intellingent microgrid labs in aalborg university

Qobad Shafiee

PhD Student

Department of Energy Technology

Aalborg University

[email protected]

INTELLIGENT MICROGRID LABS IN AALBORG UNIVERSITY

Aalborg University: A One-Stop Shop to the Research on Smart-Grid

Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 2

1. MicroGrid Concept and Examples

2. MicroGrid Research in Aalborg University

3. MicroGrid Labs and Activities


General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation” What is a Microgrid?

Renewable Energy Resources Energy Storage

Systems

Loads

Power Distribution Network

Main Grid UPS

Power Electronics

Intelligent Bypass Switch

(IBS)

Batteries

Programmable Loads

Thermal and Compressed Air System

Communication System


General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation” What is a Microgrid? Renewable Energy Resources Energy Storage

Systems

Loads


Main Grid UPS

Power Electronics


(IBS)

Batteries

Programmable Loads



Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 7 04-10-2012 7

General aspects of a MicroGrid: “Definition and Operation”

MicroGrids are helpful to Increase integration of Distributed Generation resources.

Increase security and tolerance to faults. Power quality and system reliability. Decentralized Power Management: how to generate an amount of

power in a lot of places, rather than a lot of power in one place.


Hachinohe Project • Tecnnology demo

• GT+Biomass+PV+WT+BAT

• Load – 610 kW (Sewage Plant+Schools)


Sendai Project 1 MW Microgrid with sensitive loads!


Sendai Project

1 MW Microgrid with sensitive loads!


Jeju Island Pilot Project


Kynthos Island

Remote location

PV resource + storage


- 4,000 people - 22 villages - 11 x 1MW-WT - 10 x 2MW offshore WT

The turbines supply more power than the residents need. Exports 80 million kWh wind-produced electricity annually.

Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 15

Main power system components of Bornholm Island: 132/60 kV substation in Sweden connection between Sweden and Bornholm 60 kV network 10 kV network 0.4 kV network loads customers generation units control room communication system biogas plant “Biokraft” district heating systems

04-10-2012

Bornholm Island


~

Battery bank

Inverters 250 kW

Gear

Squirrel cage induction generator

IG

Wind World 220kW 50Hz 690V three phase

9kW Water -tank 2 m 3

Load control

Water -tank 2 m 3

Water -tank 2 m 3

Switc

h Sw

itch

Switc

h

Water -tank 2 m 3 Sw

itch

T

9kW T

9kW T

9kW T

Temperature

Available energy

On/Off

Turbine control

Fixed capacitors 86kVAr

Water -tank 2 m 3 Sw

itch

9kW T

~ = = Average wind speed ~ 9.4 m/s

220 kW Wind Turbines

Generation 950 MWh per year

Faroe Island


Aalborg University was created through a merger of a number of well-established institutions, combined with the establishment of a number of new faculties in 1974. Aalborg University was characterised by its well-reputed education form of problem based project work – also known as the Aalborg model, and by extensive collaboration with the surrounding society. The number of students is around 15,000.


• Approximately 40 faculty members • Approximately 70 PhD students • More than 20 guest researchers • Approximately 20 TAPs (technical administrative employees) • Approximately 250 students • More than 50 on-going collaboration projects • Approximately 50% of the turnover comes from external projects

Organisation – Department of Energy Techonolgy

Electric Power

Systems

Wind Turbine Systems

Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy

Biomass

Photovoltaic Systems and Microgrids

Modern Power Transmission Systems

Smart Grids and Active Networks

Fuel Cell and Battery Systems

Automotive and Industrial Drives

Thermal Energy

Systems

Power Electronic Systems

Electrical Machines

Fluid Power Mechatronic

Systems

Mechanics and

Combustion

Multi-disciplinary Research Programmes


John K. Pedersen, Head of the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University.

Research Fields Wind Power Systems, Prof. Zhe Chen Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy, Ass. Prof. Henrik C. Pedersen Biomass, Prof. Lasse Rosendahl Photovoltaic Systems, Prof. Remus Teodorescu Modern Power Transmission Systems, Prof. Claus Leth Bak Smart Grids and Active Networks, Ass. Prof. Birgitte Bak-Jensen Fuel Cell and Battery Systems, Prof. Søren Knudsen Kær Automotive and Industrial Drives, Ass. Prof. Kaiyuan Lu Efficient and Reliable Power Electronics Prof. Frede Blaabjerg Thermoelectrics, Research Ass. Paw Mortensen Green Buildings, Ass. Prof. Carsten Bojesen Microgrids, Prof. Josep M. Guerrero

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/wind-power-systems/introduction/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/fluid-power-in-wind-and-wave-energy/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/biomass/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/photovoltaic-systems-micro-grids/


http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/modern-power-systems/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/smart-grids-active-networks/introduction/



http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/fuel-cell-systems/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/automotive-and-industrial-drives/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/efficient-and-reliable-power-electronics/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/thermoelectrics/

http://www.et.aau.dk/research-programmes/green-buildings/introduction/



Staff members: Josep Guerrero, Professor Juan Vasquez, Assistant Professor

Post Doc 1 Tomislav DC MicroGrids Energy storage

PhD 1 Qobad Shafiee Secondary Control Networked Control

PhD 3 Wu Dan Primary Control Virtual impedance

PhD 4 Chendan Li Communications Agents

PhD 6 Solangi Energy Policy for MicroGrids

PhD 5 Erum Protections SCADA system

Post Doc 2 Fen Tang Wind-Powered MicroGrids

Post Doc 3 Quino Eloy Power Quality in MicroGrids

PhD 7 Nelson Diaz Energy storage for MicroGrids

PhD 2 Lexuan Meng Tertiary Control EMS Optimization


Hierarchical Control for MicroGrids

Primary Control

Tertiary Control

Secondary Control

Primary Control: Modeling + Inner loops + droop Control (P/Q Sharing). Secondary Control: - f/V Restoration (Island) : Set-points assignation from MGCC to the DGs . - Synchronization (Island to grid Connected mode) Tertiary Control: Power Import/export from/to the grid.


HIERARCHICAL CONTROL

Primary control

DG units

+

_

Grid Measurements

PLL

Secondary control

Supervisory control

DG units Primary control

References

Energy Management System (EMS)

Tertiary control

Low Bandwidth Communications


Issues in a Microgrid

Problem: Harmonics in Microgrids Possible solutions:

- Microgrids needs to supply nonlinear currents (Ancillary Services)

- One DG unit could give more harmonics than another. (harmonic current sharing)

- Voltage Harmonic Reduction (Control strategies for HC) DG DG PCC 1 2


Issues in a Microgrid Problem: Unbalances in Microgrids Possible solutions:

- By means of sec. control, PCC voltage unbalances can be compensated by control signals to the primary level.

- PCC voltage data and the control signal are transmitted to/from secondary level through low bandwidth communication links.

- Voltage Unbalance Compensation (Control strategies) PCC After UC PCC Before UC


Grid Simulator for Power Quality Assessment of MicroGrids

Harmonic Distortion 10% 5th harmonic

Unbalanced Voltages 70% remaining voltage

Voltage Sags 20% depth in 550 ms

Flicker Sinusoidal 10V 8 Hz


Networked Control Systems Centralized Control Distributed control

Issues in a Microgrid


To MicroGrid

Virtual Impedance Loop

Pow

er

Calc

ulat

or

Freq

uenc

y Co

ntro

l

Prim

ary

Cont

rol

1,i

N

DGi i k

f

MGf MGE

1N

1,i

N

DGi i k

E

1,i

N

DGi i k

Q

iP

k Ek Es

iP

k Qk Qs

Volta

ge C

ontr

ol

Reac

tive

Pow

er sh

arin

g

CVLi oi

Dist

ribut

ed S

econ

dary

Con

trol

kD

G

Communication Link

iP

k fk fs

kD

GE

kD

GQ

kDGfkDGE

kDGQkD

Gf

1 2, ,...,

nDG DG DGf f f1 2, ,...,

nDG DG DGE E E1 2, ,...,

nDG DG DGQ Q Q

Voltage Reference

sin( )E t

Voltage loopCurrent loop

E

f

Q

P

PWM

Inner loops

1N

1N

Droop Control

refV

Josep M. Guerrero [email protected]

DG1

DG2

04-10-2012 29

Frequency Restoration Only with Primary Control (Freq. Deviations caused by multiple load connection)

Distributed Secondary Control for Islanded MicroGrids

Amplitude Restoration Only with Primary Control (Amp. Deviations caused by multiple load connection)

DG1

DG2

Performance of DSC when Active and Reactive Powers are shared between DGs DSC Enabled

DG1


Centralized Vs Distributed Secondary Control Time Delay Central Secondary Control Distributed Secondary Control

200 ms

2 sec.

Frequency Restoration

Reactive power DG1,2




4 sec.

Time Delay Central Secondary Control Distributed Secondary Control



Centralized Vs Distributed Secondary Control


Timbus et Al. Management of DER Using Standarized Communications and modern Technologies

04-10-2012 32

Issues in a Microgrid Communications IEEE 37-bus model

The gateway computer contains: communication model provided by IEC 61850 & IEC 61400-25 to describe the physical devices in the network model.


Issues in a Microgrid New communication algorithm


Protections

Architecture of the MicroGrid with four different zones of protection where all the breakers in a given bus is involved in bus protection.


DC MicroGrid


DC MicroGrid

• Complete control over the common voltage

• Batteries operated to provide voltage-support at moderate states of charge (SoCs)

• Renewables (PV, WTG) provide voltage-support during regulated charging of batteries, othervise with MPPT algorithms

• With coordination of charging, batteries are charged in a round-robin manner

Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 37 04-10-2012

Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 39 04-10-2012 39

Green Power Lab (GPL)

AC MG setup


Green Power Lab (GPL) dSPACE control desk


DC MG setup

• Platform for emulating low voltage DC MGs has been created: • Telecommunication and data-center

facilities, EHVs, rural areas

• Voltage ranges: 48V – 380V

• dSPACE 1103 has multiple functionalities: • Real-time converter level control

• Advanced algorithms development using Matlab/Stateflow

• Real-time simulation of distributed energy resources (DERs)

• Up to 6 DC/DC converters operating in parallel

• Grid connection of DC MGs

Green Power Lab (GPL)


Flexible MicroGrid

DC power line

AC power line

4x Danfoss 4x2kW

dSPACE

DC-AC bidirection power converter

TRAF

.…

dSPACE


WiFi

Fiber optics dSPACE +

Ethernet Interface

DC power line AC power line

PLC

Communication Module

Ethernet Ethernet

Distributed Generation Units

SmartMeter Kamstrup

Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 44

Gas Turbine 2x30kW Solar PV

30kW

AC Microgrid DC Microgrid (400V-600V)

FlowBattery 10kW

Flywheel 60kW

Zigbee

Protections Thermal Communication

Programmable Loads

Heat Pumps

380V - 400Vdc

AC Microgrid DC Microgrid

FC 50kW

600 Vdc

End-Use Appliances 3-Blade 30kW Gas

Supply

Thermal Storage

Unit

Compressed Air

Batteries Ni-Salt

SmartMeters

x6 150kW

MGDK Central

Controller

Utility Main Grid

Internet (Remote Access)

HAN

SMES

Generation 150kW

Storage 320kW

Total 470kW

200kW R = 40kW L = 50kVAr C = 10kVAr

Qbeak Electric Vehicle

21kW 3kW

Electric Boiler

42kW

Cooling/Heat dump

Heat Recovery

Vertical - 75kW

RTDS Technologies

Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] 04-10-2012 45 Juan Carlos Vasquez - Assistant Professor in Microgrids 45


- Distributed Control of an Intelligent Microgrid Plant ( Vasque country – Spain)

The MicroGrid to be implemented will have an installed generation power of 300 kW and will be composed of a generators and loads system that will be able to operate connected to the electric distribution network or in isolated way. Integration of Power line communication, distributed generators, electrical vehicle integration, Wi-Fi (MESH network). - Increasing wind energy penetration level using pumped hydro storage in an islanded microgrid (Faroe Island)

Collaborations with Companies


MicroGrid Courses

Nov. 5 – Nov. 6 Nov. 26 – Nov. 27


MicroGrid Courses

Nov. 7 – Nov. 8


Thank you for your attention!

For cooperation or further information, please contact us: [email protected]

intellingent microgrid labs in aalborg university

Documents

multiple load connection

provide voltage

control strategies

primary control

sensitive loads

aalborg university 3

deviations caused

guerrero joz