Multi-criteria Analysis for Planning Renewable Energy

(MapRE)

INTERACTIVE MAP | SUDAN Of Southern and Eastern Africa Renewable Energy Zones (SEAREZs)

This interactive PDF map contains locations of high quality wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), and concentrated solar power (CSP) zones and estimated zone attributes important to the site-selection process (e.g., levelized cost of electricity; distance to nearest transmission lines, roads, and load centers; and proximity to load centers). Locations of existing or planned renewable energy power plants, transmission lines, substations, and load centers are also indicated on the map, conditional on data availability. In order to access different data layers and their attributes, this map must be opened using Adobe PDF Readers, which are free to download. This interactive map can be used in conjunction with the SEAREZ Multi-Objective Zone Ranking Tool. Please refer to the accompanying report for methods, assumptions, and references for data sources. Spatial data used in this interactive map can be downloaded from the MapRE (http://mapre.lbl.gov/) or the Global Atlas (http://globalatlas.irena.org/) websites. This map and its supporting study are the results of a collaboration between the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and University of California at Berkeley (UCB) as part of the Africa Clean Energy Corridor Initiative © 2015.

International Renewable Energy Agency Disclaimer:

The designations employed and the presentation of materials herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Renewable Energy Agency concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. While this publication promotes the adoption and use of renewable energy, the International Renewable Energy Agency does not endorse any particular project, product or service provider.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Disclaimer:

This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California.

Boundaries and names shown in maps within the publication do not imply official endorsement by the International Renewable Energy Agency, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, or the University of California at Berkeley. The purpose of this map and its supporting study is to support high-level transmission and generation planning, and not to recommend specific project siting and land use decisions. Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the Africa Development Bank's Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) Initiative for the inspiration to create these interactive PDF maps.

HOW TO USE THIS MAP

VIEWING LAYERS a) On the left hand side menu, click on the layers icon.

b) Expand folders you wish to view. Individual layers are classified under three folders - INFRASTRUCTURE, RENEWABLE ENERGY ZONES, and DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS.

c) Each layer within a folder can be turned “on” or “off” by clicking on the “eye” icon. The legend on the right side of the map explains the symbology of each layer.

d) The renewable energy zones for each of the three technologies are colored by the estimated total levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for that technology. The legend on the right side of the map shows the corresponding LCOE costs (USD/MWh) for each color.

VIEWING ATTRIBUTES The detailed attributes of each SEAREZ are embedded in this map. These attributes are described on page 5 of this interactive PDF. Below are two ways to access these attributes:

a) Select Zone ID and retrieve attributes and location. The attribute table can be accessed for a zone by clicking on the Model Tree icon on the left menu. Within the Model Tree, expand the folders of the layers containing the zones and select a zone ID (e.g., “A”). An example Model Tree folder structure is shown here (right). The attributes (e.g. levelized cost of energy for generation, transmission and roads, distance to load centers) for each zone will be displayed on the bottom, left menu, beneath the Model Tree folder structure once you click on the zone ID. An example attribute table is shown here (lower right). You may also locate this zone on the map by right clicking on the zone ID-> Zoom to Selection. This feature is useful for locating zones identified through the Multi-Objective Zone Ranking Tool.

b) Select location and retrieve attributes. Turn on the “Object Analysis Tool.” In Adobe Acrobat Reader X, this tool is under Edit -> Analysis -> Object Data Tool. In Acrobat Pro X, this tool is under Tools -> Analyze -> Object Data Tool. For other versions of Adobe Reader, please refer to Adobe’s documentation to find the Object Analysis Tool. The Model Tree icon will appear on the left menu if it not already available. Once the Object Analysis Tool has been activated, the cursor changes to a “cross”. Move the cursor over a zone (or any other feature in the map), and click multiple times (giving at least a couple of seconds between each click). Each click opens a layer’s folder in order to retrieve the final zone ID and its attributes. The map may highlight all selectable areas in red in between mouse clicks. Only the selected zone should be outlined in red once its attribute table has been retrieved. Please keep in mind that this way of assessing attributes may be slow.

c) If a map has been georeferenced, the latitude and longitude coordinates in decimal degrees can be displayed for any location on the map by accessing the “Geospatial Location Tool,” found in the same menu as the “Object Analysis Tool.”

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RENEWABLE ENERGY ZONES

DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS

INFRASTRUCTURE

Total Levelized Cost of Electricity

Renewable energy power plants

Wind Solar CSPSolar PV

SubstationsMaximum rating (kV)

Geothermal

WindSolar PVSolar CSP

Water bodies

Operational Potential/proposed

Transmission linesExistin

g

Major cities Roads

(USD/MWh)

Geothermal

WindSolar PV

Solar CSP

SUDAN

Not specified

Planned

Unknown

> 400 301 - 400201 - 300

101 - 20066 - 100

> 500 kV 401 - 500 kV301 - 400 kV201 - 300 kV

101 - 20066 - 100

ExistingPlann

ed

Protected areas

< 5051 - 6061 - 7071 - 8081 - 9091 - 100101 - 110111 - 120121 - 130> 131

< 120121 - 125126 - 130131 - 135136 - 140141 - 145146 - 150151 - 155156 - 160> 161

< 200201 - 205206 - 210211 - 215216 - 220221 - 225226 - 230231 - 235236 - 240> 241

Land use\land cover (solar)Land use\land cover (wind)

Population (>100 persons/km2)

ElevationSlope (solar)Slope (wind)

ATTRIBUTE TABLE DESCRIPTIONS The attribute table, once retrieved, will be displayed on the bottom, left-hand side of the Model Tree menu. Blue highlighted cells indicate attributes that are specific to wind zones, orange highlighted cells indicate attributes specific to solar CSP zones, and yellow highlighted cells indicate attributes specific to solar PV. All other attributes are common between technologies.

ATTRIBUTE NAME DESCRIPTION

zone_identification This is the unique alphabetical identifier for the zones. Zones are labeled on the map using this identifier.

Electricity generation attributes: Estimated annual average electricity generation in MWh for the following:

A) Electricity_generation_discounted_MWhPerYr Solar PV, assuming a 90% land use discount factor.

B) Electricity_generation_discounted_chosenTurbine_MWhPerYr Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine class, assuming a 75% land use discount factor.

C) Electricity_generation_discounted_classIIturbine_MWhPerYr Wind using IEC Class II turbines, assuming a 75% land use discount factor.

D) Electricity_generation_discounted_noStorage_MWhPerYr Solar CSP without storage, assuming a 90% land use discount factor.

E) Electricity_generation_discounted_6hrsStorage_MWhPerYr Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage, assuming a 90% land use discount factor.

Potential installed capacity attributes: Potential capacity (MW) that could be installed within a zone for the following:

installedCapacity_MW Solar PV or wind, assuming a 90% and 75% land use discount factor, respectively.

installedCapacity_noStorage_MW Solar CSP without storage, assuming a 90% land use discount factor.

installedCapacity_6hrsStorage_MW Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage, assuming a 90% land use discount factor.

area_km2 Total area of the zone in units of square kilometers

Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of non-generation components attributes:

Average levelized cost of electricity (in USD/MWh) for the non-generation components of the following (values are only reported if transmission or substation data could be procured):

A) LCOE_transmission_USDperMWh Solar PV, estimated using distance to the nearest transmission line, if available.

B) LCOE_substation_USDperMWh Solar PV, estimated using distance to the nearest substation, if available.

C) LCOE_road_USDperMWh Solar PV, estimated using distance to the nearest road.

D) LCOE_transmission_chosenTurbine_USDperMWh Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine, estimated using nearest transmission line.

E) LCOE_substation_chosenTurbine_USDperMWh Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine, estimated using nearest substation.

F) LCOE_road_chosenTurbine_USDperMWh Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine, estimated using nearest road.

G) LCOE_transmission_6hrsStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage, estimated using nearest transmission line.

H) LCOE_substation_6hrsStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage, estimated using nearest substation.

I) LCOE_road_6hrsStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage, estimated using nearest road.

Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of generation component attributes:

Average levelized cost of electricity (in USD/MWh) for generation component of the following technologies (values were estimated using the location’s capacity factor and efficiencies specific to the technology):

A) LCOE_generation_USDperMWh Solar PV

B) LCOE_generation_chosenTurbine_USDperMWh Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine class.

C) LCOE_generation_classIIturbine_USDperMWh Wind using IEC Class II turbine.

D) LCOE_generation_noStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP without storage.

E) LCOE_generation_6hrsStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage.

Total levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) attributes: Average total levelized cost of electricity estimated by summing the individual component LCOEs for generation, transmission line or substation (values are only available if data could be procured), and road for the following:

A) LCOE_total_transmission_USDperMWh Solar PV, estimated using the transmission component.

B) LCOE_total_substation_USDperMWh Solar PV, estimated using the substation component.

C) LCOE_total_transmission_chosenTurbine_USDperMWh Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine class, estimated using transmission

D) LCOE_total_transmission_classIIturbine_USDperMWh Wind using IEC Class II turbine, estimated using transmission

E) LCOE_total_substation_chosenTurbine_USDperMWh Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine class, estimated using substation

F) LCOE_total_substation_classIIturbine_USDperMWh Wind using IEC Class II turbine, estimated using substation

G) LCOE_total_transmission_noStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP without storage, estimated using transmission

H) LCOE_total_transmission_6hrsStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage, estimated using transmission

I) LCOE_total_substation_noStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP without storage, estimated using substation

J) LCOE_total_substation_6hrsStorage_USDperMWh Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage, estimated using substation

mean_slope_percent Mean slope of the zone in units of percent rise.

mean_populationDensity_personsPerKm2 Mean population density of the zone in units of persons per square kilometer.

mean_HumanFootprint_0to100 Mean human footprint metric (0 – least human impact; 100 – most human impact)

mean_LULC_score Mean score for land use/land cover categories in the zone. Scores range from 1 to 5, with 1 being most compatible for energy development and 5 being least compatible.

Mean_colocation_score Mean score for the suitability of the zone for other renewable energy technologies. For example, the attribute table of a solar PV zone would display the colocation score calculated using the zone’s overlap with wind and CSP potential. The score ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 being no overlap and 1 being overlap with both renewable technologies.

Num_projectsWithWaterAccess Number of project opportunity areas within the zone that is within 10 km of surface water.

mean_resourceQuality_Wperm2 Mean resource quality in terms of wind power density or solar irradiance of the zone in units of watts per m2.

mean_resourceQuality_kWhPerm2Day Mean solar resource quality of the zone in units of annual average kWh per m2 per day.

Capacity factor attributes: Mean capacity factor of the zone for the following (values range from 0 to 1):

A) mean_capacityFactor Solar PV

B) mean_capacityFactor_chosenTurbine Wind using the optimally selected IEC turbine class.

C) mean_capacityFactor_classIIturbine Wind using IEC Class II turbine.

D) mean_capacityFactor_noStorage Solar CSP without storage.

E) mean_capacityFactor_6hrsStorage Solar CSP with 6 hours of storage.

area_chosenTurbine_classIII_km2 Area (in km2) within the zone for which IEC class III turbines would be most suitable

area_chosenTurbine_classII_km2 Area (in km2) within the zone for which IEC class II turbines would be most suitable

area_chosenTurbine_classI_km2 Area (in km2) within the zone for which IEC class I turbines would be most suitable

Distance attributes: Distance to the nearest following locations (in units of kilometers):

A) distance_nearest_transmission_km Transmission line

B) distance_nearest_substation_km Substation

C) distance_nearest_road_km Road

D) distance_nearest_existingPlanned_wind_km (or distance_nearest_existingPlanned_PV_km, distance_nearest_existingPlaned_CSP_km)

Operational or planned wind (or solar PV, solar CSP) power plant.

E) distance_nearest_geothermalLocation_km Operational or planned geothermal power plant.

F) distance_nearest_anyRenewableEnergyLocation_km Operational or planned renewable energy (wind, solar PV, solar CSP, geothermal) power plant.

G) distance_nearest_majorCity_km Major city or load center.

H) distance_nearest_waterSource_km Surface water (lake or river) source.

GroupVal Identifier that is used to assign a project opportunity area to a zone.

Capacity value attributes:

A) distance_nearest_3TierWindLocation_km From the centroid of the zone, distance in km to the nearest location where simulated wind speed time series data were acquired from 3Tier. Hourly time series were used to estimate capacity value ratios.

B) capacityValueRatio_10percentPeakHours The ratio of the capacity factor for the top 10% of hours with the largest electricity demand within a year (876 hrs) to the capacity factor of all hours within the same year (8760 hrs).

C) capacityValueRatio_chosen3peakHours The ratio of the capacity factor for the daily top 3 hours with the largest electricity demand across an entire year (1095 hrs) to the capacity factor of all hours within the same year (8760 hrs).

D) capacityValueRatio_chosen3peakHours_multiyear The ratio of the capacity factor for the daily top 3 hours with the largest electricity demand across an entire year, extrapolated to 10 years (10,950 hrs), to the capacity factor of all hours within the same 10 years (87,600 hrs). 3Tier provided 10 years of hourly time series data for each point location.

E) adjustedCF_top10percent The capacity factor of the top 10% of hours with the largest electricity demand within a year (876 hrs). This value was estimated by multiplying the capacityValueRatio_10percentPeakHours with the mean_capacityFactor_chosenTurbine.

F) adjustedCF_top3hrs The capacity factor of the daily top 3 hours with the largest electricity demand across an entire year (1095 hrs). This value was estimated by multiplying the capacityValueRatio_chosen3peakHours with the mean_capacityFactor_chosenTurbine.