Relation between Physics and Biology

By-Lovnish ThakurASU2014010100099Integrated Biotech-3rd SemBSBT-213(Bioenergetics;Biophysics)

Biophysics

• Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science using methods of, and theories from, physics to study biological systems

Application in Biological World

IN ECOSYSTEM

• According to first law (Energy is neither created nor destroyed, bur can be transformed from one state to another)

• Energy of sunlight is transformed into energy of food and heat.

• According to second law, no transfer of energy occurs unless and until it is accompanied by degradation or dissipation of energy from concentrated to dispersed form.

• So, the transfer of energy from one organism to another is accompanied by degradation and loss of major part of food energy as heat.

• That is the reason that energy flow in ecosystem follows 10 % law.

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://images.tutorvista.com/content/ecosystem/progressive-energy-loss.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/ecosystem/ten-percent-law.php&h=275&w=450&tbnid=EdISQ_ksB638EM:&docid=BBywDCleRQDZTM&ei=AUYuVr-5FqT3mQXs-rzICQ&tbm=isch&ved=0CDgQMygVMBVqFQoTCP-9yZ254MgCFaR7pgodbD0PmQ

Homeostasis & the first law of thermodynamics

• Body Temperature• Blood GlucoseMetabolism converts food's potential energy to both work and heat energy, which are needed to maintain a proper body temperature and to do physical activities.

Excitable Membranes

• Signal-mediating cells of the nervous system called neurons are special, in that they are able to send signals to one another with velocities.

• Resting potential• Driving forces due to the electric field and the 

concentration gradient are mutually opposed, there will be equilibrium

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bem.fi/book/02/fi/0212.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.bem.fi/book/02/02.htm&h=310&w=874&tbnid=dSg13mx03N3xXM:&docid=XYOn-HfKmzwXjM&ei=kPkuVsSUB8XFmQXsmZK4AQ&tbm=isch&ved=0CBsQMygAMABqFQoTCMScnbzk4cgCFcVipgod7IwEFw

In Biomolecules Conformations

In folding of Protein forces like -:• Hydrogen Bonds• van der Waals Interactions• Hydrophobic Interactions• Ionic Interaction

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_protein_structure_levels_en.svg/2000px-Main_protein_structure_levels_en.svg.png&imgrefurl=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure&h=3488&w=2000&tbnid=qKA4LMmse-EjwM:&docid=JYRhwdOlmjYM1M&ei=E0kuVtjHKKi5mwW2zY7gBQ&tbm=isch&ved=0CD8QMygZMBlqFQoTCJidwZS84MgCFajcpgodtqYDXA

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://challieze.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/proteinstrct.gif&imgrefurl=https://challieze.wordpress.com/2013/03/&h=600&w=664&tbnid=fckK5SmgNXFq_M:&docid=KGe-j-nuUzotPM&ei=zUkuVtqyA4e30ATYhrqIAg&tbm=isch&ved=0CFQQMyguMC5qFQoTCJrN9Oy84MgCFYcblAodWIMOIQ

Movement of Organisms

• Movement in BacteriaFor small sizes of single-cellular organisms such as bacteria it is very difficult to move as compared to the cases of swimming fish and humans.

In this case viscosity plays a dominant role

So this result in evolution of bacteria with flagella

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/image/6628622-16x9-700x394.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceshow/how-bacteria-swim---the-bacterial-flagella-motor/6628786&h=394&w=700&tbnid=7spyX4N88lbsvM:&docid=iIidMegERT25gM&ei=hkcuVvW4H4PYmAXbnJ-oBA&tbm=isch&ved=0CEkQMygmMCZqFQoTCPWTkde64MgCFQMspgodW84HRQ

Sound Production

• Human voice is produced in the larynx, which is a part of the throat. 

• When air from our lungs passes through the tightened cords a vibration is produced. • This vibration producesvocal sounds. 

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/imgmus/voc.gif&imgrefurl=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/voice.html&h=337&w=300&tbnid=fdFjEYjBAoyVjM:&docid=3vXYJq3HsHQaYM&ei=ZUguVu3yM8PCmAWmnaGQCA&tbm=isch&ved=0CDoQMygXMBdqFQoTCK250MG74MgCFUMhpgodpk4Igg

Piezoelectricity & Bone Growth

• Bone under stress & strain condition develop  charge on their surface.

• Result in deposition of salt in bone and increase in the size of bone

• Electrical signals in amphibians which can naturally regenerate lost limbs, differ from those in mammals, which ordinarily do not regenerate lost limbs.

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cof.org.cn/chinese/Contents/homa1/pict/jee-01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cof.org.cn/chinese/Contents/homa1/2-a.htm&h=304&w=274&tbnid=EkmscbG23u_QYM:&docid=C3rpHm_M_OtwQM&ei=OXw0VqKkJY_UjwO7qZzwDQ&tbm=isch&ved=0CCQQMygIMAhqFQoTCOKkmOSl7MgCFQ_qYwoduxQH3g

Animal & Plants struggles with gravity

• Size of single biological cells is inversely proportional to the strength of the gravitational field exerted on the cell.

•  Gravitropism, or the growth or movement of a plant with respect to gravity

• Human  immune  cells  were  unable to differentiate into mature cell  in the absence of gravity

Reference

• http://education.seattlepi.com/homeostasis-first-law-thermodynamics-5068.html

• www.wiley.com › ... › Geology & Geophysics › Geology & Geophysics

• www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3409800064.html• gradestack.com/.../Sound/...Sound-Produced.../14794-2855-2728-study-..

• www.intechopen.com/.../thermodynamics.../some-applications-of-thermo

• file-pdf.hol.es/p/introduction-to-biophysics-rodney.pdf

THANK YOU