internal combustion engine concept teknik kendaraan ringan semester 1 nd class x dasar kompetensi...
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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONCEPT
Teknik Kendaraan RinganSemester 1nd Class X
Dasar Kompetensi KejuruanSK-KD 1TH
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DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI
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Classification of Engines
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
•External vs Internal Combustion•Spark Ignition SI or Compression Ignition CI•Configuration•Valve Location•2 Stroke or 4 Stroke
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Engine Configurations
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
In Line(Automobile)
Radial (Aircraft)
V(Automobile)
Horizontally Opposed (Subaru)
Opposed Piston (crankshafts geared
together)
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History of IC Engines
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
1860 Lenoir’s engine (a converted steam engine) combusted natural gas in a double acting piston, using electric ignition
1876Nikolaus Otto patented the 4 cycle engine, it used gaseous fuel
1882 Gottlieb Daimler, an engineer for Daimler, left to work on his own engine. His 1889 twin cylinder V was the first engine to be produced in quantities. Used liquid fuel and Venturi type carburetor, engine was named “Mercedes” after the daughter of his major distributor
1893 Rudolf Diesel built successful CI engine which was 26% efficient (double the efficiency of any other engine of its time)
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Complementary Technologies
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
1. Pneumatic tires (1888, Dunlop)
2. Cheap liquid fuels (Oil industry born in PA 1859)
3. Venturi effect carburetor (1892, Willi Maybach)
4. Variable mechanical transmission (primitive type by Levassor, 1891)
5. Electric starter (Kettering 1912)
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Parts of an IC Engine
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
Oil Pan
Crank Shaft
Cylinder Block
Piston
Cylinder Head
Cylinder Head Cover
Cam Shaft
Conecting Rod
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4 Cycle Process
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
4 Stroke Engine:Every 2x rotation of crank shaft or 4x movement of piston yields 1x Power
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4 Cycle Process
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
Intake StrokeIntake valve opens, admitting fuel and air.Exhaust valve closed for most of stroke
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4 Cycle Process
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
Compression StrokeBoth valves closed,Fuel/air mixture is compressed by rising piston. Spark ignitesmixture near end ofstroke.
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4 Cycle Process
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
Power StrokeFuel-air mixture burns,increasing temperature
and pressure, expansionof combustion gases
drives piston down. Bothvalves closed - exhaust valve opens near end
of stroke
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4 Cycle Process
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
Exhaust StrokeExhaust valve open,exhaust products aredisplaced from cylinder.Intake valve opens near end of stroke.
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2 Cycle Process
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
2 Cycle Engine: Every 1x rotation of crank shaft or 2x movement of piston yields 1x Power
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2 Cycle Process
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
Compression Stroke and Intake Stroke
Power Stroke and Exhause Stroke
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Rotary “Wankel” Engine
Teknologi dan Rekayasa
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16 Teknologi dan Rekayasa
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Briggs and Stratton
TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor
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Thanks very much
Presented by Aloysius SudibyoSMK Negeri 1 Magelang
Source: Toyota and Briggs and Stratton