interior permanant magnet synchronous machine for hybrid electric vehicles

8/4/2019 Interior Permanant Magnet Synchronous Machine for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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By, LINSS T ALEXEdited By

Sarath S Nairwww.technologyfuturae.com


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INDEX IntroductionModeling of IPM machines

Analysis of IPM motors

Rotor Design Topologies

Performances

Applications

IPM motors in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

ConclusionsReferences


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INTRODUCTIONHEVs are gaining increased attention due

to their higher efficiencies and lower

emissions.HEV combines a smaller IC engine with a

battery pack and an traction motor to drive

the vehicle.Requirements of traction machines

include high efficiency and highperformance.

An Interior Permanent Magnet(IPM)synchronous machine is used to obtainmechanical robustness,capability of fluxweakening and high speed operation.


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A one pole pitch cross sectional view of a

6-pole IPM machine with tangential magnetconfiguration


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1.MAGNETIC MODEL

Average air gap flux density,

C=Am/Ag, flux concentration factorBr- Remanence of the magnet


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Also,Parameters of above equations,


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g-air gap length

Kc-Carter coefficient

rec -relative recoil permeability

Amm=t.l, cross-sectional area of the iron bridgeabove the nonmagnetic barriers .

t - Bridge width

l-motor stack length.

Bs-limit of leakage flux density in the bridge due tosaturation.



Maximum value of first harmonic of the PM fluxlinkage,

Kwl-winding factor

Nph-winding turns per phase

P-number of pole pairs-pole arc to pole pitch ratio

D-inner diameter of stator



The d-axis and q-axis inductances,



Where Kd and Kq are defined as,

ge- effective air gap,



2.ELECTRICAL MODEL

Flux distribution in the air gap is assumed to besinusoidal and the iron loss and magneticsaturation are not considered.


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From the motor vector diagram voltageequations are,

The motor torque,


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id and iq are the d-axis and q-axiscomponents of stator current vector Is.

Magnitude of stator current vector is,

The design optimization is carried out under

the condition of maximum torque perAmpere control


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Flux linkage and inductances can benormalized as,


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IPM motor is an induction start butsynchronously run high efficiency motor.

IPM must overcome the magnet braketorque during starting process.

Developed power Pd is,


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In IPM motors inserting permanent magnets invarious arrangements and magnet polarityorientations below the conduction cage of theIPM rotor .

An IPM motor develops driving torque due toboth permanent magnet excitation andreluctance variation.

Developed torque Td is,


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First term is permanent magnet excitation torquecomponent.

Second term is reluctance torque component

Efficient utilization of reluctance torquecomponent is most critical for intensive fluxweakening operations and efficiency

improvements in HEV and electric traction drive.


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NdBFe magnets having high B and very large H isused for rotor design.

Two types 1)Straight type 2) V-type

Straight type has buried permanent magnetmaterials


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Torque to weight ratio significantly improved byoperating the IPM motor at 650-Vdc from smartdc-dc converter.

The light load loss decreased primarily byemploying high-grade silicon steel.


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3-phase,4-pole,Y-connected,200V 1 hp IPM motorwith NdBFe magnets comparing with a .6kW,3-phase,4-pole,200V induction motor


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The efficiency and power factor as well as theirproduct of the IPM motor is over 35% better thanthat for identical rated induction motor.

The energy efficiency aspect is a key factor forwide spread high performance applications of IPMmotor drives.


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Ventilation fans

Air conditioner/heat pump compressors

Cranes

Lift/escalators Blood pumps

Ship propellers

Electric locomotive traction drives

Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles


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IPM motors provides wider torque-speed rangeunder severe size, weight and cost constraints.

IPM motors fulfill the requirements for smooth

vehicle propultion,low vibration/noise and highdegree of driving comfort.


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Low Speed


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Cruising


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Braking


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At 650V level, a new reduction gear isincorporated for further reduction in axle torque toabout 50%,thereby reduce motor size significantly.


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Modeling and analysis of IPM machines werediscussed.

Rotor design features for specific applicationswas studied.

Comparative performances of IPM and inductionmotors was discussed.

Several examples of successful applications werehigh lighted.

High performance IPM motors have emerged asthe choice of energy efficient and environmentallyfriendly Hybrid Electric Vehicles.


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[1] M.A.Rahman, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor-A review ofDesign Art", Proceedings of International Conference of ElectricalMachines-ICEM80,Athens,Greece,Sept.15-17,1980,pp.312-319.

[2] M.A Rahman,T.A.Little and G.R Slemon, Analytical Models forInterior-Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors,IEEETransactions on Magnetics,vol.MAG-21,No.5,1985,pp.1741-1743.

[3] M.Kamiya, Development of Traction Drive Motors for the ToyotaHybrid System,Proc.IPEC-2005,Niigata,Japan,April 4-8,2005,pp.1474-1481

[4] T.M.Jahns, G.B.Kiliman and T.W.Neumann, Interior PM Synchronous

Motors for adjustable Speed Drives, IEEE Transactions on IndustryApplications,vol.23,No.4 1987,pp.681-689

[5] M.A Rahman, IPM Motor Drives for Hybrid Electric Vehicles,IEEETransactions 2007.


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[6] L.Chang,Comparison of ac drives for electric vehicles-A report onexperts opinion survey, IEEE AES System Magz. Pp.7-10,Aug.1994.

[7] Arash Hassanpour Isfahani and Siavash Sadeghi, Design of aPermanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for the Hybrid ElectricVehicle,IEEE Trans.vol.45,pp.566-570,Dec 2007


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interior permanant magnet synchronous machine for hybrid electric vehicles

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