integumentary system
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Integumentary System. Integumentary System : Skin skin is the ________ ________ in the body. Also included are the ______________organs: hair, _________ glands, ___________ glands, ______ and variations. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Integumentary System
Integumentary System :Skin
skin is the ________ ________ in the body.
Also included are the ______________organs: hair,
_________ glands, ___________ glands, ______ and variations
Functions of the Skin:
The study of skin is ______________________.
The skin has a variety of functions including:*barrier against ______________________________*protects ____________________ from __________*prevents the body from _____________*inhibits excess ________intake (from aquatic species)*regulates _________________*receptor for sensations of _______, _______, ______, __________, and _________.*disposal of _____________ products
The body produces ________ by metabolizing ingested food. The amount of heat produced is the result of the amount of _______ done by the _________.
Most of body heat is lost by:
_______________________: heat energy is transmitted as rays
to the surrounding areas.
___________________: heat energy passes by ___________________ through a non-moving medium.Eg: when an animal lies on a cold surface it loses heat directly to that surface.Or when an animal is lying on a surgery table the heat is lost directly to the surface of the table and through the incision made
__________________: Heat transfer occurs in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one _________________________. This is the heat loss responsible for the wind chill factor
_____________________; heat is lost as perspiration or other ____________on the
skin. Air currents can _________________evaporative heat loss
through convection.
Most of the remainder of heat loss occurs through
______________________________ and lesser amounts lost through
__________________ and __________________tracts.
The skin is composed of _____layers:The ______________: is the outer, thinner layer.The _____________: is the thicker inner layer.
Composition of skin
epidermis
dermis
The __________________: is made up of ___________________________ epithilial tissue,the layers from the dermis outward are:
The cells in this inner most layer multiply _________________ to compensate for the constant loss of cells from the __________ of the _______________. These cells push upward into each layer and eventually die.
Stratum germinativum - ____________
The cells begin to __________ and draw apart. This layer is only ___or ___cells thick. It is thicker on parts of the body that endure ___________wear, like __________.
Stratum spinosum: _____________
Stratum granulosum: ____________________The cells in this layer contain _______________visible in the _____________. This layer may not be present in some areas of thin skin._____________________ or _____________ packs the cells with fibrous protein called ____________.
Stratum lucidum: _____________________This layer is made up of closely packed ____________ cells. This layer is found in tissue that endure ____________ wear.
Stratum corneum: ______________________This layer is made of flat, lifeless, _______________ cells. They appear as overlapping dry __________ that make up the outer skin layer. If ________________, they will prevent the entrance of microorganisms.________________________ gives the special epidermal parts (hooves, horns, beaks) their strength.
Cornified
Skin color is determined by the amount of ______________ in the stratum ____________________ layer. _______________, the sun and some ______________ affect the skin color
The absence of normal pigmentation is called _______________. True albinism prevents pigmentation of the _________, _______ and ________. This condition may be associated with other lethal traits as well as a lack of protection from the ____________.
Skin color can also be affected by the ___________________. Eg: Skin color can take on a ________ hue (____________) when oxygen supply is compromised
The dermis (____________), is made up of dense, fibrous, __________________ tissue containing _________ vessels and ___________. Small involuntary muscles (___________________) are attached to the hair follicles. When these muscles contract, the hairs stiffen. This increases the animals ability to ____________ itself against ______________.
_____________ glands, ___________ glands, ________________ receptors are found in the ____________ layer.
The __________________ layer under the ____________ is the ________________ or ____________. It consists of loose ________________ tissue and ______________tissue.
Skin structure differs throughout the body. It is _____________, _________________, and varies in _________________.
HairMammals have three types of
hair.*___________________*___________________*___________________
_____________ hairs are also called __________ hairs and these make up the top coat. These hairs are _______ with a smooth appearance. This arrangement allows rain to run off the coat preventing ___________ of the animal
________________ hairs are also called ___________ hairs and make up the _____________. These hairs are soft, thin and wavy.
___________ hair are usually thicker and longer than primary hair and is most often found around the _________ . These hairs grow deep from the ______________ or superficial muscle layer and act as a __________ receptor.
Hair develops from the hair ____________, located at the base of the hair follicle. Cells at the base increase, push upward and _____________, forming the visible hair shaft. Hair follicles are positioned at ___ – ___ degree angle to the skin.
There are two arrangements for hair growth:
______________: primary hairs grow from ___________follicular openings______________: two to five _______ hairs erupt from a single follicle. And are surrounded by clusters of ________ hairs.
Hair ________ is important for ______________ regulation. In general, lighter color coats are __________.Animal hair grows in ____________. Five factors affecting the shedding cycle: _____________, _____________, ___________, ___________, state of ___________.
____________ glands are _____________ organs of the skin that cool the body.______________ sweat glands are found throughout the body and secrete a strong smelling substance in the hair
____________ sweat glands are coiled tubular structures embedded in the ___________ and produce a watery sweat. These glands are found in limited areas usually the ___________ and ____________.
The ________________ glands secrete a substance called _________ which _____________ the skin and hair, _____________ the coat, gives the coat a glossy sheen, increases the spread of __________, slows ______________ growth, and serves as a _____________ marker.
Examples of these glands are:
______________ glands:These glands are found in the ________ of cats. During grooming or when a cat rubs it’s head against and object, the secretion is deposited to mark territory
_________ glands:These glands produce a _______ odor that attracts females to males during breeding season. They are located ________________ to the horn base.
__________ sacs:These are ____________ pouches that express a foul smelling fluid that is expressed during ____________ and is used as a ___________ marker.
________________ glands:These are classified as modified ________ glands. They are located in the external _______ canal. It excretes a yellowish waxy substance called _________ (earwax).
Nails, Claws and Hooves.All three of these structures have the following parts in common:
*____________*____________*____________
In _____________ the nail is the wall and it grows from the ____________. The sole is located beneath the _______ at the open end. The pad corresponds with the ___________ tips
In carnivores the ________ is the wall, which has been compressed ______________. The sole is the
underside of the wall and is _________ in texture. The pad
corresponds to the __________ pads
______________ animals have well developed footpads.
________________ animals include cats and dogs. Only the
digital and metacarpal pads make ground contact
_____________ include hoofed animals
The _______ is the wall, the _________ is the underside of
the hoof, the ___________ is the bulb or heel.
______________, _____________, and __________ are modified
epidermal structures. In the dog and pig, the __________ has a
rudimentary bone. In ruminants the dewclaws are like miniature hooves and they serve no practical purpose