international atomic energy agency 0 meeting on security culture embassy of hungary, vienna, 24...

International Atomic Energy Agency

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Meeting on Security Culture Meeting on Security Culture Embassy of Hungary, Vienna, 24 April 2012Embassy of Hungary, Vienna, 24 April 2012

Towards a CBRN Security Culture: Towards a CBRN Security Culture: Sharing Nuclear Sharing Nuclear Security ExperienceSecurity Experience

Dr.Dr. Khammar MrabitKhammar MrabitDirector, Office of Nuclear SecurityDirector, Office of Nuclear Security

Department of Nuclear Safety and SecurityDepartment of Nuclear Safety and Security


ContentsContents

• Background

• Evolution & Importance of Nuclear Security Culture

• IAEA Activities in Nuclear Security Culture

• Nuclear Security Culture in the context of CBRN Terrorism

• Conclusion

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BackgroundBackground

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International Atomic Energy Agency4

Nuclear Security ThreatsNuclear Security Threats

Threats to nuclear security involve criminals or terrorists acquiring and

using for malicious purposes:

•Nuclear weapons

•Nuclear material to make IND

•Radioactive material for RDD or RED

Threats could also involve radioactive material dispersion through sabotage of facility or transport.

Global Nuclear Security FrameworkGlobal Nuclear Security Framework

National & Regional NuclearSecurity Infrastructure

IAEA Nuclear Security

Guidelines

IAEA Peer Reviews & Advisory Services

E&TCRP

Knowledge

Networks

Regulatory & LawEnforcements

Agencies

Operation &Use

TSOs, Research, Education & Training

International

Legal Instruments

Conventions: CPPNM & 2005 Amend., UNSCR 1540.

CoC on Safety & Security of Rad. CoC on Safety & Security of Rad.

Sources & INFCIRC/225/Rev. 5


The Key Nuclear Security ElementsThe Key Nuclear Security Elements

• State Responsibility

• Identification and Definition of Duties and Responsibilities

• Legislative and Regulatory Framework

• International Transport

• Offenses and Penalties Including Criminalization

• International Cooperation and Assistance

• Identification and Assessment of Targets and Consequences

• Use of Risk-Informed Approaches

• Detection of Nuclear Security Events

• Planning/ Preparedness/ Response to a Nuclear Security Event

• Sustaining a Nuclear Security Regime

Security culture is vital for sustaining a nuclear security regime

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IAEA Nuclear Security Fundamentals define the following key elements:


Evolution & Importance of Evolution & Importance of Nuclear Security Culture (NSC)Nuclear Security Culture (NSC)

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NSC as a Fundamental PrincipleNSC as a Fundamental Principle

• Included in the “ The Physical Protection Objectives and Fundamental Principles” endorsed by the BoG and welcomed by GC in September 2011.

• Recognized by the International Conference on Nuclear Security in 2005 - “The fundamental principles of nuclear security include embedding a nuclear security culture thought the organizations involved. By the coherent implementation of a NSC, staff remain vigilant of the need to maintain a high level of security”

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NSC as a Fundamental Principle NSC as a Fundamental Principle (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

• Incorporated in Amendment to the CPPNM, July 2005

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Fundamental Principle F — Security Culture:

“All organizations involved in implementing physical protection should give due priority to the security culture, to its development and maintenance necessary to ensure its effective implementation in the entire organization”.


Nuclear Security SummitNuclear Security Summit

The Washington NSS in 2010 underlined the importance of NSC:

“Participating States

will work to promote

and sustain

strong nuclear

security culture”

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Nuclear Security Summit Nuclear Security Summit (Cont’d) (Cont’d)

The Seoul Summit last month: •Underlined that investment in humancapacity building is fundamental to promoting and sustaining a strong nuclear security culture

•Encouraged governments, regulatorybodies, industry, academia, nongovernmental organizations and the media, to fully commit to enhancing security culture

•Welcomed the effort by IAEA to share experience and lessons learned and to optimize available resources

•Encouraged States to promote a security culture that emphasizes the need to protect nuclear security related information

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IAEA Activities in Nuclear IAEA Activities in Nuclear Security CultureSecurity Culture

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IAEA Definition of Nuclear Security CultureIAEA Definition of Nuclear Security Culture

Implementing Guide NSS-7•The assembly of characteristics, principles, attitudes and behaviour of individuals, organizations and institutions which serves as a means to support and enhance nuclear security.

•Appropriate NSC ensures that the implementation of nuclear security measures receive the attention warranted by their significance.


Nuclear Security Culture ModelNuclear Security Culture Model

The nuclear security culture model described in the IAEA Guide is derived from a widely used 3- layer model of organizational culture

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Nuclear Security Culture ModelNuclear Security Culture Model

• BELIEFS AND ATTITUDE

• PRINCIPLES

• MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

• BEHAVIOUR

• Leadership

• Personnel

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Beliefs and AttitudesBeliefs and Attitudes

• Exist in people’s minds

• Beliefs and attitudes:

• are developed through experience

• are developed over time

• affect individual behaviour

• ultimately affect nuclear security effectiveness

• Important for security personnel and also others in organizations

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PrinciplesPrinciples

• Instilled by managers into organization

• Seen as guiding decisions of management

• Principles for guiding decisions and behaviour are:• motivation

• leadership

• commitment and responsibility

• professionalism and competence

• learning and improvement

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Management SystemsManagement Systems

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Importance of BehaviourImportance of Behaviour

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Role of International CommunityRole of International Community

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• States have common interest in nuclear security - national legislation & regulation

• International community provides guidance in security areas and facilitates assistance

• International Instruments: CPPNM, Nuclear Terrorism Convention, UNSC resolutions 1373 & 1540, CoC …etc. support the need for nuclear security, including NSC

• IAEA offers publications, training and assistance programmes on NSC


Role of State Role of State

Establish legal and regulatory framework to foster effective NSC

State organizations that may be involved:• Nuclear regulator

• Law enforcement

• Military

• Health ministry

• Intelligence

• Emergency response

• Public information


Role of Organizations Role of Organizations

Within a State various organizations have responsibilities associated with nuclear security.

Each organization should have:

•Nuclear security policy

•Management structure

•Resources

•Management systems

•Review and improvements


Role of IAEA: Establishment of Nuclear Role of IAEA: Establishment of Nuclear Security Series PublicationsSecurity Series Publications

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3

6-4-15

8-4-16

Fundamentals; Objective and Essential Elements

Recommendations

Implementing Guides

Technical Guidance

17 Published – 8 in Final Stage – 31 Planned

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Role of IAEA: Provision for application of Role of IAEA: Provision for application of Guidance: Guidance: Education & TrainingEducation & Training

E & T in figures:

•About 30 different NS

training courses were designed.

•About 60 events (training courses, workshops)

organized per year.

•About 10.200 participants from 120 States were trained in 400 training events.

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Role of IAEA: Provision for application of Role of IAEA: Provision for application of Guidance: Guidance: Education & Training Education & Training (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

A partnership between theIAEA and universities,

research has beenestablished:

INSENINSEN

Mission: to enhance global nuclear security by developing, sharing and promoting excellence in nuclear security education

Created in 201042 participants from 21 States:

26 universities, 2 international organizations& several other stakeholders



Created in Jan- Feb 2012 Created in Jan- Feb 2012 - - 47 participants: 30 countries, GP, EU, UNODA, UNODC, 1540 Committee and WINS.

Mission:

To contribute to global efforts to enhance nuclear security through an effective and collaborative network of Nuclear Security Training and Support Centres

Objectives:

• promote a high level of nuclear security training and support services as a cornerstone in the development of sustainable national, regional and global nuclear security training and support centres;

• facilitate the cooperation and assistance activities to optimize the use of available resources and leverage those resources to meet specific needs.

Based on experience learned from Nuclear Safety Networks and International Nuclear Security Education Network experience



Global umbrella with regional sub groups


Role of IAEA: Regional Workshop Role of IAEA: Regional Workshop on NSC: on NSC: ObjectivesObjectives

- To provide a basic awareness and understanding of NSC

- To give an insight into the relevant international and national legal instruments that impact on NSC

- To provide an understanding of the universal features of NSC, including the roles of the State, organizations, managers, good institutional governance and the attitudes of individuals

- To discuss the experience in enhancing the NSC within organization and with the public and the measures taken to sustain their security activities

- To familiarize attendees with basic elements of evaluation methodology

IAEA Workshop methodology is applicable for security culture familiarization and discussion in non-nuclear areas (chemical, bio) 　　

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Role of IAEA: Role of IAEA: Peer ReviewsPeer Reviews

IPPAS – International Physical Protection Advisory Service

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• Service organized since 1996• 54 Missions to 37 States• IPPAS reports are confidential• Provides assessment of the NSC in operation,

maintenance and self-assessment


Synergy between Safety and Security Synergy between Safety and Security CultureCulture

• Principal shared objective of Nuclear Security and Nuclear Safety: the protection of people, society and the environment from the effects of harmful nuclear radiation

• Safety and Security Culture attributes are similar:

- Safety and security are clearly recognized values- Leadership for both is a prerequisite for success- Accountability for both is a fundamental requirement- Safety and security should be integrated into all other

activities- Safety and security are learning and experience driven

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Synergy vs. Challenge: Synergy vs. Challenge: CommunicationCommunication

• For Safety Culture, all individuals are prevailed upon to share information openly for transparency and openness

• In the same way, Security Culture requires that individuals respond immediately to confirmed or perceived threats and incidents, but restrict communication to non sensitive/classified information

Safety- Security interface and communication patterns could be used for CBRN culture

consideration31


Nuclear Security Culture in the context of CBRN Terrorism

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CBRN Security Culture Workshop 2012CBRN Security Culture Workshop 2012

• Organized by the Centre for International Trade and Security at University of Georgia, USA, 6-8 Feb. 2012

• Participants included international organizations (IAEA, OPCW, UNODA, WHO), government officials as well as NGOs and business community, involved in combating CBRN terrorism

• Shared experience in establishment and maintenance of security culture

• Recognized IAEA record, experience and achievements in enhancement of nuclear security culture

• Considered CBRN security culture in context of UNSC Resolution 1540

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Towards Sustainable CBRN Security CultureTowards Sustainable CBRN Security Culture

Outcomes of CBRN Security Culture Workshop:

•CBRN threat environment is common and requires culture‐based approach in combating WMD proliferation and terrorism•Security cultures exist in respective areas to protect sensitive materials and prevent acts of chemical bio- of radiological sabotage•Promotion of security culture requires sufficient communication between CBRN sectors and good practice sharing

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Towards Sustainable CBRN Security CultureTowards Sustainable CBRN Security Culture

Outcomes of CBRN Security Culture Workshop (Cont’d):

•IAEA generic model of NSC is recommended for facilitation security culture in chemical and bio- sectors•Evaluation methodology and performance indicators for security culture are needed for all CBRN sectors•Efforts are under way to develop a comprehensive report on joint architecture of CBRN security culture

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Conclusion Conclusion

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ConclusionConclusion• Nuclear Security Culture is a mature

concept – Standards and Guidance established and used by many States

• IAEA is developing an action plan to provide further technical guidance on security culture to a variety of nuclear facilities and radioactive source operators

• At the same time drawing on its concept of nuclear security culture, IAEA is sharing its experience with chemical and bio sectors

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Conclusion Conclusion (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

• A more integrated approach and a common foundation of CBRN security culture will significantly facilitate global efforts against WMD terrorism

• UNSCR 1540 Committee or …could provide necessary vehicle to coordinate these efforts involving all relevant stakeholders

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……Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

[email protected]

international atomic energy agency 0 meeting on security culture embassy of hungary, vienna, 24...

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