensuring a Culture of Integrity 526

Natalie Elms and Gavin Nicholson

27 Basic Roots of Managers’ Ethical Competencies 541 Mario Bogdanović

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28 The Hubris Hypothesis of Corporate Social Irresponsibility: Evidence from the Parmalat Case 576

Giovanni Battista Dagnino, Anna Minà, and Pasquale Massimo Picone

Conclusions: Emerging Insights on How to Build More Humanistic Organizations with Integrity 602Wolfgang Amann and Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch

Index 607

List of Tables

6.1 Key comparisons between the two cases of Herron and Qantas 137

9.1 Monotonistic and pluralistic corporate beliefs and values 206 9.2 Corporate board governance best practices and their benefits 21011.1 The sustainable integrity expressed by firms 24312.1 Strategies for ethics management 25920.1 Difference between leadership and management 41522.1 Job screening techniques 44723.1 The ability to control the procurement process 46724.1 Comparison of the different approaches 49325.1 The three main corporate governance models 50125.2 The three main CRA regulatory approaches 51226.1 The three levels of culture 52826.2 Common management reward follies 53527.1 The system of values of different cultures 56227.2 The system of values of the European ethical area 56327.3 Levels of managers’ moral credibility with regard to

the ethical dilemma of fair/right-opportune 56428.1 Four leadership phases of Tanzi at Parmalat 585

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List of Figures

4.1 Common good position among fragmented views 92 4.2 Common good map for ethical integrity discernment 95 5.1 The three-stepped approach to humanistic management 106 7.1 The impact of perceived organizational integrity on HPWS 165 9.1 Corporate integrity capacity as strategic asset 196 9.2 Integrity capacity context for responsible

corporate governance 19811.1 Model of sustainable integrity 23811.2 Fater 24011.3 Ferrero 24111.4 Latte Arborea 24222.1 Internal and external dimensions of CSR 44422.2 Workplace integrity: part of the internal dimension of CSR 44424.1 Shareholder–manager prisoner’s dilemma 48724.2 A firm’s stakeholder groups 48824.3 The pyramid of corporate social responsibilities 49028.1 A conceptual map of managerial Hubris research 57828.2 Hubris trap as background to corporate social irresponsibility 595

x

Preface and Acknowledgments

Both of us are passionate about our industry – management education. We are eager to contribute to the content as well as the to the methodology when it comes to ensuring that business schools continue to use the best means to prepare current and future generations of managers and leaders for the challenges ahead. It is out of discussion in this context that management as well as management education must become more humanistic. We shall always discuss in our programs and courses what it actually means – doing the right things and doing things right. But with major crises over the last decade, ranging from governance scandals around the world to the financial crisis starting in 2007 destroying more than a trillion Euros in wealth and leading to the bankruptcy of countries, cities, companies, and millions of families, we are pressed to adjust our learning trajectories further. There is a dominating view and weight of content that focuses on the functionalist paradigm, spreading exaggerated profit maximization at all cost (and as we shall outline, walking over dead bodies), and ambiguity as to what business is about in a boundary-free global market economy. This book can obvi-ously neither stop this development nor represent a panacea for all these trends and related phenomena. It aims to clarify how to increase integrity in organizations and thus make it easier for all leaders and managers interested in performing better in this regard. This includes practitioners as much as the next generation of graduates in business programs. This book presents answers and hopefully substantial amounts of inspiration and motivation when it comes to building more humanistic organizations. There are plenty of sound resources issuing a normative call for more humanism. We have contributed to them and published our own. What is needed now are clear guidelines and learning opportunities on how to make humanistic organi-zations a reality, beyond the call for that being necessary!

In preparing and compiling this comprehensive resource, we could rely on fruitful discussions with close peers. We thank them for their interesting insights, readiness, and eagerness to contribute to building more human-istic management as a body of knowledge as well as actually more human-istic organizations in reality. A special thank you goes to the co-founders of the Humanistic Management Network, members Claus Dierksmeier, Michael Pirson, Ernst von Kimakowitz, Heiko Spitzeck, and Shiban Khan as well as Palgrave Macmillan, the publisher of several volumes in this series on humanistic management, for all of the support. Furthermore, we thank our fellow members of the UN PRME working group on anti-corruption for constructive and motivating discussions on how to make progress in our

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field. We are also grateful to all reviewers for their diligent work and support: Rakesh Kumar Agrawal, Antti Ainamo, Gwendolyn Yvonne Alexis, Gulem Atabay, Wolfgang Bielefeld, Almeida Castelo Branco, Federica Caboni, Burcu Guneri Cangarli, Paolo Canonico, Susan Schick Case, Andrew Chan, Maria José Charlo, Tom Cockburn, Avraham Cohen, Gustavo Gonzalez Couture, Tom Culham, Giovanni Battista Dagnino, Catarina Delgado, Edoardo Della Torre, Dominic DePersis, Cinzia Dessì, Ali M. El Dirani, Veronica Durana-Angel, Natalie Elms, Gil Fairholm, Gerhard Fink, Jay Finkelman, Karen Fiorini, Vincent G. Fitzsimons, Michela Floris, Olivier Furrer, Roberto Galang, John Garrick, Ernestina Giudici, Frederick D. Greene, Rehana Hayat, Yi-Hui Ho, Li-Hwa Hung, Khosro S. Jahdi, Dima Jamali, Louise Kelly, Ernst von Kimakowitz, Francisco J. Lara, Alfred Lewis, Les Livingstone, Gianluigi Mangia, Teresa Martinelli-Lee, William B. Mesa, Andrew E. Michael, Anna Minà, Manuel Emílio Mota, Josef Naef, Gavin Nicholson, Kohei Nishikawa, Ernesto De Nito, Sharon E. Norris, Miriam Núñez, Peter Odrakiewicz, Abiola Ogunyemi, Joseph A. Petrick, Pasquale Massimo Picone, Tracy H. Porter, Carolyn E. Predmore, Michal Raz, Jacob Rendtorff, Damian Riviez, Amitt Rotman, Janet L. Rovenpor, Mercedes Sánchez-Apellániz, David Schnarch, Throstur Olaf Sigurjonsson, Aditya Simha, Jaye Goosby Smith, Luca Solari, Helena Desivilya Syna, Kim Tokarski, Lazarina N. Topuzova, Edgar Gray Wilson, Peter Yeoh, and Maurice Yolles. Last, but not least, this volume would not have been possible without all of our peers who graciously contributed their special expertise in the form of chapters. We acknowledge their intense efforts!

Notes on Contributors

Editors

Wolfgang Amann graduated from the Harvard Institute for Management and Leadership in Education and from the University of St. Gallen’s doctorate program in international management. After years in top management consulting, Amann has been marketing, designing, directing, and deliv-ering executive education seminars for more than a decade. He was previ-ously a strategy professor at the Henley Centre for Creative Destruction and was the vice-director of the Executive School at the University of St. Gallen. He has also been a visiting professor in the field of international strategy and sustainability at Hosei University in Tokyo, Tsinghua in Beijing, the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore, ISP St. Petersburg, Warwick Business School and Henley Business School in the United Kingdom, as well as Mzumbe University in Tanzania. He now serves as the executive academic director of executive education and faculty at the Goethe Business School of the University of Frankfurt. He has written more than a hundred case studies for his programs, along with a variety of books, such as The Impact of Internationalization on Organizational Cultures (2003), Building Strategic Success Positions (2005), The Private Equity Investor as a Strategy Coach (2005), Humanism in Business (2007), Managing Complexity in Global Organizations (2007), Work–Life Balance (2008), Corporate Governance – How to Add Value (2008), Humanism in Business – Perspectives on the Development of a Responsible Business Society (2009), Complexity in Organization – Text and Cases (2011), Business Schools Under Fire – Humanistic Management Education as the Way Forward (2011), Humanistic Management in Practice (2011), New Perspectives on Management Education (2012), and Developing Faculty in Business Schools (2012).

Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch is Associate Professor of Management at the Silesian University of Technology in Poland. She is the head of the Management and Marketing Department. Stachowicz-Stanusch has authored and edited ten books, including co-authoring Contemporary Management – Collaborating in a Networked World (2012), Organizational Immunity to Corruption – Building Theoretical and Research Foundations (2010), and was co-author and co-editor, together with Charles Wankel, of three books: Education for Integrity – Ethically Educating Tomorrow’s Business Leaders (2011), Effectively Integrating Ethical Dimensions into Business Education (2011), and Handbook of Research on Teaching Ethics in Business and Management Education (2011). She is also the author of several research papers in domestic and

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international journals and conference proceedings. She is a reviewer for the Academy of Management (AOM) and European Academy of Management (EURAM) as well as for the Journal of Brand Management and the Journal of Organizational Change Management. Stachowicz-Stanusch is a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Committee on Organizational and Management Sciences, Katowice Department, and PRME Working Group on Anti-Corruption. She is also a co-founder of the Organizational and Management Journal edited by the Silesian University of Technology as well as a member of the editorial board of the Global Management Journal.

Contributors

Rakesh Kumar Agrawal is Associate Professor of Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management at the Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad, India. Endowed with an inquisitive and sensitive mind, he takes a keen interest in exploring and comprehending human behavior, especially in relation to spirituality and higher principles of life. He seeks to relate these to management and management education. Agrawal holds an engineering degree from IIT Bombay, an M.Tech. in behavioral and social sciences from IIT Delhi, and a Ph.D. from IIT Roorkee. He researches in the areas of business ethics, spirituality, and management; organiza-tional stress; and employer branding and has a number of publications to his credit. He is also a recipient of Management Education Leadership Award 2012 for his outstanding contribution to quality-driven holistic education in Human Resource Management.

Antti Ainamo’s research has revolved around design, fashion, and other knowledge-intensive creative industries. He has published in scientific periodicals such as Scandinavian Journal of Management, Scandinavian Economic History Review, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, Organization Science, Journal of Eastern European Management Studies, Human Relations, Building Research & Information, Journal of Marketing Management, and Business Strategy Review. He is also the author of five books and numerous other publications. His ongoing research includes working on public development cooperation and innovation policy, univer-sities and their management, innovative cities, creative firms and cosmopol-itan individuals, as well as how the above kinds of elements may function together as “ecosystems”.

Heesoon Bai obtained her Ph.D. from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada, in Philosophy of Education in 1996. In 2011 she became Full Professor in the Faculty of Education at Simon Fraser University, in Burnaby, BC, Canada. Her areas of specialization are in phil-osophy of education, and she teaches and researches ethics, epistemology,

Notes on Contributors xv

ecology, and Eastern philosophies. As an Asian-Canadian researcher, she is active in East–West dialogue, and promotes cross-cultural, worldview-based, and comparative philosophies in education. She served as the editor of Paideusis, Canadian Journal of Philosophy of Education Society, from 2005 to 2010.

Wolfgang Bielefeld is Professor Emeritus of Nonprofit Management and Philanthropic Studies at Indiana University, Indianapolis. His research interests include the relations between nonprofit organizations and their environments, the dynamics of nonprofit sectors, social entrepreneurship and social enterprise, the development of human service delivery systems, and the social impacts of government human service policies and spending patterns. His work has appeared in numerous publications, including Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, VOLUNTAS, Social Forces, Administration & Society, Policy Studies Review, Policy Studies Journal, and American Behavioral Scientist. He has co-authored (with Joseph Galaskiewicz) Nonprofit Organizations in the Age of Uncertainty – A Study of Organizational Change. The book received the 1999 “Best Book Award” from the Academy of Management’s Public and Nonprofit Division as well as the 1999 Virginia Hodgkinson Research Award from Independent Sector. He also co-authored (with Sheila Kennedy) Charitable Choice at Work: Evaluating Faith-Based Job Programs in the States, which reports on a multi-year project to evaluate the implementation of charitable choice. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Minnesota.

Mario Bogdanović has been employed in business, primary and high school, and college and currently works in the Faculty of Economics at the University of Split. He obtained his Ph.D. from the Faculty of Economics at the University of Split, Croatia, in 2010. He has taught farm manage-ment and marketing, entrepreneurship in agriculture, business ethics, general management, human resources management, and strategic human resources management. He has published more than 40 professional and scientific papers.

Federica Caboni earned her Master’s degree at the University of Cagliari (Italy) in 2010, where currently she is a Ph.D. student in Business Administration (2nd AY). She has attended as a presenter at many confer-ences (e.g. Egos, IABPAD).

Paolo Canonico is Assistant Professor of Organization Studies at the University of Napoli Federico II, Italy, where he currently teaches organiza-tion theory and information systems, and project management topics. He holds a master of science in Information Systems from the London School of Economics, and a doctorate in Business Administration from University of Naples Federico II, Italy. He was a visiting scholar at Copenhagen Business

xvi Notes on Contributors

School (Department of Intercultural Communication and Management), Denmark, and at Linkoping University (Department of Management and Engineering), Sweden. He also held doctoral seminars at BI School of Management, Oslo, Norway. His research interests are broadly related to the study of innovation in project-oriented organizational forms, and to the understanding of the multiple facets of the dark side of business. His work has been published in a variety of scientific journals and edited books. He received the best paper award at the ninth edition of the International Research Network on Organizing by Projects biannual conference (Berlin, 2009).

Susan Schick Case is Associate Professor of Organizational Behavior at the Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, and Associate Professor in the College of Arts and Sciences in both Women’s and Gender Studies and Social Justice programs. Recent research includes gendered discourse in the workplace, appreciative intelligence, barriers to women in science, work–family integration, and religion and business. All focus on valuing differences between and among people and designing systems for effective workplace inclusion. Her newest work draws on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, providing guidelines for behaving ethi-cally with integrity and moral responsibility in business. Based on this work, she was selected as a Kaufman Scholar at the University of Maryland, Center for Financial Policy, for the 2012–13 academic year. An active university professor at all levels (undergraduate, MBA, Ph.D.), consultant, executive coach, and expert witness, Case’s work intersects organizational integrity issues.

Maria José Charlo is Associate Professor in the Department of Accounting and Finance at the University of Seville. She acquired her Ph.D. in 2001 in Business Administration and her thesis was titled “CBR used as a mecha-nism for solving decision-making problems and for constructing models: an empirical study”. She is member of the research group “SEJ 488 Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Success” and is the current leading researcher. Her research interests include corporate social responsibility, diversity management, risk analysis, and loan decisions, with many publi-cations in these fields. She teaches courses at the following official Master’s programs of the University of Seville: Master’s degree in Technologies of Information and Communication and Master’s degree in Accounting and Auditing. She is a member of the board of the Faculty of Tourism and Finance at the University of Seville, and belongs to the Spanish Association of University Teachers of Accounting.

Avraham Cohen is the faculty/coordinator for the Full-Time Masters in Counselling Program at City University of Seattle in Vancouver, BC, Canada. He has over 30 years’ experience in the fields of psychotherapy

Notes on Contributors xvii

and education. His Ph.D. is from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada. His most recent co-authored book is Speaking of Teaching – Inclinations, Inspirations, and Innerworkings (2012). Previous publications include Gateway to the Dao-Field – Essays for the Awakening Educator (2009). He was awarded a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council fellowship in support of his research for 2005–06. He received the 2007–08 President’s Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Discipline of Counselling from the BC Association of Clinical Counsellors and he received the 2006–07 Ted T. Aoki Prize for Outstanding Dissertation in Curriculum Studies. He received the 2008 Professional Article Award from the Canadian Counselling Association for his co-authored article (with Heesoon Bai) titled “Suffering loves and needs company: Daoist and Zen perspectives on the counsellor as companion”, which appeared in the Canadian Journal of Counselling. He has published widely in peer-reviewed journals and has presented his work at national and inter-national conferences.

Stefano Consiglio is Full Professor of Organizational Studies at the University of Napoli Federico II, Italy, where he currently teaches organization theory and human resources topics. Consiglio is Director of the Department of Sociology of the University of Napoli Federico II. His research is in the fields of temporary employment, organizational flexibility, public organizations, and corruption. He studied the transport sector, with reference to local transport and the railway industry. He is a member of the editorial board of Incontri Cesit. He worked as reviewer for some of the most important conferences, such as AoM, Euram, and CMS International Conference. He was a member of the scientific committee of the VII International Critical Studies Conference 2011 held in Naples. His work has been published in a variety of edited books and scientific journals.

Tom Culham, an engineer with a 30-year career, has held a variety of senior business leadership roles including consulting engineer, trade association representative, and forest products manufacturing executive. Culham was the director of materials and logistics at Weldwood of Canada Ltd., a forest products manufacturing company with annual sales of $1 billion. Reporting to the president, he managed logistics and materials procurement expendi-tures and led a supply chain transformation to support realignment of the firm to a customer-centric focus. He completed his Ph.D. in 2012 at Simon Fraser University in the Faculty of Education. His research drew on four areas: virtue ethics, contemplative practices, Daoist philosophy, and peda-gogy of leadership education with an emphasis on emotional intelligence. He is the principal of his management consulting firm and is a sessional instructor for operations management and ethics courses in the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada.

xviii Notes on Contributors

Giovanni Battista Dagnino is Professor in the Department of Economics and Management of the University of Catania, Italy, where he is the coor-dinator of the Ph.D. program. He is also a faculty member of the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM) in Brussels and a fellow of the Strategic Planning Society in London. He held visiting posi-tions at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, Wharton School, London Business School, IESE Business School, Grenoble Ecole de Management, University of Mannheim, and IAE Business School. His research revolves around the strategic theory of the firm, with specific focus on coopetition strategy dynamics, the role of anchor firms and networks in regional innova-tion and development, and the relationships between strategy, governance, and entrepreneurship. He has authored/edited nine books and numerous articles in leading management journals.

Ernesto De Nito is Associate Professor of Organizational Studies at the University “Magna Græcia” in Catanzaro, Italy, where he currently teaches organization theory, information systems, and organizational behavior. He holds a Ph.D. in Organization and Business Administration from University of Napoli Federico II. He was a visiting doctoral student at Viktoria Institute, Goteborg, Sweden. His research is in the areas of knowl-edge management, governance in public organizations, and corruption. He studied the transport sector, with reference to local transport and the role of authorities. He is a member of the editorial board of Incontri Cesit. He has worked as reviewer for conferences, including AoM, Euram, and IFKAD. He has published articles in Journal of Knowledge Management, International Review of Public Administration, Journal of Management and Governance, International Journal of Business Governance, and Ethics, Organization and Management.

Dominic DePersis, Professor of Business Law and International Business at SUNY-Broome, is an instructor of business law, contract law, ethics and health policy, international law and business, and hospitality law, at the undergrad-uate level. He studied under the guidance of the protégé of the founding father of strategic management, Professor H.I. Ansoff, and has an extensive background in teaching, research, grant administration, and law practice. He holds the privilege to practice law in New York, Minnesota, New Jersey, and the District of Columbia. He has lectured internationally in many countries, including Russia, Ukraine, and Taiwan, and has published numerous articles in the fields of law, philosophy of jurisprudence, and management. He has co-led several international grants and serves on several boards. His research interests include international law, anti-corruption laws, jurisprudence, not-for-profit institutions, and human rights.

Cinzia Dessì is Assistant Professor of Project Management and International Marketing at the University of Cagliari, Italy. Her main research interests are

Notes on Contributors xix

related to family business dynamics and their role in the international socio-economic scenario. She has published several articles in journals including Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development and Global Management Journal, working papers including “Intuitive perception and the competi-tive advantage of small family businesses: an exploratory study”, and has co-authored (with Floris M. and Melis G.) a chapter titled “Learning from a wrong consumer perception. Bridging the gap between created value and perceived value”, and published in proceedings of international conferences, including the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA), European Group of Organizational Studies (EGOS), European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM), and the International Academy of Business and Economics (IABE).

Ali M. El Dirani holds a Ph.D. in Management from the University of Southampton, U.K. His doctoral thesis examined the role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). His research/teaching interests now focus on CSR and HRM and their strategic applications and sustainable competitive advantages. He has published in the Hummingbird Journal and presented many peer-reviewed conference papers. He was the winner of the best paper award in the Irish Academy of Management (IAM) annual conference 2011 in Dublin. He is the publisher of a forthcoming book chapter on CSR and diversity management.

Natalie Elms is an assistant researcher at Queensland University of Technology in the area of corporate governance. She has participated in large research projects aimed at understanding how boards operate and is currently undertaking a thesis exploring the link between board diversity and company behaviors. Prior to academia she worked in strategic commer-cial management with large multi-national companies and has lectured in accountancy in Asia and Australia. She sits on the board of a not-for-profit organization and is a professional member of CPA Australia.

Gil Fairholm, Virginia Commonwealth University, is a former practicing leader, who combines this practical work with his research, teaching, consulting, and writing. He has been a city manager and senior executive in two state governments and has consulted extensively in the United States and overseas. His 13 books and over 150 articles about values leadership, management, and power usage flow naturally from his practical work, but reflect a theory-building and even a philosophical bent. Fairholm is also a leading theorist in the new field of Spiritual Leadership.

Karen Fiorini is currently a Ph.D. student in the Philosophy of Education in the Department of Education at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, BC, Canada. She is a certified general accountant who has worked in the not-for-profit and small business community for over 20 years, and works

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with the Certified General Accountants Association of British Columbia, Canada. She presents at professional conferences on topics such as business ethics and work–life balance. Her publications include Work–Life Balance and Well-Being in Public Practice Accounting (2009).

Vincent G. Fitzsimons is Lecturer in Economics at the School of Social and International Studies, University of Bradford, U.K. He studied economics in Manchester and Leeds and has lectured in economics in several universities in the United Kingdom and in Central Europe. He has extensive experi-ence working in transitional economies, where he lectured and worked as a consultant.

Michela Floris is Assistant Professor of Decision Making Processes in Organizations, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Management at the University of Cagliari, Italy. Her main research interests are related to family business dynamics and their role in the international socio-economic scenario. She has published numerous articles in international peer-reviewed journals, several with Cinzia Dessì. She has also presented at meetings including the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA), European Group of Organizational Studies (EGOS), European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management (EIASM), and International Academy of Business and Economics (IABE).

Olivier Furrer is Associate Professor of Strategic Management at the Nijmegen School of Management of the Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He previously held positions at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Birmingham, U.K., Lausanne and Neuchâtel, Switzerland. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Neuchâtel. He has published in the Journal of International Business Studies, Management International Review, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of International Management, and International Journal of Management Reviews, among others. His current research interests are in the areas of international corporate social responsibilities and response strategies in problematic strategic alliances.

Ernestina Giudici is Full Professor of Management and Communication at the University of Cagliari, Italy. She is Dean of the Faculty of Economics, the coordinator of the doctoral program in Management and Business, Head of the Technological Competence Centre on Materials and Production Process at the same university, and a member of the board of directors of the European Community Studies Association. She has published several books, chapters in edited books, and many articles. Her research interests include innovation; the relationship between organizations and their environ-ment; identity; motivation; creativity; ethic; and sustainable development. As a presenter, she has attended many conferences (e.g. EGOS, Academy of Management, QMOD, IABE, etc.).

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Rehana Hayat is Associate Professor at the College of Business, American University in the Emirates, Dubai, UAE. She has 35 years of teaching expe-rience in different cultures and environments. She earned her Ph.D. at Dublin, a Master’s (HONS) in Political Science, a Master’s in Languages, as well as a Master’s in Management from New Zealand. Her current research interests include performance management, teamwork, human resources management, diversity in the workplace, and CSR. She is the author of two textbooks on public administration and civic society and has published numerous articles in international journals. She has been very active at the local level in the UAE and delivered over 30 training courses for top, middle, and lower levels of management on different topics, including performance appraisal, job analysis, and strategic planning. She has worked in Malta, Brunei, and New Zealand.

Li-Hwa Hung is Associate Professor in the Department of Business Administration and Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Ching Yun University in Jhongli City, Taiwan, R.O.C. She received her Ed.D. from the Educational Leadership Doctoral Program at Spalding University in Louisville, Kentucky. Her research interest areas include corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility, organizational behavior, and human resource management.

Dima Jamali is Professor in the School of Business, American University of Beirut, and the chair of the Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship Track. She holds a Ph.D. in Social Policy and Administration from the University of Kent in Canterbury, U.K. Her research and teaching revolve primarily around corporate social responsibility (CSR). She is the author of over 40 articles focusing on different aspects of CSR in the Middle East, which have been published in journals such as British Journal of Management, Corporate Governance – An International Review, Journal of Business Ethics, and Business Process Management. Her research has won her a number of scien-tific awards and honors, including the Abdul Hameed Shoman Award for Best Young Arab Researcher for the year 2010, best paper awards at the Irish Academy of Management (2011) and the American Academy of Management (2008), the British Academy of Management Fellowship for South Asia and Middle East (2007), and the best paper award by North American Case Research Association (2003). She worked as an expert consultant for the United Nations on social policy and CSR as well as various projects funded by the World Bank, the U.S. Agency for International Development, NGOs, and other local public and private firms.

Ernst von Kimakowitz is Director and co-founder of the Humanistic Management Center. His work is focused on advancing the center by devel-oping thought leadership, engaging in higher education activities, and providing advisory services. His scholarly work is grounded in research on

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legitimacy and stakeholder theory as well as integrative economic ethics. Through this he helps equip executives with a moral compass, in support of their efforts toward responsible corporate citizenship. Furthermore, he provides advice on managing stakeholder conflict and establishing and conducting stakeholder dialogues. He has also undertaken scholarly works in development theory and the impact of foreign direct investment in developing countries. His current research activities are centered on further developing the Humanistic Management Center’s approach to human-istic management. He is Lecturer in Leadership Skills at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and is also one of the directors of the Humanistic Management Center’s sister organization, the Humanistic Management Network, an open and collaborative platform aiming to facilitate broad-based progress toward a humanistic business paradigm.

Greg Latemore is Director, Latemore & Associates Pty. Ltd., Organizational and Management Consultants based in Brisbane, Australia. He is also an Industry Fellow at UQ Business School, the University of Queensland, where he co-presents a range of executive leadership programs. He has worked for PricewaterhouseCoopers, the Australian Institute of Management, and was a Catholic priest in the Archdioceses of Brisbane and Melbourne. His academic interests include leadership development and change management. As a consultant, Latemore specializes in leadership development, team building, and executive coaching. His clients include Santos Limited, Queensland Law Society, Spinal Injuries Association, Laing O’Rourke Australia, Thiess Pty. Ltd., and many state and commonwealth government departments.

Alfred Lewis is Professor of Management and Economics, School of Business. Lewis is an award-winning instructor in finance, international business, and strategic management. He studied under the guidance of the founding father of strategic management, H.I. Ansoff. He has published numerous books and articles in the field of banking, entrepreneurship, not-for-profit management, law, international business, and strategic manage-ment. He has led numerous study-abroad programs given the increasingly global economy. He serves on several editorial boards and is editor of the journal Business Strategy Series and associate editor of the British Journal of Management & Economics. His research interests include banking, corporate strategy, not-for-profit institutions, and political economy.

Gianluigi Mangia is Associate Professor of Organization Studies at the University of Naples Federico II, Italy. He holds a Ph.D. in Organization Theory and Management. He was visiting researcher at the London School of Economics, Warwick University, and Cardiff University. In his academic research, he has investigated, from a managerial perspective, the presence of criminal organizations within economic systems. His research articles have appeared in journals in the fields of public administration, public policy, and

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general management, including Journal of Knowledge Management, International Review of Public Administration, Journal of Management and Governance, International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, and Organization and Management. He has served as principal investigator or co-investigator in several research projects and coordinated the organizing committee of the VII International Critical Studies Conference held in Naples in 2011.

Andrew E. Michael is Assistant Professor of Management and Economics at Intercollege Larnaca and the University of Nicosia in Cyprus. He is also an adjunct professor of HRM for the UGSM – Monarch Business School, Switzerland, acting as a Master’s and doctoral thesis supervisor. He has an M.A. in Economics from Northeastern University in Boston, and a Ph.D. in Business Administration with a specialization in HRM. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Organizational Analysis and a member of the Academy of Management, EuroMed Research Business Institute, the Cyprus Human Resource Management Association, the Association for Evolutionary Economics, and the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy. His current research interests include work–life balance, business ethics, perceived organizational support, person–envi-ronment fit, locus of control, and workplace diversity.

Anna Minà obtained her Ph.D. in Business Economics and Management from the University of Catania, Italy. She has been a visiting scholar at NYU’s Stern School of Management. She received her M.Sc. (2008) and B.Sc. (2005) degrees in Economics and Management from the University of Palermo and was awarded magna cum laude. Her research revolves around strategy microfoundations, coopetition strategy dynamics, with a specific emphasis on reification and social construction processes, the emergence of coopetition in inter-firm network level and channel relations.

Gavin Nicholson is an experienced director, governance researcher, and board consultant. He has published extensively in the leading journals of his field and oversees several large research projects aimed at understanding how boards operate. He has provided advice on corporate governance and strategy to listed and large public companies, government-owned corpora-tions, statutory authorities, not-for-profit organizations, and local govern-ment. He has published extensively in the area of corporate governance, co-authoring two books, Boards That Work – A New Guide for Directors and Board, Director and CEO Evaluation, and a manual for boards seeking to implement the ASX Corporate Governance Principles. An active speaker on both practical and academic governance issues, he has presented his work in Australasia, Africa, Europe, and North America.

Sharon E. Norris is Assistant Professor of Business and director of Graduate Studies, MBA Programs with the Gainey School of Business at Spring Arbor

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University. She holds a Ph.D. in Organizational Leadership with a major in Human Resource Development from Regent University’s School of Global Leadership and Entrepreneurship. Topics of her recent publications include leading change, leadership development, impression management, self-monitoring, and global human resource development. She has presented her research at regional, national, and international conferences and received various awards for her academic achievements.

Miriam Núñez is Associate Professor of Accounting in the Department of Accounting and Finance at the University of Seville, where she obtained her Ph.D. in 1999. Her thesis was titled “The role of individuals in the institu-tionalization of accounting practices: the case of the gunpowder monopoly in New Spain in the eighteenth century”. She is a founding member of the research group SEJ 488 Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Success. Her research interests include corporate social responsibility, accounting history, management accounting, and gender, with many publi-cations in these fields. She teaches courses at the following official Master’s programs of the University of Seville: Master’s degree in Advanced Studies in Business Administration and Master’s degree in Accounting and Auditing. She is a member of the Spanish Women’s Association of Researchers and Technologists, the Spanish Association of University Teachers of Accounting, and is on the board of the School of Economics and Business at the University of Seville.

Joseph A. Petrick is Professor of Management and International Business and executive director of the Institute for Business Integrity in the Raj Soin College of Business at Wright State University. He earned his Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University as a Woodrow Wilson Fellow and his MBA from the University of Cincinnati, with graduate studies at the University of Bonn, Germany, and the University of Tokyo, Japan. He has published in the Journal of Business Ethics, Business and Professional Ethics, Business and Society Review, Academy of Management Executive, and Journal of Corporate Citizenship and co-authored four books including Management Ethics – Integrity at Work. His research focuses on the fields of business ethics, integrity capacity theory, responsible corporate leadership, and sustainable stakeholder capitalism. He has worked as a manager and organizational ethics consultant in the private, public, and nonprofit sectors and taught business ethics at the undergrad-uate, graduate, and executive education levels domestically and globally.

Pasquale Massimo Picone obtained his Ph.D. in Business Economics and Management at the University of Catania. He was a visiting scholar at Texas A&M University. His research interests include diversification strategy with a specific emphasis on conglomerate diversification, the role of leadership as moderate factor in the relation between diversity and performance, and managerial hubris seen as an antecedent of diversification paths.

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Tracy H. Porter is a college associate lecturer with the Monte Ahuja College of Business at Cleveland State University. She has extensive experience teaching at the graduate and undergraduate levels and has worked as a management consultant for numerous organizations. She received her Ph.D. in Organizational Leadership with a focus on Human Resource Development from Regent University. She has presented her research at both regional and international conferences and has published her work in scholarly and practitioner-oriented publications. Her current research interests are in lead-ership development, workplace spirituality, impression management, and sustainability.

Bianca Francine Pollnow Galvao Ramos is a Ph.D. student in Business Administration (2nd AY) at the University of Cagliari (Italy). She has written a paper entitled “How teachers and student may work to build a more sustainable world”, presented at the 14th Conference Toulon-Verona, Alicante (Spain, 2011).

Mercedes Sánchez-Apellániz is Associate Professor of Business Adminis-tration at the Department of Business Administration and Marketing of the University of Seville. She obtained her Ph.D. in 1995; her thesis was titled “Women managers and organizational culture: towards a new vision of management”. She is member of research group SEJ 488 Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Success, where she was the leading researcher during 2010–11. Her research interests include gender and diver-sity management in organizations and corporate social responsibility, with many publications in these fields. She teaches courses at the following official Master’s programs of the University of Seville: Master’s degree in Strategic Management and International Business’ Master’s degree in Gender Studies and Career Development’ and Master’s degree in Equality Issues. She is member of the European Academy of Management and Business Economics and the gender and diversity interest groups of the Academy of Management.

Aditya Simha is Assistant Professor of Organizational Leadership at Gonzaga University. He obtained his Ph.D. in Business Administration from Washington State University. His research interests are in business ethics, entrepreneurship, perceptions and attitudes, and management history. He has published in the Journal of Management History, Journal of Academic Ethics, and has his work currently under review at the Journal of Business Ethics and Business Ethics – A European Review.

Jaye Goosby Smith received her Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and currently teaches at Pepperdine University, in the Seaver College Business Administration Division. Her current research focuses on workplace diversity and military veterans’ issues. As a consultant, she specializes in face-to-face and computer-mediated diversity education

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through small-group dynamics and a train-the-trainer program design. She is a board member for Interface Children’s and Family Services and a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, American Mensa, and the National Society of Black Engineers. She is a volunteer with American Red Cross of Ventura County and a frequent public speaker.

Luca Solari is Full Professor of Organization Theory at the University of Milan, Italy where he acts as Rector’s delegate for continuous learning. He sat on the Academic Senate and the University Board. He has been researching innovation and change processes at the organizational level and the reshaping of employee–organization relations in contemporary organizations with a distinctive focus on the evolution of the role of Human Resource Management.

Abubakr M. Suliman is currently the head of MSc HRM at the British University in Dubai. He has authored or co-authored over 80 publications that address conflict management, emotional intelligence, organizational justice and leadership in the Middle East and Africa. He is a member of the editorial boards, a referee, and co-editor of numerous journals based in the Middle East, Europe, and North America. He has also designed and delivered over 100 training courses for top, middle, and lower levels of management on topics that include performance appraisal, job analysis, and strategic planning. He worked as an advisor for the General Secretary, UAE University during 2001–04, and between 2000 and 2007 he was a faculty member of the College of Business, UAE University and Faculty of Management, University of Sharjah. Previously, he was a researcher at Liverpool Business School, U.K. He has studied, researched, and worked in different parts of the world and has a keen interest in developing a more general understanding of the management concepts across cultures.

Marco Tavanti is Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Public Service at DePaul University, Chicago. He is a Senior Wicklander Business Ethics Fellow for the Institute for Business and Professional Ethics (IBPE) and President of the World Engagement Institute, a nonprofit dedicated to human security and sustainable international development. As Research Director of the Hay Leadership Project he conducted an appreciative inquiry identifying value-based leadership practices in universities and service insti-tutions of the Vincentian Family. He also consults for ethical organizational capacity building and intercultural board leadership development. He has published more than 30 studies in the fields of international development, organizational ethics, and value leadership.

Lazarina N. Topuzova is Assistant Professor of Organizational Leadership at Gonzaga University. Topuzova holds a Ph.D. in Social Work from the University of Utah and has worked internationally on educational program

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development, capacity building and conflict resolution skills training, as well as grassroots community leadership development. Her research inter-ests and expertise are in developing leadership capacity in community and grassroots organizations as well as competency-based and online education. She has published in the Journal of Academic Ethics, and is also the co-editor of AUDEM – The International Journal of Higher Education and Democracy.

Edoardo Della Torre is Assistant Professor of Organization Theory and Human Resource Management at the University of Bergamo, Italy. He obtained his Ph.D. in Labour Sciences at the University of Milan. His current research areas of interest include the new forms of work organization, their effects on the firms and the workers, and the relationships between human resource management and industrial relation systems at company level.

Peter Yeoh has been involved with the School of Law, Social Sciences and Communications, University of Wolverhampton, as researcher and lecturer in corporate and financial services law for more than a decade. He teaches at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels (including serving as a Ph.D. supervisor). He has published in more than a dozen journals and presented more than 20 academic conference papers across the United Kingdom and continental EU. He worked in the business world for more than two decades before joining academia. He has degrees in economics, marketing, manage-ment, and law, Master’s degrees in business administration and corporate law; a PG teaching certificate; and a doctorate in corporate and financial services law.

The Humanistic Management Network

The Humanistic Management Network is an international, interdisciplinary, and independent network that promotes the development of an economic system in service of human dignity and well-being. We subscribe to the following positions.

The Humanistic Management Network defends human dignity in the face of its vulnerability. The dignity of the human being lies in its capacity to define autonomously the purpose of its existence. Since human autonomy realizes itself through social cooperation, economic relations and business activities can either foster or obstruct human life and well-being. Against the widespread objectification of human subjects into human resources, against the common instrumentalization of human beings into human capital and a mere means for profit, we uphold humanity as the ultimate end and principle of all economic activity.

In business as well as in society, respect for human dignity demands respect for human freedom. Collective decision making, in corporations just as in governments, should hence be based on free and equal deliberation, participation, or representation of all affected parties. Concerns of legiti-macy must, in economics as in politics, precede questions of expediency.

We believe that market economies hold substantial potential for human development in general. To promote life-conducive market activities, we want to complement the quantitative metrics which hitherto define mana-gerial and economic success with qualitative evaluation criteria that focus on the human dignity of every woman and every man.

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