Intergroup RelationsDominant Group• Group in society who

hold a position of power• Establish values & norms

to benefit themselves• Enjoy certain privileges

(better housing, education, income, etc.)

Minority Group• People that are singled

out & treated unequally because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices

• Minority doesn’t refer to size. (The dominant group in South Africa was white South Africans, who made up 15% of the population

Discrimination & Prejudice are features of the minority-group experience, but they’re not the same.

• Prejudice refers to attitudes. It’s unsupported generalization about a group of people.

• Discrimination involves behaviors. It’s the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership

Legal Discrimination: upheld by the law

Examples:-Apartheid in South Africa-Women’s inability to vote

until 1920 (19th Amendment)

-Racial segregation in the US

Institutionalized discrimination: outgrowth of the structure of society

• Becomes part of society; can be unconscious

• Unequal access to resources pushes minority groups into less powerful positions of power.

• Can exist even when steps are taken to legally prevent discrimination

Examples of Institutionalized Discrimination

Minority group denied access to housing and jobs

Over time, group members are concentrated into low-income communitiesSchools in these

communities are poorly funded

Many group members can’t qualify for higher-paying jobs, due to lack of skill or knowledge

Discrimination: Gender Word Association

What words do you believe are associated with men and women in our society?

Were your words mostly positive or negative for men? For women?

Defining Discrimination• In groups, write the following words on separate

sheets of paper:– Racism - Ageism - Homophobia -

Sexism– Discrimination based on disability– Discrimination based on religion & beliefs– Discrimination based on pregnancy & maternity

• Each group member will take a sheet and use words, imagery and examples to create a definition of that type of discrimination. Include all 3 as a group

• Then, you will pass it on to the person next to you, who will add more.

Defining discriminationRacism• Treating someone unfairly

because of their race, nationality, ethnic or national origins.

Defining discriminationAgeism• Treating someone

unfairly because of their age or the age you think they are.

Defining discriminationSexism

• Treating someone unfairly because of their gender. Men & women can experience sexism.

Defining discrimination

Homophobia

• Treating someone unfairly because they are gay, lesbian or bisexual, or you think they have this sexual orientation.

Defining discriminationDiscrimination because of religion or belief

• Treating someone unfairly because they are of a different religion or hold different beliefs, or because they have no religious beliefs. Or because someone thinks you have certain beliefs.

Defining discriminationDiscrimination because of

disability• Treating someone unfairly

because they have a disability or because you think they have a disability.

A Response to Discrimination“No person in the United

States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance...”

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972:

Designed to prevent discrimination based on gender, but was created to increase women’s opportunities in society.

Discrimination Against Women

• http://www.pbs.org/makers/home/A. Identify 5 instances of discrimination and label it as

either LEGAL or INSTITUTIONALIZED discriminationLegal=Upheld by the law. Restricts rights. Based on laws, so it can be

stopped by changing those lawsInstitutionalized=A part of the social structure. Often unconscious

discrimination. Perpetuates a cycle of inequality.

B. Describe women’s reactions to The Feminine Mystique

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Impact of Title IX: http://video.pbs.org/video/2330969949/

1. What did it require colleges and universities to do?2. How did it compel (force) colleges and universities to do

this? 3. Identify other areas, besides athletics, where Title IX gave

greater access to women and describe how much greater.4. Listen closely to the comments made by the following

women. Analyze the rhetoric each conveys by identifying words that express their personal feelings .

Meg Whitman

Betty Friedan

Barbara Smith

Bella Abzug

Hillary Clinton

5. Compare & Contrast these comments on Title IX.

http://video.pbs.org/video/2331379880/

6. On September 20, 1973, Billie Jean King played male tennis champion Bobby Riggs in what was known as the “Battle of the Sexes” tennis tournament. List the costs and benefits to King personally and to women’s professional tennis in accepting Riggs’ challenge.

Costs Benefits

Treatment of Minority GroupsMake a foldable or other graphic organizer that covers

the 7 patterns of treatment (pg. 242). Include an explanation of each pattern and an example (current or historical) for each pattern.

Acceptance Rejection

Sociological Explanation of Discrimination & Prejudice

• Focus is on the environment. • The environment dictates which norms we’re supposed to

follow. • And those norms can include how to interact and treat

certain out-groups.

Psychological Explanation

• People are prejudiced because they have a particular kind of personality. (Easy to anger, blame others)

• Prejudice may be the product of frustration and anger (especially when unable to confront the real problem)– Scapegoating: placing blame for one’s troubles on others– Minority groups often become scapegoats

Economic Explanation

• Prejudice & discrimination are the products of competition for scarce resources.

• Ex: Immigrants can serve as a ready source of labor, but when the economy is bad and jobs are scarce, members of the dominant group will see certain minority groups as competition

• Discrimination can include acts of violence, refusal to hire, restrictive immigration laws

According to Merton, discrimination and prejudice can be combined in four possible ways

Timid BigotPrejudiced person, does

not discriminate

All-Weather LiberalNon-prejudiced person, does not discriminate

Active BigotPrejudiced person, does

discriminate

Fair-Weather LiberalNon-prejudiced person,

does discriminate

PrejudiceYES NO

Dis

crim

inati

onYE

SN

O

On a blank sheet of paper, illustrate scenes (or examples) of the 4 patterns of prejudice &discrimination. Caption each scene

Timid Bigot All-Weather Liberal

Active Bigot Fair-Weather Liberal

A man refuses to hire a woman as mechanic because he believes women are unqualified to fix things.

Explanations of Discrimination & Prejudice

Pick 3 minority groups (based on ascribed status) and explain why they face certain acts of discrimination , using a sociological, psychological and economic explanation

Women Muslims Latinos

Sociological explanation

Women can face harassment and sexism in the workplace because of certain norms in society

Psychological Explanation

People who are angered by terrorists may direct their anger at innocent Muslims.

Economic Explanation

Latinos may face discrimination in hiring because they’re seen as competition by the dominant group

Cultural Pluralism

Allows each group within society to keep it’s unique cultural identity.

• Switzerland: Three equal groups: French, German, Italian

ASSIMILATION

Blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity

• America as a “melting pot”

LEGAL PROTECTION

Legal steps are taken to ensure the rights of minorities are protected

• Affirmative action is used to correct past imbalances in the educational & employment opportunities given to minority groups.

SEGREGATION

Physically separating a minority group from the dominant group.

De jure: based on lawsDe facto: based on informal

norms• Jews in Europe lived in

ghettoes.

SUBJUGATIONThe maintaining of control

over a group through force• Slavery: ownership of one

person by another

POPULATION TRANSFER

Minority population is transferred to a new territory, either directly (by force) or indirectly.

• Native Americans forced onto reservations

EXTERMINATION

Most extreme response. Attempt to eliminate a whole group of people.

• Genocide: intentional destruction of an entire population

Changing DemographicsCreate a pie chart, displaying the percent of population for

each racial/ethnic group. • For each, list 3 ways their position in society has improved

and 3 ways in which they are still disadvantaged. When possible, these should be based on statistics.

• Then, for each group identify 3 patterns of treatment they experienced.

RELEVANT Information can be found on pgs. 247-256

For Example…

White (Non-Hispanic)

__%

Native Amer-ican1%

________%

________%

_________%

U.S. Population, 2000 Native AmericansImprovements:-Grave protection & Repatriation Act allowed for archaeological decision-making & artifact retrieval--Challenges:- Alcohol-related deaths are 7x

higher than general population- -- -

Patterns of Treatment:Extermination (disease & warfare with colonists/government); Population transfers (reservations); ____________ (___)

Then vs. Now

Create a chart based on current statistics (Census, 2010).

• Compare & Contrast: How have minority group populations grown/shrunk vs. the dominant group?

• In which ways have minority groups’ rights & power increased/ decreased with their population growth?

• What problems do they still face?

*Written response may be included on back or on separate sheet of paper

The American DilemmaThe gap that exists between what Americans claim to believe

and how they actually behave. • Beliefs: Equality, Freedom, Individual Dignity, Inalienable

RightsVS.

• Actions: Slavery, Segregation, Native American Reservations, Internment of Japanese-Americans

American DilemmaDefine American Dilemma (pg. 247), you will create a visual

(or model) that demonstrates this conflict. Include:• 5 American values/ideals• 5 actions or behaviors that

are in conflict with those values.

Explain: Why do you think society violates those values? (1-2 paragraphs)

I Have a Dream http://youtu.be/nFcbpGK9_aw

MLK Jr.’s 1963 speech espoused his hopes for racial equality, freedom, and an end to injustice.

“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character”

• Write your own “I Have a Dream” speech that focuses on an issue of injustice, inequality, prejudice, and/or discrimination that our society experiences today.

Children & Discrimination

• http://youtu.be/UOVwrcTzRBs