international conference on project management nanyang technological university, singapore and...

International Conference on Project Management

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Society of Project Management, JapanJuly 31-August 2, 2002, Singapore

A PlatformA Platform for Sharing the Common for Sharing the Common Understanding among Participants Understanding among Participants

of a National Projectof a National Project

A PlatformA Platform for Sharing the Common for Sharing the Common Understanding among Participants Understanding among Participants

of a National Projectof a National Project

Shigeyuki Sekine*, Satoshi Yamashita, Shin Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Yamada, Yoshikazu Goto,

NEDO Institute of Technology Innovation*present affiliation: AIST

Kenichi Sonoo and Yasuo KimuraNomura Research Institute

[email protected]

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Today’s PresentationToday’s Presentation

1. Subject of the Study

3. "Platform"

4. Classification of National Project

5. Variation of the Platform

2. Scope of the Present Research

6. How to use the Platform

7. Conclusion

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SubjectSubject

For planning, management and evaluation of national R&D projects, it is important to share common understanding of policy objective, project goal and other related information among project participants.

A platform concept for sharing information is proposed for ease of consensus. When the project planning and the formation of research association are performed with reference to the platform concept, the efficiency of planning and the quality of the plan should be improved.

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Scope of the ModelScope of the Model

cf. economic technical policy

cf. industrial technical strategyIT, Bio, etc.

PROJECT PLANNINGproducing a set of R&D projects

cf. nation's existence national mission

policy

strategy

execution plan

project selection

project implementation PROJECT MANAGEMENTwith reference to the platform information

scope of the model

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"Platform""Platform"

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Introduction of the Platform Introduction of the Platform #1#1

graphical structure of the platform

Project planning process is divided into five steps.

STEP 1

STEP 2B

STEP 2A

STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

input

output

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Introduction of the Platform #2Introduction of the Platform #2

Input and Output of the ModelInput and Output of the Model

Research and development domain taking into account the superordinate policy and strategy

input

Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment (ex ante evaluation)

output

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Introduction of the Platform #3Introduction of the Platform #3

STEP 1: Recognition of objectives of superordinate policiesSTEP 2A: Analysis of external environment

STEP 2B: Analysis of internal potential

STEP 3: Matching of technologies with policy issues

STEP 4: Enumeration of candidate projects

STEP 5: Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to

permit a judgment (ex ante evaluation)

STEP 1

STEP 2B

STEP 2A

STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

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STEP 1: Recognition of objectives of superordinate policies

Projects are developed and proposed essentially on the basis of the superordinate policies.

The fundamental conditions are not always expressed with the appropriate clarity. The project (program) planners must clarify the objectives of the superordinate policies.

1

2B

2A

3 4 5

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STEP 2: Analysis of external environment and internal potential

The analysis of the general environment can be divided into “analysis of the external environment which is difficult to control” such as market scale and growth, consumer's mind, overseas policies, etc. and “analysis of the internal potential which can be control” such as available resources (including facilities, researchers, and financial resources), technical competitiveness, the potential of technical seeds, etc.

1

2B

2A

3 4 5

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STEP 3: Matching of technologies with policy issues

In this step, the matching between environmental factors and the policy issues is considered, and then the technical issues are extracted. In other words, we take the policy issues that have to be addressed, such as social needs, risks to be avoided, markets, etc., and match them with the technologies that can resolve these issues.

1

2B

2A

3 4 5

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STEP 4: Enumeration of candidate projects

With reference to the technical issues that have been extracted, the candidate projects are enumerated after carefully considering the policy issues and the external and internal environment once more.

1

2B

2A

3 4 5

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STEP 5: Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment

For all enumerated candidate projects, evaluation and/or assessment are carried out on its particular merits and demerits. After the evaluation, "Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment” are proposed as an output of planning process.

ex ante evaluation

1

2B

2A

3 4 5

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STEP 5: Candidate projects with added assessment data (criteria) to permit a judgment

Each project is quantitatively assessed on the basis of the evaluation criteria that are the measure for the final judgment. Examples of criteria are e.g. “validity as a national project,” "impact to market" and “technical validity.” These evaluations of individual project are then summarized to compare the various projects. The result (output) should be condensed in the form of tables and/or figures. This makes it possible to clarify the assessment basis or criteria for the subsequent decision-making process.

(continued)1

2B

2A

3 4 5

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Standard "Platform"Standard "Platform"

recognitionof

policyinternalpotential

externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output

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Classification of National Project

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- National Priority Issues

- Technical Innovation Policies

- Economic-Industrial Policies

Project category: Type of policy

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This type of R&D is not based on cost/benefit considerations but on sheer necessity. The products themselves are important, and the promotion of industry is not objective. The security type is not only the national security but also the project related to national safety and stability in a broad sense. The projects for energy development and countermeasures against environmental problems, for example, can be classified in this type. The example of projects responding to social needs is the development of the products for welfare requirement.

1. Policies Responding to National Priority Issues

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1-1. National survival-----------purpose: Reducing risk-----------example: energy development-----------project type: Security type

1-2. National welfare-----------purpose: Resolving living problems-----------example: welfare service-----------project type: Responding to social needs

Subtypes from 1. National Priority Issues

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The R&Ds in this category are generally not particular to any specific industries. Rather, the object is to promote industry long-term. It is difficult to quantify the cost/benefit ratio. Two types of project are listed according to the different purpose. Specifically, the researches for discovering new scientific knowledge or creating new materials are regarded as the “creating knowledge” type. The projects for sharing knowledge such as the construction of database and development of simulation software seem to be another type.

2. Technical Innovation Policies

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2-1. Creating knowledge-----------purpose: Stimulating innovation-----------project type: Preparing technical seeds

2-2. Sharing knowledge-----------purpose: Strengthening basic technologies-----------example: standard, database,

simulation, measurement-----------project type: Basic technology

Subtypes from 2. Technical Innovation Policies

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The objective of this type of research is to foster specific industries on a short and medium-term basis. In this case, the cost/benefit ratio is seen as important. Mainstream and off-road types are distinguished in accordance with technical difference.

3. Economic Industrial Policies

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3-1. International competitiveness-----------purpose: Strengthening through new technology -----------project type: Off-road type

3-2. International competitiveness -----------purpose: Strengthening conventional technology -----------project type: Mainstream type

Subtypes from 3. Economic-Industrial Policies

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Summary of SubtypesSummary of Subtypes

- National Priority Issues ----Security type----Responding to social needs

- Technical Innovation Policies----Preparing technical seeds----Basic technology

- Economic-Industrial Policies----Off-road type ----Mainstream type

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Variation of the Platform

preliminary

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Standard "Platform"Standard "Platform"

recognitionof


externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output

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for "for "Security type""

recognitionof


externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output

example: energy development

preliminary: will be modified!

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for "for "Responding to social needs""

recognitionof


externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output

example: welfare service


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for "for "Preparing technical seeds""

recognitionof


externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output


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for "for "Basic technology typeBasic technology type""

recognitionof


externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output

example: standard, database, simulation, measurement


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for "for "Off-road type""

recognitionof


externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output

new technology development


32



for "for "Mainstream type""

recognitionof


externalenvironment

matchingproject

listex ante

evaluation

input

output

strengthening conventional technology


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How to use the Platform

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How to use the PlatformHow to use the Platform

Planning process

Implementation process

"Story" To explain necessity of project(s),the platform is useful to develop scenario.

"Consensus"All participants of the project (program)should be understand the "story."

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All project participants such as planner, manager, researcher and evaluator should understand policy objective, project goal, execution plan, available resource, schedule, historical change of plan, etc.

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Planners should make a "plan of project(s)" with

reference to the platform.

Sufficient information must be collected to explain

"story."

Planning

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Managers and researchers must understand

"entire story" of the project and carry out their

work with most appropriate way.

Implementation

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Evaluators must understand "entire story" of the

project, in particular historical change of plan.

The quality and quantity of information on the

platform are also evaluated.

Evaluation

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ConclusionsConclusions

1. Project formation platform was proposed

3. Why the platform is necessary?Clear story of project(s)

Consensus among all participants

2. National projects were classified according to their

objectives

4. How to use the platform

international conference on project management nanyang technological university, singapore and...

Documents

society of project management

project participants

project goal

platform slide

international conference

platform concept

platform information

model slide