international civil aviation conference. chicago, illinois, 1944

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national Civil Aviation Conference. Chicago, Illinois, 1944

International Civil Aviation Organization

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INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION CONFERENCE

Chicago, Illinois, 1 November to 7 December 1944

In response to the invitation of the

United States Government,

representatives of 54 nations met atChicago from November 1 to

December 7, 1944, to "make

arrangements for the immediate

establishment of provisional world air

routes and services" and "to set up an

interim council to collect, record and

study data concerning international

aviation and to make

recommendations for its

improvement." The Conference was

also invited to "discuss the principles

and methods to be followed in the

adoption of a new aviation

convention."

Proceedings of the International Civil

Aviation Conference

Copyright 1995-2006, ICAO All Rights Reserved Disclaimer Webmaster Optimized for a screen resolution of 1024 x 768

ICAO Home

Introduction

Invitation

List of delegates

Committees

Proceedings

Convention

Photo gallery

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Introduction

response to the invitation of the United States Government, representatives of 54 nations met athicago from November 1 to December 7, 1944, to "make arrangements for the immediatetablishment of provisional world air routes and services" and "to set up an interim council to colleccord and study data concerning international aviation and to make recommendations for its

mprovement." The Conference was also invited to "discuss the principles and methods to be followee adoption of a new aviation convention."

xploratory conversations with a number of governments had already been conducted bilaterally by nited States Government, and the conference met with the texts of four draft proposals alreadyepared for its consideration by the Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdd Canada, and by Australia and New Zealand jointly.

he Conference immediately set up, in addition to the normal working committees (Executive,ominations, Steering, Credentials, and Rules and Regulations Committees), four technical committ

ith appropriate subcommittees. These were as follows:

ommittee I. Multilateral Aviation Convention and International Aeronautical Body

ommittee II. Technical Standards and Procedures

ommittee III. Provisional Air Routes

ommittee IV. Interim Council

he work of the conference was divided into:

1. The establishment of a permanent multilateral convention and international aeronautic body.2. The creation of international technical standards and procedures.3. The perfecting of arrangements for provisional air routes.4. The establishment of an interim council to function in international aviation pending ratificati

of a full convention, which might take as long as three years.

arly in these discussions the Committee on Multilateral Aviation Convention and Internationaleronautical Body rejected the joint proposal from the New Zealand and Australian Delegations for

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ternational ownership and operation of civil air services on world trunk routes. The rejection of thaoposal indicated the tendency of the Conference away from extensive international control of airrvices.

f the three other plans which remained before the Committee, the United States plan called for anternational aviation authority with powers limited to the technical and consultative fields; the Canaan aimed to set up international authority with power to allocate routes, review rates, and determin

equencies of operation, but with that power curbed by specific formulae under which the authorityould operate; and the United Kingdom plan proposed more discretionary power to the internationalthority in allocating routes, fixing rates, and determining frequencies.

was soon obvious that none of the three plans would emerge intact from the discussions and that thnal Conference proposal, if agreement were reached, would be a composite of all plans.

hen it was found that agreement was not going to be readily reached, open committee meetings wespended, and from Sunday, November 12, until Monday, November 20, the Delegations from thenited Kingdom, United States of America, and Canada were in almost continuous closed conferenceffort to reconcile their divergent proposals. At the end of that period they were able to place befo

e Conference "without committing themselves" proposals for a joint "partial draft of a section of aternational air convention relating primarily to air transport", with certain articles and provisions le

pen as being still under discussion.

arly Conference discussions on the functions of the proposed world air body had centered on theuestions of whether it would have power to allocate routes, determine rates, and fix frequencies ofperation over specific routes. The joint plan answered the first two questions in the negative but leftird open. Thus it was indicated that the proposed body would have purely advisory and consultativnctions so far as economic matters were concerned.

s to the body's composition, the joint plan suggested an Assembly of representatives of member staith each state having one vote in the election of a Board of seven which would represent the membeates "of chief importance in air transport". The Board would carry out the Assembly's directions,tablish the working personnel of the world air administration, and publish information relating toternational air services, including costs of operation and data on subsidies paid to operators from

ublic funds.

mong other important provisions of the plan were these:

1. Each State would reserve to its own carriers traffic originating and terminating within its bordand territories.

2. The board would have power to appoint regional and subordinate commissions to conductresearch into all fields of international air transport.

3. The board would receive complaints about inadequate landing facilities and recommend and hfinance improvements.



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4. Passenger and freight rates would be determined by regional operators' associations at reasonblevels. At the request of one or more member states, the Board could recommend changes in trates fixed by operators conferences. If the operators failed to observe the recommendations, tBoard could set its own rates, which would be effective unless a state concerned disapproved

his was the substance of the plan laid before the delegates. Subsequently when the United States annited Kingdom Delegations submitted to the Conference their separate proposals on freedoms of th

r and frequency of operations, the hub of the problem became evident. It centered on differences inncepts of the United States and United Kingdom of how pickup traffic on long hauls should bentrolled. The problem revolved about the Fifth Freedom of the Air, the right of an airline to take ond discharge passengers at intermediate points along a through route traversing a number of countri

he United States and United Kingdom Delegations were both agreed that this right should be limiteat the airlines of nations comprising the links of a through route could have reasonable opportunitympete with an airline traversing the whole route. They diverged, however, on the formula to achiee limitation.

hether agreement on ultimate goals could be reached depended on the solution of that problem.therwise it would be necessary to revert to the Conference's original plan of arranging for world rourough bilateral negotiations between nations rather than through a blanket grant of commercial tranivileges by each member nation to all others.

xhaustive discussions revealed that no one formula could be found to satisfy all points of view and uations. The United States then proposed that separate agreements embodying the extent to whichtions would grant each other reciprocal air rights, referred to as the "Freedoms of the Air", be prep

y the Conference and made available for signatures, by these states which wished to exchange theghts.

hese Five Freedoms of the Air are:

1. Freedom of peaceful transit.2. Freedom of non-traffic stop (to refuel, repair, or refuge).3. Freedom to take traffic from the homeland to any country.

4. Freedom to bring traffic from any country to the homeland.5. Freedom to pick up and discharge traffic at intermediate points.

is clear that the unqualified granting of all of these Five Freedoms to any other nation involved sucultitude of factors, many of which had nothing to do with aeronautics, that it was impossible forreement to be reached. It was in endeavoring to achieve this difficult task that protracted discussio

n plan and counterplan took place and created the entirely false impression that the Conference hadiled.



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n the contrary, the positive gains of the Chicago Conference were outstanding. They included:

1. A permanent international act of great importance, the Convention on International CivilAviation, was concluded and opened for signature. Although lacking the controverted economarticles, this instrument provided a complete modernization of the basic public international laof the air. It was intended to replace the Paris Convention on Aerial Navigation of October 131919, and did so when it came into effect on April 4, 1947. It also provided the constitution fo

new permanent international organization, the International Civil Aviation Organization, whichas now replaced the previous international organization of more limited scope, the InternatioCommission for Air Navigation.

2. The International Air Services Transit Agreement, commonly known as the Two Freedomsagreement, was concluded and opened for signature. This agreement had been accepted by 36states as of June 30, 1947. It has done much to strike the shackles previously limiting thedevelopment of world-wide air commerce.

3. The International Air Transport Agreement, commonly known as the Five Freedoms agreemewas also concluded and opened for signature. Although it was known at the time that thisagreement would not be acceptable to a number of states, it served a temporary useful purposfor the states that did accept it. The number of accepting states reached a maximum of 17, butis now declining, 4 having denounced the agreement. The United States gave notice ofdenunciation of its acceptance on July 25, 1946, and ceased to be a party to this agreement onJuly 25, 1947.

4. A standard form of bilateral agreement for the exchange of air routes was prepared andrecommended by the Conference as part of its final act. This standard form has subsequentlybeen widely used and has done much to bring a measure of consistency into the many newbilateral agreements which have been necessary.

5. An Interim Agreement on International Civil Aviation was completed and opened for signatuIt came into effect on June 6, 1945, thereby providing an interim basis for many phases ofinternational civil aviation and a constitution for the Provisional International Civil AviationOrganization. The interim agreement was replaced when the convention came into effect on A4, 1947.

6. Finally, a world-wide common basis was established for the technical and operational aspectsinternational civil aviation. The technical contributions of the Conference, as printed in thepresent volume under the title "Drafts of Technical Annexes", run to some 188 pages ofrecommendations on such matters as airworthiness of aircraft, air traffic control, and the like.This comprehensive body of technical material undoubtedly represents the most striking advaever achieved at a single conference in the field of international technical collaboration. Thetechnical recommendations prepared at Chicago and the later revisions prepared by theProvisional International Civil Aviation Organization have served as a guide to practice



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throughout the world and have been of basic importance in the extraordinary expansion ofinternational civil aviation which has occurred since 1945.

the light of this record of achievement, it can safely be said that the International Civil Aviationonference at Chicago was one of the most successful, productive, and influential internationalnferences ever held.


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Invitation of the United States of America to the Conference

n September 11 the Government of the United States sent the following invitation to the Governmed Authorities listed below:

The Government of the United States has concluded bilateral exploratory conversations with a numother governments which have displayed a special interest on the subject of post-war civil aviation

ith particular emphasis on the development of international air transport.

These discussions have indicated a substantial measure of agreement on such topics as the right ofansit and non-traffic stops, the non-exclusivity of international operating rights, the application ofbotage to air traffic, the control of rates and competitive practices, the gradual curtailment ofbsidies, the need for uniform operating and safety standards and the standardization of coordinatior navigation aids and communications facilities, the use of airports and facilities on a non-scriminatory basis, and the operation of airports and facilities in certain areas. It was also generallynceded that international collaboration, probably by means of an international aeronautical body,

ould be desirable in achieving and implementing the aforementioned objectives, although there wame diversity of opinion as to the extent of regulatory powers on economic matters which should belegated to this international body.

The approaching defeat of Germany, and the consequent liberation of great parts of Europe and Afrom military interruption of traffic, sets up the urgent need for establishing an international civil airrvice pattern on a provisional basis at least, so that all important trade and population areas of theorld may obtain the benefits of air transportation as soon as possible, and so that the restorativeocesses of prompt communication may be available to assist in returning great areas to processes o

ace.

The Government of the United States believes that an international civil aviation conference mightofitably be convened within the near future, for the purpose of agreeing on an increase in existingrvices and on the early establishment of international air routes and services for operation in and toeas now freed from danger of military interruption, such arrangements to continue during a transitiriod. This conference might also agree so far as possible upon the principles of a permanentternational structure of civil aviation and air transport, and might set up appropriate interimmmittees to prepare definitive proposals. Definitive action on such proposals, based on practical

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perience gained during the interim period, might be taken either as a result of a later conference, orrect approval of the governments without the necessity of conference.

This Government suggests that the international conference proposed for the immediate future couldve the following objectives:

(a) The establishment of provisional world route arrangements by general agreement to be reache

e Conference. These arrangements would form the basis for the prompt establishment of internatior transport services by the appropriate countries.

b) The countries participating in the conference would also be asked to agree to grant the landing aansit rights necessary for establishing the provisional route arrangements and air services referred toove.

It would be highly desirable if each delegation were sufficiently familiar with its country's plans foternational air services to permit formulation of an international air transport pattern referred to inragraphs (a) and (b) above.)

I. The establishment of an Interim Council to act as the clearing house and advisory agency during ansitional period. It would receive and consider recommendations from each of the workingmmittees referred to in item III; it would report upon desirable revisions in routes and services dure interim period, subject to the approval of the countries served by these routes and services; it wouaintain liaison with each of the participating countries; it would supervise studies and submitformation to the interested governments concerning the development of air transport during theansitional period; and would make recommendations to be considered at any subsequent internationnference.

II. Agreement upon the principles to be followed in setting up a permanent international aeronauticody, and a multilateral aviation convention dealing with the fields of air transport, air navigation aniation technical subjects; and, for the purpose of developing the details and making proposals forrrying into effect the principles so agreed, the establishment of the following working committees,hich would be under the supervision of the Interim Council:

a) A committee to follow developments relating to the establishment of the routes and services to btablished under item I, to correlate traffic data, to study related problems and to recommend desirabvisions in routes and services. This committee would also make studies and recommendationsncerning the future pattern of these routes and services.

b) A central technical committee, with subordinate sub-committees, which would work closely wite committee described in subparagraph (c) below, to consider the whole field of technical matterscluding standards, procedures, and minimum requirements, and to make recommendations for theirplication and adoption at the earliest practicable time.



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c) A committee to draft a proposal with respect to the constitution of a permanent internationalronautical body and a new multilateral aviation convention.

Having in mind the foregoing considerations as a basis for discussion, the Government of the Uniteates extends a cordial invitation to your Government to participate in an international conference ae above lines, to take place in the United States beginning November 1, 1944; and in view of the tiement would appreciate receiving an early response as to whether your Government can arrange tove a delegation at such conference.

This invitation is being extended to the following governments and authorities:

a) all members of the United Nations;

b) nations associated with the United Nations in this war;

c) the European and Asiatic neutral nations, in view of their close relationship to the expansion of aansport which may be expected along with the liberation of Europe.

The Danish Minister and Thai Minister in Washington will be invited to attend in their personalpacities."

List of Governments and Authorities to whom invitations were extended

fghanistan Greece Peru

ustralia Guatemala Philippineselgium Haiti Poland

olivia Honduras Portugal

razil Iceland Saudi Arabia

anada India Spain

hile Iran Sweden

hina Iraq Switzerland

olombia Ireland Syria

osta Rica Lebanon Turkey

uba Liberia Union of South Africa

zechoslovakia LuxembourgUnion of Soviet SocialistRepublics

ominican Republic Mexico Uruguary

cuador Netherlands Venezuela

gypt New Zealand Yugoslavia



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l Salvador NicaraguaThe Danish Minister inWashington

thiopia Norway The Thai Minister in Washing

rench Delegation Panama

reat Britain Paraguay


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List of Delegates

he Governments ofAfghanistan, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colomosta Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Frareece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembouexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippineommonwealth, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Union of South Afric

nited Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia;

aving accepted the invitation extended to them by the Government of the United States of Americarepresented at an International Civil Aviation Conference;

ppointed their respective delegates, who are listed below by countries in the order of alphabeticalecedence:

FGHANISTANABDEL HOSAYN AZIZ, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationSAID TADJEDDIN, First Secretary, Afghan Legation, WashingtonSHER MOHAMED QURAISHI

USTRALIAARTHUR S. DRAKEFORD, Minister for Air and Minister for Civil Aviation; Chairman of th

DelegationDANIEL McVEY, Director General of Civil Aviation

LIEUTENANT COLONEL W. R. HODGSON, Secretary, Department of External AffairsCAPTAIN E. C. JOHNSTON, Assistant Director General of Civil Aviation

ELGIUMVISCOUNT ALAIN DU PARC, Minister Plenipotentiary, Belgian Embassy, New York;Chairman of the DelegationJOSEPH JENNEN, Commercial Counselor for Supply, Belgian Embassy, WashingtonJOSEPH NISOT, Legal Adviser, Belgian Embassy, New YorkEMILE ALLARD, Professor, University of Brussels and Lige

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OLIVIALIEUTENANT COLONEL ALFREDO PACHECO, Military and Air Attach, BolivianEmbassy Washington; Chairman of the DelegationFEDERICO A. ROCHA, President, Lloyd Aero Boliviano

RAZILHAHNEMANN GUIMARAES, Solicitor General; Chairman of the DelegationALBERTO DE MELLO FLORES, Director of Construction, Ministry of AeronauticsLIEUTENANT COLONEL CLOVIS M. TRAVASSOS, Air Attach, Brazilian Embassy,Washington

ANADAC. D. HOWE, Minister of Reconstruction; Chairman of the DelegationH. J. SYMINGTON, President, Trans-Canada Air LinesJ. A. WILSON, Director of Air Services, Department of Transport

HILEBRIGADIER GENERAL RAFAEL SENZ, Vice President, Chilean National Airline;Chairman of the DelegationCOLONEL GREGORIO BISQUERT, Director, Civil Aeronautics AdministrationCOLONEL RAL MAGALLANES, Judge Advocate, Chilean Air Force

HINA

KIA-NGAU CHANG, Adviser to the Chinese Government; former Minister of CommunicatiChairman of the DelegationMAJOR GENERAL PANG-TSU MOW, Deputy Director of the Commission on AeronauticaAffairsCHIEH LIU, Minister Plenipotentiary, Chinese Embassy, Washington

OLOMBIALUIS TAMAYO, Minister Plenipotentiary-Consul General, New York; Chairman of the

Delegation

LUIS GUILLERMO ECHEVERRI, Minister of CommunicationsGUILLERMO E. SUREZ, Commercial Counselor, Colombian Embassy, WashingtonCOLONEL ERNESTO BUENAVENTURA, Colombian Air Force; former Military Attach,Colombian Embassy,WashingtonLIEUTENANT COLONEL JORGE MNDEZ CALVO, Colombian Air Force

OSTA RICAROMN MACAYA; Chairman of the DelegationMARIO SABORIO

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JAIME CARRANZAEDWARD WILLIAM SCOTT; Adviser

UBAFELIPE PAZOS, Commercial Attach, Cuban Embassy, Washington; representing the Minisof State; Chairman of the DelegationOSCAR SANTA MARIA, representing the Ministry of Communications

MARIO TORRES MENIER, representing the Ministry of CommerceALBERTO BOADA, representing the National Transport Commission; Secretary to the

Delegation

ZECHOSLOVAKIAAIR VICE MARSHAL KAREL JANOUSEK, Inspector General of the Czechoslovak AirForces; Chairman of the DelegationLIEUTENANT COLONEL ALEXANDER HESS, Assistant Military and Air Attach,Czechoslovak Embassy, Washington; Vice Chairman of the Delegation

FLIGHT LIEUTENANT JOSEF DUBSKY, R. A. F.KAMIL KLEINERSQUADRON LEADER STANISLAV KREJCIK, R. A. F.SQUADRON LEADER FRANTISEK MARTINEK, R. A. F.MILAN PITLIK

OMINICAN REPUBLICCHARLES A. MCLAUGHLIN, Technical Colonel, Army of the Dominican Republic; Chairof the Delegation

CUADORJOS A. CORREA, First Secretary, Ecuadoran Embassy, Washington; Chairman of the

DelegationJORGE J. TRUJILLOERNESTO BONILLACARLOS DE LA PAZFRANCISCO GOMEZ JURADO

GYPTMAHMOUD BEY HASSAH, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationMOHAMED BEY ROUSHDY, Director General of Civil AviationMOHAMED ALI FAHMY, Controller, Section of Aviation InspectionOSMAN HAMDY, Controller, Section of Aeronautical Navigation and AerodromesLIEUTENANT COLONEL MOHAMED ABDEL HALIW KHALIFA, R. E. A. F.

L SALVADORFRANCISCO PARRAGA; Chairman of the Delegation



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ARMANDO LLANOS

THIOPIABLATTA EPHREM TEWELDE MEDHEN, Minister to the United States; Chairman to the

DelegationGETAHOWN TESEMMA, First Secretary, Ethiopian Legation, Washington;Alternate Deleg

RANCEMAX HYMANS, former Cabinet Minister; Director of Air Transport; Chairman of the

DelegationCLAUDE LEBEL, Chief, Transport Division, Ministry of Foreign AffairsPIERRE LOCUSSSOL, Deputy Chief, Office of the Air MinisterANDR BOURGES, Civil Engineer of Aviation; Attach, Office of the Air Minister

REECEMAJOR GENERAL DEMETRIOS T. N. BOTZARIS; Chairman of the DelegationALEXANDER ARGYROPOULOSGROUP CAPTAIN JOHN HADJINIKOLIS, R. H. A. F.WING COMMANDER RENOS PQNGIS, R. H. A. F.SQUADRON LEADER DEMETRIOS COUNDOURIS, R. H. A. F.

UATEMALACOLONEL OSCAR MORALES LPEZ, Chief of the Guatemalan Army Air Force; DirectorGeneral of Civil Aeronautics; Chairman of the DelegationFRANCISCO LINARES ARANDA, Second Secretary, Guatemalan Embassy, Washington

AITICAPTAIN EDOUARD ROY, Commanding Officer of the Aviation Corps; Chairman of the

Delegation

ONDURASEMILIO P. LEFEBVRE; Chairman of the DelegationCOLONEL JOSEPH B. PATEJOS AGUSTO RODRGUEZ

CELANDTHOR THORS, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationAGNAR KOFOED-HANSEN, Special Adviser to Icelandic Government in AviationGUDMUNDUR HLIDDAL, Director of Posts and TelegraphsSIGURDUR THORODDSEN, Civil Engineer; Member of Icelandic Parliament

NDIA



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SIR GIRJA SHANKAR BAJPAI, Agent General for India; Chairman of the DelegationSIR GURUNATH BEWOOR, Secretary to the Government of India, Posts and Air DepartmeSIR FREDERICK TYMMS Director of Civil Aviation in IndiaSIRDAR G. D. SINGH, Civil Aviation DirectorateS. C. SEN, Civil Aviation Directorate;Delegate and Secretary

RAN

MOHAMMED SHAYESTEH, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationHOSSEIN NAVAB, Consul General, New YorkTAGHI NASSR, Iranian Trade and Economic Commissioner, New YorkCOLONEL MAHMOUD KHOSROVANI

RAQALI JAWDAT, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationCOLONEL SAMI FATTAH, Chief of the Royal Iraqi Air ForceAKRAM MUSHTAQ, Director of Civil Aviation of Iraq

ALI FUAD, Director of Basra Civil Airport

RELANDROBERT BRENNAN, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationJOHN LEYDON, Permanent Secretary, Department of Industry and CommerceJOHN J. HEARNE, High Commissioner at OttawaTIMOTHY J. O'DRISCOLL, Principal Officer, Aviation and Marine Division, Department oIndustry and Commerce

EBANONCAMILLE CHAMOUN, Minister in London; Chairman of the DelegationFAOUZI EL-HOSS

IBERIAWALTER F. WALKER, Consul General, New York; Chairman of the DelegationJOHN LEWIS COOPER, Chief, Radio Service of Liberia

UXEMBOURGHUGUES LE GALLAIS, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the Delegation

EXICOCOLONEL PEDRO A. CHAPA, representing the Ministry of Communications and PublicWorks; Chairman of the DelegationJOS L. COSSO, representing the Ministry of Foreign RelationsGUILLERMO GONZLEZ, Engineer, representing the Ministry of Communications and PuWorksLUIS ANDRADE, representing the Ministry of National Economy



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ETHERLANDSM. P. L. STEENBERGHE, Chairman of the Netherlands Economic, Financial, and ShippingMission; Chairman of the DelegationB. KLEIJN MOLEKAMP, Minister Plenipotentiary, Netherlands Embassy, WashingtonF. C. ARONSTEIN, Member, Netherlands Economic, Financial, and Shipping Mission; Advito the Minister of Overseas Territories

F. H. COPES VAN HASSELT, Legal Adviser in Aviation Matters, Department of Public Woand Transport

EW ZEALANDHON. D. G. SULLIVAN, Minister of Industries, Commerce, Supply, and Munitions; MembeWar Cabinet, Wellington; Chairman of the DelegationHON. C. A. BERENDSEN, Minister to the United States, WashingtonFOSS SHANAHAN, Prime Minister's Department (External Affairs Department)AIR COMMODORE ARTHUR DE T. NEVILL, Vice Chief of Air Staff, Wellington

ICARAGUARICHARD E. FRIZELL; Chairman of the Delegation

ORWAYWILHELM MUNTHE DE MORGENSTIERNE, Ambassador to the United States; Chairmanthe DelegationKNUD SOEMME, Member, Board of Directors, Royal Norwegian Air TransportJOHAN GEORG RAEDER, Commercial Counselor, Norwegian Embassy, LondonMAJOR ALF HEUM, R. N. A. F., Chief, Section for Civil Aviation, Ministry of Defense

ANAMACARLOS ICAZA; Chairman of the DelegationINOCENCIO GALINDO, EngineerENRIQUE LEFEVRE, EngineerNARCISO E. GARAY, First Secretary, Panamanian Embassy, Washington

ARAGUAYLIEUTENANT COMMANDER A. DANIEL CANDIA, Naval Attach, Paraguayan EmbassWashington; Chairman of the Delegation

ERUGENERAL ARMANDO REVOREDO, Air Attach, Peruvian Embassy, Washington; Chairmof the DelegationJOS KOECHLIN, Chairman Aviation Committee of the Chamber of DeputiesLUIS ALVARADO, Minister Counselor, Ottawa



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FEDERICO ELGUERA, Consul General, ChicagoLIEUTENANT COMMANDER GUILLERMO VAN OORDT, Peruvian Air Force

HILIPPINE COMMONWEALTHJAIME HERNANDEZ, Secretary of Finance; Chairman of the DelegationURBANO A. ZAFRA, Economic Adviser to the President of the Philippine Commonwealth;

Acting Chairman of the Delegation

COLONEL MANUEL NIETO, Secretary of Agriculture and CommerceJOSEPH H. FOLEY, Manager, Philippine National Bank, New York Agency, PhilippineCommonwealth

OLANDJAN CIECHANOWSKI, Ambassador to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationZBYSLAW CIOLKOSZ, Director, Civil Aviation Department, Ministry of Commerce, Indusand Shipping; Vice Chairman of the DelegationSTEFAN J. KONORSKI, Legal Adviser, Civil Aviation Department, Ministry of Commerce,

Industry, and ShippingHENRYK GORECKI, Chairman, Air Communications Committee, State Air Council; formeManaging Director, "Lot" Air LinesLUDWIK H. GOTTLIEB, International Organizations Department, Ministry of Foreign AffaSTANISLAW SZULC, Industry Department, Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and ShippingGROUP CAPTAIN WITOLD URBANOWICZ, Air Attach, Polish Embassy, Washington

ORTUGALMARIO DE FIGUEIREDO, former Cabinet Minister; Professor of Law, University of CoimbChairman of the DelegationBRIGADIER ALFREDO DELESQUE DOS SANTOS CINTRA, Vice President, National ACouncilDUARTE PINTO BASTO DE GUSMO CALHEIROS, Assistant Postmaster GeneralVASCO VIEIRA GARIN, Counselor, Portuguese Embassy, Washington; Portuguese Chargd'Affaires ad interim

PAINESTEBAN TERRADAS E ILLA, President, Board of the National Institute of Aeronautical

Technology; Chairman of the DelegationGERMN BARAIBAR Y USANDIZAGA, Diplomatic Officer with rank of Minister;ViceChairman of the DelegationCOLONEL JUAN BONO BOIX, Director General of Civil AviationCOLONEL FRANCISCO VIVES CAMINO, Director General of Ground ConstructionLIEUTENANT COLONEL LUIS AZCRRAGA PREZ CABALLERO, Director General oFlight ProtectionCSAR GMEZ LUCIA, Managing Director, Iberia AirlineMAJOR ULTAKO KINDELAN, Assistant Air Attach, Spanish Embassy, London



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WEDENRAGNAR KUMLIN, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil; Chaiman othe DelegationTORD KNUTSSON NGSTRM, Assistant Director of Civil AviationPER ADOLF NORLIN, General Manager, Swedish Intercontinental Air LinesGUSTAF ALLAN HULTIMAN, Chief of Section, Gcneral Postal Administration

WITZERLANDCHARLES BRUGGMANN, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationEDUARD FEER, Counselor of Legation, Swiss Legation, Washingon;Alternate Chairrman othe DelegationEDUARD AMSTUTZ, Delegate for Civil AeronauticsLOUIS CLERC, Chief, Swiss Air OfficeJEAN MERMINOD, Chief, Section for Transports, Division of Foreign AffairsHENRY PILLICHODY, Special Representative, Swiss National Office of Transportation

YRIANOUREDDEEN KAHALE; Chairman of the Delegation

URKEYSKR KOAK, President, Turkish Aeronautical League; Chairman of the DelegationFERRUH SAHINBAS, Director General of State AirwaysORHAN H. EROL, Counselor, Turkish Embassy, Washington

NION OF SOUTH AFRICAS. F. N. GIE, Minister to the United States; Chairman of the DelegationJOHN MARTIN; Co-Delegate

NITED KINGDOMLORD SWINTON, Minister of Civil Aviation; Chairman of the DelegationSIR ARTHUR STREET, Permanent Under Secretary, Air MinistrySIR GEORGE LONDON, Government of NewfoundlandW. P. HILDRED, Director of Civil Aviation, Air Ministry

J. H. MAGOWAN, Minister, British Embassy, WashingtonW. C. G. CRIBBETT, Assistant Under Secretary, Air MinistryG. G. FITZMAURICE, Legal Adviser, Foreign OfficeA. J. WALSH, Newfoundland

NITED STATES OF AMERICAADOLF A. BERLE, JR., Assistant Secretary of State; Chairman of the DelegationJOSIAH W. BAILEY, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, United States SenateOWEN BREWSTER, Member, Committee on Commerce, United States Senate



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ALFRED L. BULWINKLE, House of RepresentativesWILLIAM A. M. BURDEN, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for AirREAR ADMIRAL RICHARD E. BYRD, U. S. N., RetiredFIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA, Chairman, United States Section, Permanent Joint Board onDefense (Canada-United States)L. WELCH POGUE, Chairman Civil Aeronautics BoardEDWARD WARNER, Vice Chairman, Civil Aeronautics Board

CHARLES A. WOLVERTON, House of Representatives

RUGUAYCAPTAIN CARLOS CARBAJAL, Uruguayan Navy; Chairman of the DelegationCOGONEL MEDARDO R. FARUS, Military Attach for Air, Uruguayan Embassy, Washing

ENEZUELACOLONEL JUAN DE DIOS CELIS PAREDES, Ex-Minister of War and Navy; Chairman of

Delegation (absent)

FRANCISCO J. SUCRE, Director of Communications, Ministry of Public Works;ActingChairman of the DelegationJULIO BUNCO USTRIZ, Legal Adviser

UGOSLAVIAVLADIMIR M. VUKMIROVIC, Consul General, Chicago; Chairman of the DelegationSQUADRON LEADER (Captain First Class) NENAD DJ. MIROSAVLJEVIC, Chief, CivilAviation Division, Yugoslav Ministry of WarFLIGHT LIEUTENANT PREDRAG SOPALOVIC

ho met at Chicago, Illinois, on November 1, 1944, under the Temporary President of Adolf A. Ber, Chairman of the Delegation of the United States of America.


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Committees of the Conference

t the second plenary session of the Conference, held November 2, 1944, it was agreed, at the requeanada, that the Committee on Multilateral Aviation Convention and International Aeronautical Bod

renumbered Committee I, instead of Committee III, as originally proposed by the United States. Tllowing day an organizing meeting of Committee I was held, and three subcommittees established:

ubcommittee 1, International Organization; Subcommittee 2, Air Navigation Principles; andubcommittee 3, Air Transportation Principles.

t the outset there were four basic proposals before Committee I, by the United States, Canada, thenited Kingdom, and New Zealand, the first two of which were in the form of draft conventions. Theering committee of Committee I, composed of the chairman, John Martin (Union of South Africa)d the respective chairmen of the three subcommittees - Viscount Alain du Parc (Belgium), L. Welc

ogue (U.S.), and H. J. Symington (Canada) - recommended, and the subcommittees agreed, to use tanadian draft convention as the basis of discussion in Subcommittees 1 and 3 and the United Statesaft as the basis of discussion in Subcommittee 2.

GENERAL COMMITTEES

Executive Committee

Steering Committee

Committee on Nominations

Committee on Credentials

Committee on Rules and Regulations

TECHNICAL COMMITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEES

Committee I. Multilateral Aviation and International Aeronautical Body

Committee II. Techincal Standards and Procedures

Committee III. Provisional Air Routes

Committee IV. Interim Council

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GENERAL COMMITTEES

Executive Committee

Name Country Title

Adolf A. Berle, Jr. United States of America

Presidentof theConference:Chairman

Abdol Hosayn Aziz Afghanistan

Arthur S. Drakeford Australia

Viscount Alain du Parc Belgium

Lieutenant Colonel Alfredo Pacheco Bolivia

Hahnemann Guimaraes Brazil

C.D. Howe Canada

Brigadier General Rafael Saenz Chile

Kia-ngau Chang China

VicePresidentof theConference

Luis Tamayo Colombia

Roman Macaya Costa RicaFelipe Pazos Cuba

Air Vice Marshal Karel Janousek Czechoslovakia

Charles A. McLaughlin Dominican Republic

Jose A. Correa Ecuador

Mahmoud Bey Hassan Egypt

Francisco Parraga El Salvador

Blatta Ephrem Tewelde Medhen Ethiopia

Max Hymans France

VicePresidentof theConference

Major General Demetrios T.N. Botzaris Greece

Colonel Oscar Morales Lopez Guatemala



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Captain Edouard Roy Haiti

Emilio P. Lefebvre Honduras

Thor Thors Iceland

Sir Girja Shankar Bajpal India

Mohammed Shayesteh Iran

Ali Jawdat Iraq

Robert Brennan Ireland

Camille Chamoun Lebanon

Walter F. Walker Liberia

Hugues Le Gallais Luxembourg

Colonel Pedro A. Chapa Mexico

M. P. L. Steenberghe Netherlands

Hon. D.G. Sullivan New Zealand

Richard E. Frizell Nicaragua

Wilhelm Munthe de Morgenstierne Norway

Carlos Icaza Panama

Lieutenant Commander A. Daniel Candia Paraguay

Colonel Armando Revoredo PeruJaime Hernandez Philippine Commonwealth

Jan Ciechanowski Poland

Mario de Figueiredo Portugal

Esteban Terradas e Illa Spain

Ragnar Kumlin Sweden

Charles Bruggmann Switzerland

Noureddeen Kahale Syria

Sukru Kocak Turkey

S. F. N. Gie Union of South Africa

Lord Swinton United Kingdom

Captain Carlos Carbajal Uruguay

Colonel Juan de Dios Celis Paredes Venezuela



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Vladimir M. Vukmirovic Yugoslavia

Secretary: Clarke L. Willard

Steering Committee

Name Country Title

Adolf A. Berle, Jr. United States of America Chairman ex officio

Abdol Hosayn Aziz Afghanistan

Hahnemann Guimaraes Brazil

C. D. Howe Canada

Kia-ngau Chang China

Luis Tamayo Colombia

Blatta Ephrem TeweldeMedhen

Ethiopia

Max Hymans France

M. P. L. Steenberghe Netherlands

Wilhelm Munthe deMorgenstierne

Norway

Lord Swinton United Kingdom

Captain Carlos Carbajal Uruguay


Committee on Nominations

Name Country Title

Colonel Armando Revoredo Peru Chairman

Felipe Pazos Cuba

Sir Gurunath Bewoor India

Hugues Le Gallais Luxembourg

Jan Ciechanowski Poland

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Secretary: Morris Nelson Hughes

Committee on Credentials

Name Country Title

Arthur S. Drakeford Australia Chairman

Mahmoud Bey Hassan Egypt

Group Captain JohnHadjinikolis

Greece

Wilhelm Munthe deMorgenstierne

Norway

Carlos Icaza Panama

Secretary: James Espy

Committee on Rules and Regulations

Name Country Title

S. F. N. Gie Union of SouthAfrica

Chairman

Brigadier General Rafael Saenz Chile

Air Vice Marshal KarelJanousek

Czechoslovakia

Thor Thors Iceland

Walter F. Walker Liberia


TECHNICAL COMMITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEES

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Committee I. Multilateral Aviation Convention and InternationalAeronautical Body

Title Name Country

Chairman John Martin Union of South Africa

Vice Chairman Luis Tamayo Colombia

Secretary Paul T. David

Assistant Secretary Virginia C. Little

Subcommittee 1. International Organization

Chairman Viscount Alain du Parc Belgium

Secretary Paul T. David

Subcommittee 2. Air Navigation Principles

Chairman L. Welch Pogue United States

Secretary Virginia C. Little

Subcommittee 3. Air Transportation Principles

Chairman H. J. Symington Canada

Secretary Melvin A. Brenner

Committee II. Techincal Standards and Procedures

Title Name Country

Chairman M. P. L. Steenberghe Netherlands

Vice Chairman A. D. McLean Canada

Reporting Delegate Edward WarnerUnited States ofAmerica

Secretary Alfred S. Koch

Assistant Secretary Alfred Hand

Subcommittee 1. Communications Procedures; Airways Systems

Chairman Stanislaw Krzyczkowski Poland

Vice Chairman W. A. Duncan United Kingdom

Reporting Member F. W. Hancock United Kingdom

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Secretary Lloyd H. Simson

Subcommittee 2. Rules of the Air; Air Traffic Control Practices

Chairman Guillermo Gonzalez Mexico

Vice Chairman Timothy J. O'Driscoll Ireland

Secretary Kenneth Matucha

Subcommittee 3. Standards Governing the Licensing of Operating andMechanical Personnel Log Books

Chairman Major Alf Heum Norway

Vice Chairman Colonel Armando Revoredo Peru

Reporting Member R. D. Poland United Kingdom

Secretary Robert D. Hoyt

Subcommittee 4. Airworthiness of Aircraft

Chairman Air Vice Marshal A. Ferrier Canada

Vice Chairman Wing Commander J. M. Buckeridge New Zealand

Secretary Omer Welling

Subcommittee 5. Registration and Identification of Aircraft

Chairman Colonel Ching-yee Liu China

Vice Chairman Captain E. C. Johnston Australia

Secretary John T. Morgan

Subcommittee 6. Collection and Dissemination of MeteorologicalInformation

Chairman J. Patterson Canada

Vice Chairman Major Jorge Marcano Venezuela

Secretary Delbert M. Little

Subcommittee 7. Aeronautical Maps and Charts

Chairman Paul A. SmithUnited States ofAmerica

Vice Chairman F. H. Peters Canada

Reporting Member Lieutenant Colonel J. C. T. Willis United Kingdom

Secretary Jeremiah S. Morton

Subcommittee 8. Customs Procedures; Manifests



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Chairman Vernon G. Crudge United Kingdom

Vice Chairman Josef Pick Czechoslovakia

Secretary Charles M. Howell, Jr.

Subcommittee 9. Accident Investigation, Including Search and Salvage

Chairman Air Commodore Vernon-Brown United Kingdom

Vice Chairman Rene de Ayala Cuba

Secretary Claude M. Sterling

Subcommittee 10. Publications and Forms

Chairman Captain E. C. Johnston Australia

Vice Chairman Jean Peset France

Secretary Floyd B. Brinkley

Committee III. Provisional Air Routes

Title Name Country

Chairman Adolf A. Berle, Jr.United States ofAmerica

Vice Chairman Max Hymans France

Secretary Howard B. Railey

Assistant Secretary Harry A. Bowen

Subcommittee 1. Standard Form of Provisional Route Agreements

Chairman Wilhelm Munthe de Morgenstierne Norway

Reporting Member F. C. Aronstein Netherlands

Secretary Howard B. Railey

Committee IV. Interim Council

Title Name Country

Chairman Hahnemann Guimaraes Brazil

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Vice Chairman Kia-ngau Chang China

Secretary George C. Neal

Assistant Secretary Erwin R. Marlin

Subcommittee 1. Composition and Organization of the Interim Council

Chairman S. F. N. Gie Union of South Africa

Secretary Erwin R. Marlin

Subcommittee 2. Powers and Duties of the Interim Council

Chairman Colonel Armando Revoredo Peru

Secretary George C. Neal


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Proceedings of the International Civil Aviation Conference

Chicago, Illinois, November 1 December 7, 1944

Viewing documents requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.

VOLUME I

Volume I: Preface and Introduction

Part I. WORK OF THE CONFERENCE

Work of the Conference: Invitation of the United States of America the Conference, Definitive Agend

f the Conference; Regulations of the Conference, Officers of the Conference, Committees of theConference, Members of the Delegation, Verbatim Minutes.

inal Act and Appendixes

Part II. WORK OF THE COMMITTEES

oint Meetings of Committees I, III, and IV

Committee I: Multilateral Aviation Convention and International Aeronautical Body

q Subcommittee 1: International Organization

q Subcommittee 2: Air Navigation Principles

q Subcommittee 3: Air Transport Principles

Committee II: Technical Standards and Procedures

VOLUME II

Volume II: Preface

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Committee II: Technical Standards and Procedures

q Subcommittee 1: Communications Procedures; Airways Systems

q Subcommittee 2: Rules of the Air; Air Traffic Control Practices

q Subcommittee 3: Licensing of Operating and Melchanical Personnel; Log Books

q Subcommittee 4: Airworthiness of Aircraft

q Subcommittee 5: Registration and Identification of Aircraft

q Subcommittee 6: Collection and Dissemination of Meteorological Informationq Subcommittee 7: Aeronautical Maps and Charts

q Subcommittee 8: Customs Procedures; Manifests

q Subcommittee 9: Accident Investigation, Including Search and Salvage

q Subcommittee 10: Publications and Forms

Committee III: Provisional Air Routes

q Subcommittee 1: Standard Form of Provisional Route Agreements

Committee IV: Interim council

q Subcommittee 1: Composition and Organization of the Interim Council

q Subcommittee 2: Powers and Duties of the Interim Council

Part III. WORK OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEES

Work of the General Committees: Minutes; Committee on Rules and Regulations; Committee on

Nominations; Committees on Credentials

APPENDIXES

q List of documents Issued at the Conference

q Commentary on the Development of the Individual Articles of the Convention on Internationa

Civil Aviation

q Status of Civil Aviation Agreements

ndex

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CAO DOCUMENTS

onvention on International Civil Aviationonvention relative l'aviation civile internationaleonvenio sobre Aviacin Civil Internacional

oc 7300

Current Edition Status

Convention on International Civil Aviation (also known as Chicago Convention), wassigned on 7 December 1944 by 52 States. Pending ratification of the Convention by26 States, the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) wasestablished. It functioned from 6 June 1945 until 4 April 1947. By 5 March 1947 the

26th ratification was received. ICAO came into being on 4 April 1947. In October ofthe same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations linked toEconomic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

The Convention on International Civil Aviation set forth the purpose of ICAO:

"WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help tocreate and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples ofthe world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and

WHEREAS it is desirable to avoid friction and to promote that co-operation betweennations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends;

THEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles andarrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safeand orderly manner and that international air transport services may be establishedon the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically;

Have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end."

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Eighth edition

q Eighth edition, 2000. Quadrilingual text: English/French/Spanish/

Russian (Doc 7300/8)

Seventh edition

q Seventh edition, 1997. Trilingual text: English/French/Spanish (Doc 7300/7)

Sixth edition

q Sixth edition, 1980. Trilingual text: English/French/Spanish (Doc 7300/6)

Fifth edition

q Fifth edition, 1975. Trilingual text: English/French/Spanish (Doc 7300/5)

Fourth edition

q Fourth edition, 1969. Trilingual text: English/French/Spanish (Doc 7300/4)

Third edition

q Third edition, 1963. Trilingual text: English/French/Spanish (Doc 7300/3

Second edition

q Second edition, 1959. Trilingual text: English/French/Spanish (Doc 7300/2)

r Addendum No. 1. 15 September 1961. Trilingual text: English/

French/Spanish (Doc 7300/2 Addendum No. 1)

First edition

q First edition. Signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944. Trilingual text:

English/French/Spanish (Doc 7300)r Amendments. 12 December 1956

Original version

q Certificate of Authenticity. 13 April 1948

q Original version. Signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944

Note: Dates shown are the publication dates. TOP

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international civil aviation conference. chicago, illinois, 1944

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