international climate change policies: status and future ... · the big picture: paris &...
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International Climate Change Policies: Status and Future Direction
Implementing the NDCs: Climate Policy into Climate Action
Jan Kellett
Special Advisor: External Engagement Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction
UNDP
Austrian Climate Change Workshop 30-31 March 2017
UNDP’s Climate Commitment:
Policy into Action
Zero-Carbon, Climate Resilient, Sustainable
Connect the key global agendas
Building decades of experiences UNDP has a key role to play
STRENGTHING CAPACITIES OF THE MOST VULNERABLE
BRIDGING CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT
OPERATING AN EXTENSIVE ORGANIZATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
BROKERING ACCESS TO CLIMATE FINANCE
SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CLIMATE TARGETS
BUILDING AND MAINTAINING PARTNERSHIPS AND INNOVATION
UNDP’s climate commitment
Implement Nationally Determined Contributions
Integrate Zero-carbon Development
Deliver Sustainable Energy
Reduce Emissions through Protecting Forests
Strengthening Integrated Adaptation Policies, Plans and Strategies
Advance Cross-sectoral Adaption Action
Address Climate and Disaster Risks
Instilled Risk-informed Disaster Recovery
ZERO-CARBON GROWTH ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE
Zero Carbon Development: NDC Flagship
1. Leadership 2. Integrated Climate Governance 3. Evidence Based Planning, Design and Implementation 4. Catalytic Financing and Investment 5. Public Private Platform for Climate Action • Underpinning: Research, Advocacy, Evidence
• Follow-Up: Adaptation, Forests, Public Expenditure, Energy; MAPS…
The NDC Dialogues: What Kind of Action?
Countries Speak
THE BIG PICTURE: PARIS & DEVELOPMENT
• NOT JUST ENVIRONMENT: Development Issue and therefore about development planning and priorities, and ALL-OF-SOCIETY
• LONG-TERM: Embedded into long-term country planning • ECONOMIC: Tackling climate change is an economic opportunity.
Need to do the analysis. • BUDGETING: Mitigation and adaptation becoming central to
budgets. • COMMITMENTS: Meeting climate and development pledges
demands integration.
THE BIG PICTURE – THE NDCS, WHAT, HOW?
• A NEW ERA: NDCs are the SDGs and Paris hand in hand, climate integrated into development, actions delivering on both commitments.
• VISION: • Connect Paris to mid-century LEDS • Can be used to reshape the status quo of investment. • Changing paradigm from individual projects to integrated/holistic approach. • Long-term vision-statements as part of national and sectoral planning processes.
• TRANSITION: • A framework for the transition to a resilient, green economy. • Transition to resilient, low emission development, and for supporting the development
of concrete actions plans • ADAPTATION:
• Regions diverse, but adaptation becoming central to NDCs development. • Adaptation articulation about addressing vulnerability, countries and communities.
THE BIG PICTURE: BEYOND BORDERS
• MOMENTUM: Keeping climate high on the political agenda • BUILD ON EXISTING: Improve donor collaboration by building on
existing coordination models and coordinating at the global level • SOUTH-SOUTH INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT: • TRACKING PROGRESS: National and international priority
THE MECHANICS - CAPACITY CRITICAL NEEDS
• Capacity building to enhance transparency is essential to deliver NDCs and support all post-Paris actions.
• Strong institutional arrangements and mechanisms for coordination among all actors needed to successfully implement NDCs.
• Structures and Coordination beyond government, creating ownership and support for action.
• Institutional arrangements for coordination across sectors and mainstreaming of NDCs into all decision-making.
• Financing capacity, financing strategies, access, climate finance reviews, assessments of finance needs etc.
MECHANICS - PROCESS
• BUILD ON WHAT IS THERE: • Existing programmes and policies, • Institutional structures, monitoring systems, NAMAs, national adaptation plans, etc. • Linking with national communications, BURs, SDG reporting. • Countries building on existing institutional structures (e.g., CC committees)
• THE DETAIL ARTICULATED: • Costing out actions; assessing finance needs/sources, public expenditures, finance flows. • Building capacity for data collection/management, monitoring, strengthening MRV systems,
addressing data quality/gaps, measuring non-GHG impacts • Planning for implementation (disaggregating economy-wide targets, prioritizing actions,
developing implementation plans in line w/ development, etc.) • Countries adopting sectoral implementation approach, developing sectoral investment plans,
mainstreaming CC into sectoral line ministries’ decision-making. • LONG-TERM PLANNING:
• NDC implementation (& future cycles) need to be embedded into 5-yr plans, economic policy, etc.
MECHANICS – THE CHALLENGE
• REALITY VS DESIRE: Time, effort, complexity; clash with ambition and
momentum. • DATA: Lack of data for NDC planning process. • FINANCE
FINANCING
• FINANCIAL MOMENTUM • COMPETING PRIORITIES: Basic service delivery in current
conditions or climate action. • RECOGNITION OF MULTI-RESPONSIBILITY: Climate Finance from:
• (i) integrating climate change into the national budgets, • (ii) leveraging private finance, and • (iii) improving access to international finance.
• INTERNATIONAL: • Continued financial support is needed - funding programs
should mainstream climate change. • GCF!
THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• RECOGNISTION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIVATE SECTOR AS: • Implementers of actions • Project development • Bankable proposals • Financiers/Investors
• GOVERNMENTS: o Recognition that private sector must be in from beginning of NDC process. o Countries beginning to explore entry points, barriers, and ways to create enabling environments. o Recognition that there needs to be strong and effective institutional/policy frameworks for investment. o Using existing processes and projects to bring developed projects to finance, eg NAMAs. o Developing investment plans as part of the NDC process.
o STATUS o Investors uncertain: risk, yield etc. o Capacity to identify and develop projects still weak in many contexts. o Variable re range of private sector options, blended finance, aggregation etc.
• Insurance – US$25 trillion… challenges.
POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE COUNT
• NDC = POLITICS: Climate action within a country is a political process, and it needs political leadership.
• INTER-MINISTERIAL DIALOGUE LACKING: Still stuck in silos, but improving.
• INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE COUNTS: The right structure for making NDC’s a reality for development, matter.
• ADVOCACY: The highest level, head of state, prime-minister etc, matter… links to all of society.
THE TASK AHEAD: COMPETITING VISION?
• NDC implementation requires creative and ambitious approaches
• In some cases, countries making progress “incrementally”: Learning by doing and strategically filling gap.
• NDC implementation never been done before; no one has exact answers
Summary Points
• We cannot afford two processes to deliver development. • Its different across regions. • Its everybody's work. • Integration… not just important, critical. • The financial challenge. • Private Sector, its long-term. • Significant capacity development (and time) to get this to work,
across sectors, ministries, processes, national and international.
