intermetallic matrix composites -...

Intermetallic Matrix Composites

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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-41006-0 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings: Volume 194:Intermetallic Matrix CompositesEditors: D. L. Anton, P. L. Martin, D. B. Miracle and R. McMeekingFrontmatterMore information

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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 194

Intermetallic Matrix Composites

Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

EDITORS:

D. L. AntonUnited Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A.

P. L. MartinRockwell International Science Center, Thousand Oaks, California, U.S.A.

D. B. MiracleWright Research & Development Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,Ohio, U.S.A.

R. McMeekingUniversity of California, Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.

IMIRIS1 MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYPittsburgh, Pennsylvania






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Contents

PREFACE xi

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS xii

PART I: MODELING OF INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES

•MODELS FOR THE STRENGTH OF DUCTILE MATRIX COMPOSITES 3Gang Bao, Francesco Genna, John W. Hutchinson, andRobert M. McMeeking

ON THE FLOW AND CREEP STRENGTH OF POWER LAW MATERIALSCONTAINING RIGID REINFORCEMENTS 15

Ming Y. He

MICROMECHANICAL MODEL OF CRACK GROWTH IN FIBER REINFORCEDBRITTLE MATERIALS 23

Asher A. Rubinstein and Kang Xu

PART II: PROCESSING OF INTERMETALLICMATRIX COMPOSITES

•INNOVATIVE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR INTERMETALLICMATRIX COMPOSITES 31

N.S. Stoloff and D.E. Alman

DUCTILE PHASE TOUGHENING OF BRITTLE INTERMETALLICS 45D.L. Anton and D.M. Shah

REACTION SINTERING OF MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE BASEDCOMPOSITES 53

Martin W. Weiser, Sherisse R. Smelser, andJohn J. Petrovic

EFFECT OF THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENTS ON SOLIDIFICATIONINHOMOGENEITY IN INGOT METALLURGY GAMMA TITANIUMALUMINIDES 59

J.D. Bryant, S.L. Semiatin, J.R. Maisano,D.T. Winter, and A.R.H. Barrett

INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES BY PHYSICAL VAPORDEPOSITION 65

Dallis A. Hardwick and Richard C. Cordi

TAILORED MICROSTRUCTURES OF NIOBIUM-NIOBIUM SILICIDESBY PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION 71

Rabi S. Bhattacharya, A.K. Rai, M.G. Mendiratta,and Y.T. Cheng

REACTIVE SYNTHESIS OF NbAl3 MATRIX COMPOSITES 79L. Lu, Y.S. Kim, A.B. Gokhale, and R. Abbaschian

•Invited Paper






SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSING ROUTES TO HIGH ASPECT RATIOREINFORCEMENTS IN -TiAl 89

J.J. Valencia, J.P.A. Lofvander, J. Rosier,C.G. Levi, and R. Mehrabian

AXIAL ALIGNMENT OF SHORT-FIBER TITANIUM ALUMINIDECOMPOSITES BY DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION 97

S.L. Kampe, G.H. Swope, and L. Christodoulou

SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSING OF NbCr2 ALLOYS 105D.J. Thoma and J.H. Perepezko

THE EFFECTS OF COOLING RATE UPON XDtm TiAl WELDMICROSTRUCTURE 113

Erica Robertson, Mary Ann Hill, andRicardo B. Schwarz

PART III: MICROSTRUCTURE/PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPSOF INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES

SiC REINFORCED-MoSi2 ALLOY MATRIX COMPOSITES 123J.J. Petrovic, R.E. Honnell, and A.K. Vasudevan

&ND Nb REINFORCED MoSi2David H. Carter and Patrick L. Martin

Ta AND Nb REINFORCED MoSi2 131

139J.-M. Yang and S.M. Jeng

MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NiAl+MoIN-SITU EUTECTIC COMPOSITES 147

P.R. Subramanian, M.G. Mendiratta, D.B. Miracle,and D.M. Dimiduk

SURVEY OF EUTECTIC SYSTEMS AS POTENTIAL INTERMETALLICMATRIX COMPOSITES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATION 155

S. Mazdiyasni and D.B. Miracle

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ni3Al-Al203COMPOSITES PRODUCED BY HOT EXTRUSION 163

C.G. McKamey and E.H. Lee

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF Ni3Al-MATRIXCOMPOSITES 169

P.C. Brennan, W.H. Kao, S.M. Jeng, and J.-M. Yang

DUCTILE-PHASE TOUGHENING IN NIOBIUM-NIOBIUM SILICIDEPOWDER PROCESSED COMPOSITES 175

Rama M. Nekkanti and Dennis M. Dimiduk

DUCTILE-PHASE TOUGHENING OF Cr3Si WITH CHROMIUM 183Joseph W. Newkirk and J. Alan Sago

DUCTILITY ENHANCEMENT FROM INTERFACE DISLOCATIONSOURCES IN A DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED 0+( + ')Ni-Fe-AlCOMPOSITE ALLOY 191

M. Larsen, A. Misra, S. Hartfield-Wunsch, R. Noebe,and R. Gibala






DISLOCATION MORPHOLOGIES IN TiB2/NiAl 199L. Wang and R.J. Arsenault

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY IMPACT RESISTANT NiAl MATRIXCOMPOSITES 205

Vincent C. Nardone, James R. Strife, andKarl M. Prewo

1300 K COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF A REACTION MILLEDNiAl-AIN COMPOSITE 211

J. Daniel Whittenberger, Eduard Arzt, andMichael J. Luton

CREEP BEHAVIOR AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF XD™ TITANIUMALUMINIDE 219

C.R. Feng, H.H. Smith, D.J. Michel, and C.R. Crowe

STRUCTURE/PROPERTY COMPARISONS IN PARTICULATE ANDSHORT FIBER Y-BASED TITANIUM ALUMINIDE COMPOSITES 225

S.L. Kampe, J.A. Clarke, and L. Christodoulou

CONSTANT STRESS CREEP OF XD™ TiAl CONTAININGNITROGEN 233

Erica Robertson and Patrick L. Martin

THE HIGH TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF TiAl CONTAININGCARBIDE REINFORCEMENTS 241

J. Rosier, J.J. Valencia, C.G. Levi, A.G. Evans,and R. Mehrabian

SIMPLE MEASUREMENTS OF TOUGHNESS AND CRACK FORMATIONIN SEVERAL INTERMETALLIC-MATRIX COMPOSITE SYSTEMS 249

Robert L. Fleischer

STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS OF SINGLE-PHASE AND DUAL-PHASEHIGH-TEMPERATURE INTERMETALLICS 257

Stephen M. Bruemmer, John L. Brimhall, andCharles H. Henager, Jr.

DETERMINATION OF FIBER/MATRIX INTERFACE MECHANICALPROPERTIES IN BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES 263

Ronald J. Kerans, Paul D. Jero,Triplicane A. Parthasarathy, and Amit Chatterjee

THE EFFECT OF NOTCHES ON THE FATIGUE LIFE OF SCS-6/Ti3AlCOMPOSITE 271

Kenneth R. Bain, Mary Lee Gambone, andRichard D. Zordan

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND FAILURE MECHANISMS OF SCS-6/Ti3AlCOMPOSITES 277

S.M. Jeng, C.J. Yang, J.-M. Yang, D.G. Rosenthal,and J. Goebel

EFFECT OF XD™ TiB2 VOLUME FRACTION ON THE MICROSTRUCTUREOF A CAST NEAR-GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDE ALLOY 285

Donald E. Larsen, Jr., Stephen Kampe, andLeo Christodoulou

vii






INTERFACIAL SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF SAPPHIRE-REINFORCED NiAlCOMPOSITES 293

C.A. Moose, D.A. Koss, and J.R. Hellmann

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INTERFACE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFUSIONBONDED Ni3Al+B MATRICES CONTAINING CONTINUOUS A12O3FIBERS 3 01

C. Lee, D.S. Grummon, and G. Gottstein

PARTICLE-REINFORCED Nb-26at%Ti-48at%Al COMPOSITES 307R.M. Aikin, Jr., P.E. McCubbin, andL. Christodoulou

HEAT TREATMENTS AND THERMAL FATIGUE OF SCS-6/ALPHA-2TITANIUM ALUMINIDE COMPOSITES 315

Y-W. Kim and J.J. Kleek

INITIAL EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS FIBER REINFORCED NiAlCOMPOSITES 323

R.D. Noebe, R.R. Bowman, and J.I. Eldridge

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF INTERMETALLIC COMPOSITES 333D.M. Shah, D.L. Anton, and C.W. Musson

MICROSTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF /3-NiAl AND a-Re COMPOSITESPRODUCED BY EUTECTIC SOLIDIFICATION 341

D.P. Mason, D.C. Van Aken, and J.G. Webber

STUDIES OF TITANIUM ALUMINIDE COMPOSITES CONTAININGMETALLIC FIBER/MATRIX INTERFACE LAYERS 349

C.G. Rhodes, C.C. Bampton, and J.A. Graves

CYCLIC OXIDATION RESISTANCE OF A REACTION MILLEDNiAl-AIN COMPOSITE 355

Carl E. Lowell, Charles A. Barrett, andJ. Daniel Whittenberger

HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF Ni3Al COMPOSITES 361P.F. Tortorelli, J.H. DeVan, C.G. McKamey,and M. Howe11

PART IV: COMPATIBILITY OF INTERMETALLICMATRIX COMPOSITES

*CHEMICAL STABILITY OF FIBER-METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES 3 69J.H. Norman, G.H. Reynolds, and L. Brewer

COMPATIBILITY OF POTENTIAL REINFORCING CERAMICS WITHNi AND Fe ALUMINIDES 379

J.A. Moser, M. Aindow, W.A.T. Clark, S. Draper,and H.L. Fraser

CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY OF HIGH TEMPERATURE INTERMETALLICCOMPOUNDS WITH VARIOUS POTENTIAL REINFORCEMENTS 385

J.-M. Yang, S.M. Jeng, C.J. Yang, and D.L. Anton

*Invited Paper






PHASE STABILITY OF SIGMA + BETA MICROSTRUCTURES IN THETERNARY Nb-Ti-Al SYSTEM 393

D.T. Hoelzer and F. Ebrahimi

DUCTILE PHASE TOUGHENING OF MoSij-CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITYAND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS 399

L. Xiao, Y.S. Kim, and Reza Abbaschian

DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS AND TOUGHENING IN NiAl-Cu ALLOYS 405W.P. Allen, J.C. Foley, R.F. Cooper, andJ.H. Perepezko

REACTION ZONE GROWTH IN Ti-BASE/SiC COMPOSITES 413Ann M. Ritter, Ernest L. Hall, and Nathan Lewis

OXIDATION OF POWDER PROCESSED NbAl3 MATRIX COMPOSITES 423Paul S. Korinko and D.J. Duquette

INTERFACE MODIFICATION FOR FIBER-REINFORCED TITANIUMALUMINIDE COMPOSITES 429

Daniel E. Boss and J.M. Yang

AUTHOR INDEX 437

SUBJECT INDEX 439

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS 441






Preface

MRS has been a leader in publishing current research resultscovering the area of intermetallic compound development. Threeprior symposia in 19 84 (Vol. 39), 19 86 (Vol. 81) and 19 88(Vol. 13 3) were devoted primarily to monolithic ordered systems.The current volume is the first to concentrate on issuesparticular to intentional multiphase intermetallic systems.

Our intent was to bring together the myriad of disciplinesneeded to understand the complex processing-microstructure-property relationships in intermetallic matrix compositematerials. It may appear to the reader that some of the workreported in this volume does not bear on this question, but itshould be remembered that intermetallic compounds have propertiessimilar to both ceramics (at low temperatures) and metals (at hightemperatures). Thus the techniques for toughening brittle matrixcomposites at ambient temperatures as well as those for strength-ening ductile matrix composites at elevated temperatures need tobe applied to the intermetallic situation. For this reason, thesession on microstructure-based modeling of the behavior ofintermetallic matrix composites drew heavily on ceramic and metalmatrix experience. The session discussing processing was also amix of ceramic and metallurgical approaches, while stressing novelmethods particular to composite microstructures. Thermodynamiccompatibility and conventional microstructure-mechanical propertystudies made up the bulk of the contributed papers as they addressa large deficiency in our understanding in this important area.

The breadth of sponsorship reflects the large number oforganizations which recognize the need for intermetallic matrixcomposites. The sponsors were GE Aircraft Engines, Los AlamosNational Laboratory, Martin Marietta Laboratories, NASA LewisResearch Center, Office of Naval Research, United TechnologiesResearch Center, and Rockwell Science Center. Their financialsupport is gratefully acknowledged. In addition, we would liketo thank Ms. Joyce Hurlburt for her diligent secretarial supportduring the meeting and assistance in compiling this proceedingsafterward and to the session chairmen and all those who helpedreview the submitted papers.

D. AntonP. MartinD. MiracleR. McMeeking

May 199 0






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Recent Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings

Volume 157—Beam-Solid Interactions: Physical Phenomena, J.A. Knapp, P. Borgesen,R.A. Zuhr, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-045-3

Volume 158—In-Situ Patterning: Selective Area Deposition and Etching, R. Rosenberg,A.F. Bernhardt, J.G. Black, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-046-1

Volume 159—Atomic Scale Structure of Interfaces, R.D. Bringans, R.M. Feenstra,J.M. Gibson, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-047-X

Volume 160—Layered Structures: Heteroepitaxy, Superlattices, Strain, andMetastability, B.W. Dodson, L.J. Schowalter, J.E. Cunningham,F.H. Pollak, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-048-8

Volume 161—Properties of II-VI Semiconductors: Bulk Crystals, Epitaxial Films,Quantum Well Structures and Dilute Magnetic Systems, J.F. Schetzina,F.J. Bartoli, Jr., H.F. Schaake, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-049-6

Volume 162—Diamond, Boron Nitride, Silicon Carbide and Related Wide BandgapSemiconductors, J.T. Glass, R.F. Messier, N. Fujimori, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-050-X

Volume 163—Impurities, Defects and Diffusion in Semiconductors: Bulk and LayeredStructures, J. Bernholc, E.E. Haller, DJ. Wolford, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-051-8

Volume 164—Materials Issues in Macrocrystalline Semiconductors,P.M. Fauchet, C.C. Tsai, K. Tanaka, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-052-6

Volume 165—Characterization of Plasma-Enhanced CVD Processes, G. Lucovsky,D.E. Ibbotson, D.W. Hess, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-053-4

Volume 166—Neutron Scattering for Materials Science, S.M. Shapiro, S.C. Moss,J.D. Jorgensen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-054-2

Volume 167—Advanced Electronic Packaging Materials, A. Barfknecht, J. Partridge,C-Y. Li, C.J. Chen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-055-0

Volume 168—Chemical Vapor Deposition of Refractory Metals and Ceramics,T.M. Besmann, B.M. Gallois, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-056-9

Volume 169—High Temperature Superconductors: Fundamental Properties and NovelMaterials Processing, J. Narayan, C.W. Chu, L.F. Schneemeyer,D.K. Christen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-057-7

Volume 170—Tailored Interfaces in Composite Materials, C.G. Pantano, E.J.H. Chen,1989, ISBN 1-55899-058-5

Volume 171—Polymer Based Molecular Composites, D.W. Schaefer, J.E. Mark, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-059-3

Volume 172—Optical Fiber Materials and Processing, J.W. Fleming, G.H. Sigel,S. Takahashi, P.W. France, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-060-7

Volume 173—Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-StateMaterials, L.Y. Chiang, D.O. Cowan, P. Chaikin, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-061-5

Volume 174—Materials Synthesis Utilizing Biological Processes, M. Alper, P.D. Calvert,P.C. Rieke, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-062-3

Volume 175—Multi-Functional Materials, D.R. Ulrich, F.E. Karasz, A.J. Buckley,G. Gallagher-Daggitt, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-063-1

Volume 176—Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XIII, V.M. Oversby,P.W. Brown, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-064-X

Volume 177—Macromolecular Liquids, C.R. Safinya, S.A. Safran, P.A. Pincus, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-065-8

Volume 178—Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilizationand Disposal VI, F.P. Glasser, R.L. Day, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-066-6






MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 179—Specialty Cements with Advanced Properties, H. Jennings, A.G. Landers,B.E. Scheetz, I. Odler, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-067-4

Volume 180—Better Ceramics Through Chemistry IV, CJ. Brinker, D.E. Clark,D.R. Ulrich, BJ.J. Zelinsky, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-069-0

Volume 181—Advanced Metallizations in Microelectronics, A. Katz, S.P. Murarka,A. Appelbaum, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-070-4

Volume 182—Polysilicon Thin Films and Interfaces, B. Raicu, T.Kamins,C.V. Thompson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-071-2

Volume 183—High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Defects in Materials, R. Sinclair,D.J. Smith, U. Dahmen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-072-0

Volume 184—Degradation Mechanisms in III-V Compound Semiconductor Devices andStructures, V. Swaminathan, SJ. Pearton, O. Manasreh, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-073-9

Volume 185—Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II, J.R. Druzik, P.B. Vandiver,G. Wheeler, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-074-7

Volume 186—Alloy Phase Stability and Design, G.M. Stocks, D.P. Pope, A.F. Giamei,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-075-5

Volume 187—Thin Film Structures and Phase Stability, B.M. Clemens, W.L. Johnson,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-076-3

Volume 188—Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties II, W.C. Oliver,M. Doerner, G.M. Pharr, F.R. Brotzen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-077-1

Volume 189—Microwave Processing of Materials II, W.B. Snyder, W.H. Sutton,D.L. Johnson, M.F. Iskander, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-078-X

Volume 190—Plasma Processing and Synthesis of Materials III, D. Apelian, J. Szekely,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-079-8

Volume 191—Laser Ablation for Materials Synthesis, D.C. Paine, J.C. Bravman, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-080-1

Volume 192—Amorphous Silicon Technology, P.C. Taylor, M.J. Thompson,P.G. LeComber, Y. Hamakawa, A. Madan, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-081-X

Volume 193—Atomic Scale Calculations of Structure in Materials, M.A. Schluter,M.S. Daw, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-082-8

Volume 194—Intermetallic Matrix Composites, D.L. Anton, R. McMeeking, D. Miracle,P. Martin, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-083-6

Volume 195—Physical Phenomena in Granular Materials, T.H. Geballe, P. Sheng,G.D. Cody, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-084-4

Volume 196—Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetallics, M.J. Mayo,J. Wadsworth, M. Kobayashi, A.K. Mukherjee, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-085-2

Volume 197—Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries,J.D. Passaretti, D. Caulfield, R. Roy, V. Setterholm, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-086-0

Volume 198—Epitaxial Heterostructures, D.W. Shaw, J.C. Bean, V.G. Keramidas,P.S. Peercy, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-087-9

Volume 199—Workshop on Specimen Preparation for Transmission ElectronMicroscopy of Materials II, R. Anderson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-088-7

Volume 200—Ferroelectric Thin Films, A.I. Kingon, E.R. Myers, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-089-5

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