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INTERNAL COMBUSTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ENGINES

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Page 1: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

INTERNAL COMBUSTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINESENGINES

Page 2: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

OutlineOutline

Gas EnginesGas EnginesOil EnginesOil EnginesDiesel EngineDiesel EnginePetrol EnginePetrol Engine

Page 3: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Gas EnginesGas Engines

HuygensHuygensPapinPapinEtienne LenoirEtienne LenoirAlphonse Beau de RochasAlphonse Beau de RochasN. A. OttoN. A. OttoCrossley BrothersCrossley Brothers

Page 4: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Huygens & PapinHuygens & Papin

Huygens (1629-1695)Huygens (1629-1695)Pre-SteamPre-SteamSmall Quantity Of Gunpowder In CylinderSmall Quantity Of Gunpowder In CylinderExplosion Raises CylinderExplosion Raises CylinderPower On DownstrokePower On Downstroke

Denis Papin (1647-1714)Denis Papin (1647-1714)Same ConceptSame Concept

Page 5: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Etienne Lenoir (1822-1900)Etienne Lenoir (1822-1900) Resembled Horizontal Resembled Horizontal

Double-Acting Steam Double-Acting Steam EngineEngineCylinder, Piston, Connecting Cylinder, Piston, Connecting

Rod, FlywheelRod, Flywheel Gas & Air Replaced SteamGas & Air Replaced Steam High Tension SparkHigh Tension Spark

Battery & Induction CoilBattery & Induction Coil Return StrokeReturn Stroke

Expelled ExhaustExpelled Exhaust Slide ValvesSlide Valves Water CooledWater Cooled

Page 6: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

4-Stroke Cycle4-Stroke Cycle

LenoirLenoir100 ft100 ft33 Of Gas Consumed Per hp-hour Of Gas Consumed Per hp-hourNo Initial Compression Of MixtureNo Initial Compression Of Mixture

Alphonse Beau de Rochas (1815-1891)Alphonse Beau de Rochas (1815-1891)Patent (1862)Patent (1862)

Protected Invention Of 4-Stroke Engine

1. Explosive Mixture In1. Explosive Mixture In2. Mixture Compressed2. Mixture Compressed3. Burning Mixture Drives Piston3. Burning Mixture Drives Piston4. Burnt Gases Are Exhausted4. Burnt Gases Are Exhausted

Page 7: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

N. A. Otto (1832-1891)N. A. Otto (1832-1891) German EngineerGerman Engineer Vertical Atmosphereic Gas Engine (1867)Vertical Atmosphereic Gas Engine (1867) Horizontal Gas Engine (1878)Horizontal Gas Engine (1878)

Based On Beau de Rochas CycleBased On Beau de Rochas Cycle

Page 8: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Otto (Continued)Otto (Continued)

Otto Never New Of Earlier PatentOtto Never New Of Earlier PatentProduced 35,000 Engines Within Produced 35,000 Engines Within

Several YearsSeveral YearsVery Few Used Electric IgnitionVery Few Used Electric Ignition

Most Used A Flame Drawn Into CylinderMost Used A Flame Drawn Into CylinderBy 1878 - 28 ftBy 1878 - 28 ft3 3 per hp-hour per hp-hour

Page 9: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Early Flame IgnitionEarly Flame Ignition

Dual FlamesDual FlamesExternalExternalInternalInternal

Internal Is Extinguished Internal Is Extinguished During IgnitionDuring Ignition

Incorporated Slide ValvesIncorporated Slide Valves

Page 10: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Other DevelopersOther Developers

Dugald Clerk (1879)Dugald Clerk (1879)2-Stroke Engine2-Stroke EngineSingle-Acting Lenoir EngineSingle-Acting Lenoir Engine

GriffinGriffin6-Stroke Engine6-Stroke Engine

Page 11: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Crossley BrothersCrossley Brothers

Built Many 4-Stroke Engines Under Otto PatentBuilt Many 4-Stroke Engines Under Otto Patent

Page 12: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Oil EnginesOil Engines

Hock & BraytonHock & BraytonDent & PriestmanDent & PriestmanHornsbyHornsby

Page 13: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Hock & BraytonHock & Brayton Gas Producing Plants Limited DevelopmentGas Producing Plants Limited Development J. Hock (1873) - Paraffin (Kerosene)J. Hock (1873) - Paraffin (Kerosene)

Pressurized Air Broke Up Jet Of Oil Into MistPressurized Air Broke Up Jet Of Oil Into MistIncomplete Combustion - UnsatisfactoryIncomplete Combustion - Unsatisfactory

Brayton (1873)Brayton (1873)Two CylindersTwo Cylinders

Compression Of MixtureActual Working

Air Forced Trough Oil Soaked Absorbent MaterialAir Forced Trough Oil Soaked Absorbent MaterialDouble-Acting, 2-Stroke CycleDouble-Acting, 2-Stroke Cycle1890 - Single-Acting On Otto Cycle1890 - Single-Acting On Otto Cycle

Page 14: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Dent & PriestmanDent & Priestman Used Vapor Of Heavy OilUsed Vapor Of Heavy Oil Otto Cycle - Horizontal & VerticalOtto Cycle - Horizontal & Vertical 100 hp100 hp Portable ModelPortable Model

Page 15: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Hornsby Oil EngineHornsby Oil Engine VaporizerVaporizer Oil Lamp To Heat Mixture Prior To Starting (10 min)Oil Lamp To Heat Mixture Prior To Starting (10 min)

Page 16: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Diesel EngineDiesel Engine

Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913)Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913)Patent (1892)Patent (1892)Based On Otto CycleBased On Otto CycleBasic PrincipleBasic Principle

Compress Air By A Rising Piston Higher Compression Than Other IC Engines

Injector Pump To Add Small Quantity Of Oil Into Combustion Chamber

Ignites Spontaneously Upon Contact With Air

Worked With All Types Of Petroleum OilWorked With All Types Of Petroleum Oil

Page 17: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Diesel Engine (Continued)Diesel Engine (Continued)

11% Greater Efficiency Than Any Other 11% Greater Efficiency Than Any Other Prime MoverPrime Mover

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesHeavier & More Solid EngineHeavier & More Solid EngineRoughness At Low SpeedsRoughness At Low SpeedsCold StartingCold Starting

Page 18: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Petrol EnginesPetrol Engines

Gottlieb DaimlerGottlieb DaimlerKarl BenzKarl BenzElectric IgnitionElectric IgnitionFloat-Feed CarburettorFloat-Feed CarburettorHot Tube IgnitionHot Tube IgnitionOpposed PistonsOpposed PistonsBalancingBalancing

Page 19: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Gottlieb DaimlerGottlieb DaimlerFather Of Modern IC EngineFather Of Modern IC EnginePremisePremise

Small & LightSmall & LightHigh-Speed MotorHigh-Speed MotorPower By High Speed RotationPower By High Speed Rotation

Patent (1884)Patent (1884)High-Speed Gas EngineHigh-Speed Gas EngineHot Tube IgnitionHot Tube Ignition

Patent (1885)Patent (1885)Single Cylinder, Enclosed Crank & FlywheelSingle Cylinder, Enclosed Crank & Flywheel

Page 20: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Patent (1885)Patent (1885)Surface CarburettorSurface Carburettor

Patent (1889)Patent (1889)V-Type Twin CylinderV-Type Twin Cylinder

150 InclinedConnecting Rod On Common Crank

Used On Motor Cars On Both ContinentsUsed On Motor Cars On Both ContinentsSold In Large QuatitiesSold In Large Quatities““First Modern Day IC Engine”First Modern Day IC Engine”

Gottlieb Daimler (Continued)Gottlieb Daimler (Continued)

Page 21: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

V-TypeV-TypeTwin CylinderTwin Cylinder

Page 22: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)

First Down StrokeFirst Down StrokeCarburetted Air At Atmospheric Pressure Through Carburetted Air At Atmospheric Pressure Through

Mushroom ValveMushroom ValveLight Spring Closes ValveLight Spring Closes Valve

First Return StrokeFirst Return StrokeMixture Is Compressed (3:1)Mixture Is Compressed (3:1)At TDC, Charge Is Fired By Hot Tube Ignition - At TDC, Charge Is Fired By Hot Tube Ignition -

Gases Increase In Pressure (20:1)Gases Increase In Pressure (20:1)

Page 23: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)

Second Down StrokeSecond Down StrokeDriven By Exploding MixtureDriven By Exploding MixtureMechanical Valve Opens To Release Exhaust To Mechanical Valve Opens To Release Exhaust To

Silencer - Remains Open During ReturnSilencer - Remains Open During ReturnSecond Return StrokeSecond Return Stroke

Completely Drives Out ExhaustCompletely Drives Out ExhaustExhaust Valve ClosesExhaust Valve Closes

Cycle RepeatsCycle Repeats

Page 24: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Properties)V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Properties)

2 to 1 Exhaust Valve Gearing2 to 1 Exhaust Valve GearingNo Exhaust On First Return StrokeNo Exhaust On First Return Stroke

Governor ControlledGovernor ControlledKeeps Exhaust Valve Closed If Speed Exceeds Keeps Exhaust Valve Closed If Speed Exceeds

MaximumMaximumFlywheel During Non Power StrokeFlywheel During Non Power Stroke

Pistons Don’t Oppose Each OtherPistons Don’t Oppose Each OtherCylinder & Valve Casting Is Water JacketedCylinder & Valve Casting Is Water Jacketed

RadiatorRadiator

Page 25: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Karl BenzKarl Benz

““Father Of First Motor Car”Father Of First Motor Car”3.5 hp Single Cylinder Petrol Engine (1893)3.5 hp Single Cylinder Petrol Engine (1893)

Otto CycleOtto CycleSlow SpeedSlow SpeedPrimtive Surface Carburettor & MixerPrimtive Surface Carburettor & MixerElectric Ignition - High Tension SystemElectric Ignition - High Tension System

Same Principle Used By Many Vehicles

Patent (1885)Patent (1885)First Motor Vehicle By BenzFirst Motor Vehicle By Benz

Page 26: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Karl BenzKarl Benz

Page 27: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Benz (1885) - Electric IgnitionBenz (1885) - Electric Ignition

Page 28: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Electri Ignition - OperationElectri Ignition - Operation 4 Volt Accumulator In Series With Primary 4 Volt Accumulator In Series With Primary

Winding Of Induction CoilWinding Of Induction Coil Trembler SwitchTrembler Switch

When Core Energizes, Interrupts CircuitWhen Core Energizes, Interrupts CircuitSwitch Springs Back Till Core EnergizesSwitch Springs Back Till Core EnergizesCycle Repeats Rapidly Making a BuzzCycle Repeats Rapidly Making a Buzz

High Tension Winding Delivers A Series Of High Tension Winding Delivers A Series Of SparksSparks

Rotary Switch Makes Sure Ignition Takes Place Rotary Switch Makes Sure Ignition Takes Place At Correct TimeAt Correct Time

Page 29: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Float Feed CarburettorFloat Feed Carburettor Wilhelm Maybach (1893)Wilhelm Maybach (1893) Daimler EnginesDaimler Engines Petrol Fed ByPetrol Fed By

GravityGravityPressurePressure

Needle JetNeedle JetAir Suction Mixes PetrolAir Suction Mixes Petrol

Float Controls Petrol Float Controls Petrol LevelLevel

Page 30: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

de Dion & Boutonde Dion & Bouton

18951895 Light, High SpeedLight, High Speed Single Cylinder, Air CooledSingle Cylinder, Air Cooled Otto CycleOtto Cycle 1500 rpm1500 rpm Surface CarburettorSurface Carburettor New Ignition SystemNew Ignition System Precursor For Many Engines Precursor For Many Engines

To Follow To Follow

Page 31: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

de Dion (1895) - Electric Ignitionde Dion (1895) - Electric Ignition

Page 32: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Outline  Gas Engines  Oil Engines  Diesel Engine  Petrol Engine

Primary BatteryPrimary BatteryPlain Induction CoilPlain Induction CoilCam & V-Shaped NotchCam & V-Shaped Notch

Electric Ignition - OperationElectric Ignition - Operation