An Interactive ApproachBy Nurhuda Tajudin781018016102

What is reading?The ability to successfully generate meaning from text.

What is fluent reading?The ability to read at an appropriate rate with adequate comprehension

What is strategic reading?The ability of the reader to use a wide variety of reading strategies to accomplish a purpose for reading

What is the goal of reading?

Comprehension

Factors that influence reading comprehension:The readerThe textInteraction between the reader and the text:StrategiesSchemaPurpose for readingManner of readingFluency

Models of ReadingBottom-up processing (decoding)

Top-down processing

Interactive approach

Bottom-up ProcessingReader builds meaning from the smallest units of meaning to achieve comprehension.

Exampleletters letter clusters words phrases sentences longer text meaning = comprehension

Top-down ProcessingReader generates meaning by employing background knowledge, expectations, assumptions, and questions, and reads to confirm these expectations.

ExamplePre-reading activities (i.e. activating schema, previewing, and predicting) + background knowledge (cultural, linguistic, syntactic, and historical) = comprehension

Interactive ApproachReader uses both bottom-up and top-down strategies simultaneously or alternately to comprehend the text.

ExampleReader uses top-down strategies until he/she encounters an unfamiliar word, then employs decoding skills to achieve comprehension.

Interactive Approach

Knowledge base + bottom-up strategies + top-down strategies = comprehension

The reader must be competent in both bottom-up and top-down processing.

Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Top-down

Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Bottom-up

Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Bottom-upTop-down

Interaction (balance) of bottom-up and top-down strategies:Bottom-upTop-downBottom-up strategies(phonicsapproach)________________

Examples: decoding using capitalization to infer proper nouns graded reader approach pattern recognition

Top-down strategies(whole languageapproach)________________

Examples: using background knowledge predicting guessing the meaning of unknown words from context skimming/scanning

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