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RADIATION RESEARCH
1895 - 1995
Congress Proceedings
Volume 2: Congress Lectures
Edited by
U. HagenD. Harder
H.JungC. Streffer
Proceedings of the
Tenth International Congress of Radiation Research
Wiirzburg, GermanyAugust 27 - September 1,1995
Organized byDeutsche Rimtgengesellschaft
Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir BiophysikGemeinschaftsausschufi Strahlenforschung (GAST)
at the invitation of
The International Association for Radiation Research
CONTENTS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
IARR OFFICERS
ICRR COMMITTEES
YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARDEES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EDITORS' ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
III
V
XXIX
XXX
XXXII
XXXIII
XXXIV
OPENING CEREMONY
Opening Address to the Xth International Congress of Radiation Research
Christian Streffer
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen - The Dignity ofDiscoveryDietrich Harder
AWARD LECTURES
1
11
21
ICRU AWARD, GRAY LECTURE
The Gray, and Blue SkyH. Rodney Withers 23
IARR AWARD, KAPLAN LECTURE
The Search for SpecificityGerald E. Adams 33
RADIATION PHYSICS 41
CONGRESS LECTURE
Physics of radiation action: Microscopic features that determine biological consequences
D.T.Goodhead 43
SYMPOSIUM: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA FOR RADIATION RESEARCH
The IAEA program on atomic and molecular data for radiotherapy and related research
M. Inokuti 49
Monte Carlo calculations of track structures
H. Bichsel 53
VI CONTENTS
Ionization yields of electrons and protons m gasesB Grosswendt 58
Locally multiply damaged site generators Secondary electrons and ultra-fast reactions
L Sanche 64
SYMPOSIUM AUGER-ELECTRON EMITTERS PHYSICS, CELLULAR EFFECTS,
IMPLICATIONS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION AND THERAPY
Recent progress in the physics of Auger electrons
D E Charlton R F Martin M Temssol H Nikjoo h Pomplun P LobachevskyS Kandaiya 69
Molecular advances with Auger emitters
L S Yasui and R F Martin 73
Cellular effects ofAuger emitters
K Hofer 78
Auger electron emitters Equivalent dose, chemical protection against their biologicaleffects, and their use in cancer treatment
R W Howelland D V Rao 82
CONGRESS LECTURE
Applications ofsynchrotron radiation to radiation research
Y Hatano 86
SYMPOSIUM ATOMIC PHYSICS AND THE INITIAL PROCESSES OF
BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE INDUCED BY HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES
Introduction to the physics of heavy-ion tracks
P Sigmund 93
Electron emission induced by swift heavy particlesME Rudd 97
Secondary electrons from heavy-ion tracks
J Schou 101
Heavy-atomic ion-induced sputtering and damage of insulators - implicationsfor cell inactivation
J Eriksson andC T Reimann 106
SYMPOSIUM QUALITATIVE DIFFERENCES IN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR
EFFECTS FROM HIGH AND LOW LET RADIATION
Radiation action on cells and radiation qualityJ T Lett 110
CONTENTS VII
Influence ofradiation quality on strand breakage in viral and cellular DNA
G faucher-Scholz J Heilmann G Kraft 114
Radiation qualrh and the relationship among cellular radiosensitivity,DNA repair and RBE
K kgnchi-Kasai and A B Cox 118
Radiation qualih and the effects of protons at the cellular and molecular levels
MA Tabocchim 122
WORKSHOP HIGH-LET EFFECTS IN RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND
RADIATION BIOLOGY
On the interpretation of heavy ion effects
G Kraft andM Scholz'
126
Mechanisms of free radical formation in DNA after high-LET irradiation
Structural and quantitative aspects.1 Huttermann and B Dusemund 132
LET dependence ofDNA-protein cross-links
EA Blakely P Y Chang KA Bjormtad 136
Light ions induction and rejoining of DNA dsb in V79 cells
G Simone M Belli F Ianzim 0 Sapora, MA Tabocchim, F Cera
R Cherubim MD Vecchia. AMI Haque, G Moschim. P Tiveron 140
Characterization of the mutations at the dihydrofolate reductase locus in
Chinese hamster ovary cells induced by a-particle radiation
Y Jin T Yie AM Carothen. D Grunberger 144
Comparison ofchromosomal damage induced by high and low LET radiation
E Nasonova S Ritter M Scholz G Kraft 148
CONGRESS LECTURE
Radionuclide biokinetics and dose
A Kaul 152
WORKSHOP THE RELEVANCE OF RADIATION AND TISSUE WEIGHTING
FACTORS (WR AND WT)
Are radiation weighting factors relevant for protons and heavier charged particles''SB Curtis 161
Calculation of RBE for endpoints in vitro and in vivo based on charged
particle track structure
M Scholz and G Kraft 165
VIII CONTENTS
Problems with radiation weighting factors for neutrons
G Dietze 169
Are radiation weighting factors and quaht\ factors for neutrons consistent''
BRL Siebert, G Dietze RA Hollnagel 173
Differences in \\j for radiation carcinogenesis in various organs
J J Broerse M Coppola 177
Current status of radiation risk estimates for low doses/dose rates oflow-LET
ionising radiation, and possible future trends
MW Charles 181
RADIATION CHEMISTRY 185
CONGRESS LECTURE
Oxidative damage Oxidation by radiation and by chemically -generatedfree radicals
P Wardman, L P Candeias L K Folkes, K B Pate I 187
CONGRESS LECTURE
Reactive oxygen species in biolog\ and medicine
H Sies'
193
SYMPOSIUM ENERGY AND CHARGE TRANSFER IN DNA DAMAGE
Free radical y lelds and charge transfer in DNA
WA Bernhard 199
DNA damage by low-energy photons and electrons
M Folkard, KM Prise, B Vo/novic. B Brocklehurst, IH Mitnro A HophrkBD Michael 204
Importance ofhole and electron transfer processes to end product formation
in y-irradiated hydrated DNASG Swarts 208
Radiation-induced conductivity in oriented DNA
JM Warman,M P de Haai A Rupprechi 212
WORKSHOP TRANSITION METALS AND ENZYMES RADICALS AND
UNUSUAL OXIDATION STATES
Effect ofsequence and structure on the oxidation ofmethionine peptidesRadiation chemistry, metal-catalysis, and peroxynitnteC Schdneich
'
216
CONTENTS IX
Is fenton chemistn, that important'/ P Candeias L K Folke? andP Wardman 220
Thermod\namic anahsis ofreactions of metal complexes with
peroxides and radicals
WH Koppenol 224
The role ofthe reaction ofNO with superoxide and o\\gen in biologicalsvstems A kinetic approachG C zapsb and S Goldstein 228
Fenton-tvpe reactions Meld hxdroxxl- and non-rndroxW-radical species'B E Sandstrom M Gramtrdm H Vezm 233
Radiolysis ofDNA in the presence of histones
H Schmsler I VR Dutel A Berger R Sieber 237
CONGRESS LECTURE
RadioKsis of proteins and model compoundsM Paraggi C Ferradim C Houee-Levin MH Klapper 241
WORKSHOP EARLY CHEMICAL EVENTS IN IRRADIATED DNA - ARE WE
ON THE RIGHT TRACK(S)'
Theoretical modeling ofradiation induced damage to chromatin
WR HolleyandA Chatter] ee 249
Novel algorithm for analy sis of DNA and chromatin damage induced bv ionizingradiation with different quahtvIK Khvostimov SO Andreev VA Pitkevich V Y Chepel 254
Radiation-induced radical transfer m DNA Relevance to strand break induction
P O'Neill r Melvm S W Botchway 258
Effects of DNA hydration on pnmarv radical formation and reaction
Which processes are ofbiological consequence'MD Sevilla T LaVere D Becker W Wang S S\aris K T Wheeler 262
Boundary wavelength between far-UV and X-rav tvpes ofDNA damage/ Hara M Saitou K Hieda 266
A comparison ofchemical fixation and repair reactions ofssb and dsb
in plasmid DNA LET and the role ofoxvgen
KM Prise NE Gillies BD Michael 270
X CONTENTS
SYMPOSIUM RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENT
Radiation-chemical studies regarding advanced oxidation processes in drinking
and waste water processing
C von Sonntag P Dowideit X W Fang R Mertens X -M Pan
M N Schuchmann H -P Schuchmann 274
Radiation chemical and photocatahtic degradation ofhalogenated organic compounds
K-D Aimus R Fhount O Makogon Y Mao C Schoneich 278
Electron beam degradation of air pollutants Fundamental aspects and application
R Mehnert andL Prager 282
Free radical chemistrs of the atmospheric aqueous phase
RE Hwe'
289
CONGRESS LECTURE
Food irradiation Detection of irradiated food
CHMcMurray 294
DNA AND CHROMOSOMES 303
CONGRESS LECTURE
Nuclear structure and the microheterogeneity of radiation damage in DNA
NL Oleimck, S-M Chm L-Y Xue L R Pnedman II Blasubramamam 305
SYMPOSIUM SPECIFIC DNA LESIONS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
Radiation-induced DNA base lesions factors that influence recognition by repair enzymes
and bypass by DNA polymerases1 Hatahet A Purmal, ~D Jiang. S S Wallace 311
8-oxoguanine and bistrand abasic sites in DNA mutagenic potential and repair
A P Grollman andM Takeshita 316
Mutagenic mechanisms in yeast and E coll Studies with individual UV photoproductsand abasic sites
C W Lawrence, PEM Gibbs. R Woodgate A Borden h Szekeres J Nelson
D Hmkle 320
Biochemical analysis ofpossible deviations from the "A rule" specificity of nucleotide
insertion at abasic DNA template lesions by Pol pE Efrati, G Tocco. I Bruck. R Eril/a, R Woodgate S H Wilson. J Tower,
MF Goodman 324
CONTENTS XI
WORKSHOP ASSAYS FOR DNA DAMAGE IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
WHAT DO THEY SHOW
Assays for determining double-strand break induction and rejoining quality in specificgenome locations
M Lobrich, B Rydberg P K Cooper 332
Two different DNA ligases are responsible for the rejoining ofhomologous and
non-homologous termini
R M Mason J Thacker, MP Fairman 336
DNA damage and radiosensitivity What do we measure and is it relevant''
TJ McMillan C Bush A T Gordon. S Maleos 340
Fission-neutron effects on chromosome damage m Chinese hamster V79 cells
Use ofthe daughter- and granddaughter-microcolony micronuclei assayWF Blakely LA Benevides. HM Gerstenberg 344
Radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in individual cells
P L Olive, PJ Johnston, JP Bancith 348
CONGRESS LECTURE
Nuclear factories for replication, transcnption and repairJ McManus; T A Hughes. A Pombo. E Jones, F J Iborra D A Jackson,
P R Cook 352
SYMPOSIUM MECHANISMS OF DNA DOUBLE STRAND BREAK REPAIR
IN YEAST AND MAMMALIAN CELLS
Recombinational repair of double-strand breaks twenty years later
MA Res-nick C Bennett, N Kouprma V Lanonov. K Lewis, H Tran 362
Rejoining and expression of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks
m mammalian cells
PL Bryant 368
Double-strand break rejoining in extracts from eucaryotic cells
B Gottlich, S Reichenberger. E Feldmann P Pfeiffer 372
SYMPOSIUM DNA ORGANIZATION AND CELLULAR RADIATION SENSITIVITY
DNA organization, DNA damage induction and radiosensitivityRL Warters 376
Effects of hyperthermia on chromatin organization Consequences for DNA
repair and radiosensitivityHH Kampmga 380
XII CONTENTS
The role ofalterations in chromatin conformation in DNA double strand break
repair and cellular radiosensitivityG Ihahs, T Ganguly, G Pantehas, N Cheong, R Okayasu, S Shah
D Nederostek T Nishimoto 384
Transcription-coupled repair of radiation damage in human cells
SA Leadon and P Cooper 388
WORKSHOP DOES DNA REPAIR DETERMINE CELLULAR RECOVERY''
Defects in transcription-coupled repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA base damagein radiosensitive XP-G and Cockayne-syndrome human cells
P K Cooper andS A Leadon 392
Human DNA repair genes and proteins affecting radiation sensitivity and the repair of
single-strand breaks
LH Thompson and K Caldecott 396
DNA-protein crosslinks Formation and repair m irradiated cells
S-M ChmL-Y Xue, LR Friedman, U Blasubramamam, NL Olemick 400
The extent and fidelity of DNA double-strand break rejoining as determinants ofcellular
recovery from radiation-induced potentially lethal damage in yeast
M Frankenberg-Schwager, B Jha, R Harbich, D Frankenberg 404
Genetic complementation of the radiosensitive SCID phenotype a role for
DNA-dependent protein-kinase in DNA double-strand break repairC U Kirchgessner, L M Fried, C Koumems, C K Patil, C A Cuomo,
J W Evans, P van Zijl, M A Oettinger, A J Gaccia, JM Brown 408
Differences in chromatin structure between two human tumour cell lines
Relation to radiosensitivityEC Woudstra, M Rosemann, JF Brunstmg, JM Roesink, AWT KomngsTJ McMillan, JH Peacock, HH Kampinga 412
CONGRESS LECTURE
Human genes involved m the repair ofradiation damageAR Lehmann 416
WORKSHOP STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DNA REPAIR GENES
ANIMAL MODELS WHAT DO THEY TELL US?
Nucleotide excision repair subpathways Global and transcription coupled repairA A vanZeeland.A van Hoffen, L FH Mullenders 423
Preferential excision repair in the transcribed strand ofactive genes is UV-inducible
m human cells
M Francis, A J Rainbow 427
CONTENTS XIII
Radioresistant DNA synthesis after y-irradiation functional complementation,biological consequences
Ml Zdziemcka, GWCT Verhaegh W Jongmans NGJ Jaspers,A T Natarajan M Oshimura PHM Lohman 431
A cell-free assay for DNA double strand break rejoining in human cell nuclei
T Ganguly and G Ihakis 435
Postrephcation repair The role of RAD6 homologous genes in the mouse
HP Roest, J van Klaveren, J de Wit, M H M Koken H J vanRoijenJ T M Vreeburg D Bootsma, J A Grootegoed J H J Hoeijmakers 439
SYMPOSIUM CLUSTERED DAMAGE IN DNA AND CHROMOSOMES
Constraints on energy deposition/target size ofmultiply-damaged sites associated with
DNA dsb overview of 1995 updateDJ BrennerandJ F Ward 443
Complexities of multiply damaged sites
J F WardandJ R Milhgan 447
Mechanistic studies of clustered radiation-induced damage to DNA
BD Michael, KM Pnse, NE Gillies, M Folkard 451
Double strand break induction by heavy ions in yeastJ Kiefer, S Ikpeme, R Egenolf, M Brend'amour, 455
SYMPOSIUM MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS
Three-dimensional topology of human chromosome territories Experimental approachesand model considerations
T Cremer, S Dietzel, A E Visser, R. Eils, M Granzow, A Jauch.E Schrdck,
T Ried, JA Aten, P Lichter, C Cremer 459
Molecular cytogenetic studies ofchromosome fragile sites
T-A Hon 464
Chromosome microdissection
M C Muhlmann-Diaz, A T Christian, JS Bedford 468
WORKSHOP MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMES
Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) - a tool to study the mechanism of
radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations
G / Terzoudi andG E Pantehas 472
xrv CONTENTS
Comparative studies ofchromosome breaks (PCC), exchange chromosome
aberrations (PCC/FISH) and DNA double-strand breaks in three different
human fibroblast cell lmes
C Badie C Arlett G Ihakis, EP Malaise 477
Predicted FISH chromosome painting patterns resulting from the transmission of
complex chromosome exchangesJRK Savage 481
Chromosome painting and biological dosimetry of absorbed radiation
M Bauchmger 485
Use oftelomenc probmg in identifying radiation induced chromosome aberrations
A T Natarajan JJ WA Boei, P Shjepcevw 489
Flow cytometric analysis ofradiation-induced micronuclei
M Nusse, BM Miller, A Slavotinek, S Viaggi 493
SYMPOSIUM RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL AND GENETIC
INSTABILITY
Genomic instability initiation and perpetuationC Limoli and WF Morgan 497
Radiation-induced genetic instability in stem cells
EG Wright 501
Delayed chromosomal instability induced by high and low LET radiation
S Ritter, E L Blakely, G Kraft 505
Chromosome instability and telomenc alteration detected in irradiated human fibroblasts
L Sabatier, J Lebeau, JP Pommier, B Dutrillaux 509
GENETICS AND ONCOGENESIS 513
CONGRESS LECTURE
Molecular mechanisms of radiation mutagenesisin normal and radiosensitive human cells
/ Thacker 515
CONGRESS LECTURE
Intragenormc heterogeneity ofrepair and its impact on mutagenesisLHF Mullenders.H Vneling, A A van Zealand 521
CONTENTS XV
SYMPOSIUM THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF RADIATION-INDUCED MUTAGENESIS
Loss ofheterozygosity at linked microsatelhte markers in spontaneous and X-ray
mduced TK mutants
A Grosovsky S L Nelson, P Pongsaensook, M Y Cha, C R Giver 527
Incidence and distribution ofradiation-induced large deletions in the mouse
BM Cattanach EP Evans, C Rasberry M D Burtenshaw 531
Mechanisms of ionizing radiation-induced mutagenesis
A Kronenberg S Gauny, C Cherbonnel-Laserre, S Nelson A GrosovskyL Lutze-Mann D Vannais, A Ueno, S Kraemer, C Waldren 535
WORKSHOP RADIATION-INDUCED GENE EXPRESSION AND GENE
AMPLIFICATION SIGNIFICANCE FOR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS'?
Immediate activation of signal transducing kinases upon irradiation ofmammalian cells
M Iordanov, A Knebel C Sachsenmaier, P Herrlich, HJ Rahmsdorf 539
Changes m gene expression associated with radiation exposure
G E Woloschak, T Paunesku, C -M Chang-Liu, D J Grdma 545
Radiation signal transduction in ataxia-telangiectasiaMF Lavm, K K Khanna, H Beamish, R Williams, J Y MagtoufGatei, D Walters 548
Reduced p53 response to DNA damage in response human prostate epithelial cells
T Girinsky, C Koumems, T G Graeber D M Peehl, A Giaccia 552
Ionizing radiation-induced expression ofreceptor tyrosine kinases in human skin
cell lines Modulation by interleukin-3
R U Peter, A Beetz, G M Krdhn, P Kind, M Schartl, D van Beumngen 556
Correlation ofgene expression and gene amplificationC Lucke-Huhle, S Mai, J Moll 560
CONGRESS LECTURE
Hypoxia-induced modulation ofsignal transduction and gene expression
Potential relevance to malignant progression in human tumors
RM Sutherland, W Ausserer, B Murphy, K Laderoute 565
SYMPOSIUM MOLECULAR GENETICS AND CANCER
DNA repair deficiency, radiosensitivity and cancer
D Bootsma 575
Genetic predisposition to cancer and radiation risks
R Cox 580
XVI CONTENTS
WORKSHOP WHICH ARE THE DECISIVE STEPS IN RADIATION-INDUCED
CARCINOGENESIS''
The role of radiation in initiation, promotion and progression ofcarcinogenesis
G T Bowden, E Joseloff, A Gupta 584
Molecular alteration ofcc-induced transformed Syrian hamster embryo cells
D Wu, J Shou, Y Zhang Y Gong 588
Parental X-ray-provoked non-Mendehan selfish transgenerational oncodeterminants
F Anders, J Roushdy, A Anders, C Fleming, H Petty, K Retry, W Luke,
P Brix, H Schneider, H Groger E Schneider, J Kiefer 592
Induced genetic instability as a critical step m radiation carcinogenesis
JB Little 597
Carcinogenesis involves an imbalance between epigenetic high-frequency initiation
and suppression ofpromotion
K Kamiya, MN Gould.Y Nitta, O Niwa, KH Clifton 602
SYMPOSIUM COMBINED EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS AND RADIATION ON
ONCOGENIC CELL TRANSFORMATION
The modification of radiation induced transformation in vitro by chemicals
A R Kennedy 607
Transformation of human fibroblasts with the mutant p53 gene and X-raysM Namba, M Iijima, T Kondo, Y Inoue, T Tsuji, K Fushimi, K Mihara 611
Cellular and molecular differences and similarities in radiation- and chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis implications for carcinogen interactions
MN Gould, K H Clifton, J D Haag, K Kamiya 615
Oncogenic transformation by radiation and chemicals in mammalian cells
T K Hei and C Q Piao 619
CELLULAR AND SYSTEMIC RESPONSES 623
CONGRESS LECTURE
Synchrotron X-ray studies ofmicrotubules structure, assembly and oscillations
E Mandelkow, A Marx, B Trmczek, 0 Schweers, E -M Mandelkow 625
CONGRESS LECTURE
Radiation and the molecular biology ofthe cell cycleWG, McKenna, A Maity, R M Muschel 629
CONTENTS XVII
CONGRESS LECTURE
Cellular radiosensitivity Lessons from rodent mutants
I Szumiel 635
SYMPOSIUM RADIATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS
A rapid component ofradiation-induced cell death exhibits single-hit kinetics and
characteristics of apoptosisJD Chapman 0 Algan C C Stobbe S Biade G E Hanks 641
Characteristics of radiation-uiduced apoptosis in thymocytesT Yamada, H Ohyama 645
Accelerated repopulation during fractionated irradiation ofmurine ovarian carcinoma
and possible mechanismsHD Thames 649
The role ofapoptosis in tumor response to radiation
R E Meyn, and L Milas 653
WORKSHOP IS APOPTOSIS RELEVANT FOR RADIOTHERAPY''
Lethality ofDNA-associated 3H-and 125I-decays and the effect ofmode ofcell death
IR Radford 657
Radiation-induced apoptosis - effect ofcell cycle kinetics
M Guo.CC Ling, CH Chen, T Deloherey 661
Radiation induced cell death in Go lymphocytes Effects of dose rates and post
irradiation mitotic stimulation
A B Bdckbro, A E Meyer, M Harms-Ringdahl 665
Apoptosis and tumor reoxygenationC G MilrossandL Milas 669
Radiation-induced apoptosis ofnormal cells is inhibited by Bowman-Birk proteinaseinhibitor
AT H Dittmann, N Giiven, C Mayer, HP Rodemann 673
WORKSHOP ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION AFTER LOW DOSE
IONIZING RADIATION AFFECT CELL CYCLE REGULATION AND
ADAPTIVE SURVIVAL RESPONSES
Lack oftranscription factor alterations following ultra-low doses ofionizing radiation
DA Boothman, E Odegaard, W M Sahijdak, M Meyers, C R Yang 676
independence of the adaptive response on induced cell cycle delays that allow
more time for repair
S Wolffand V Afzal 682
CONTENTS
Adaptive responses and gene expression What should we look for?
5 de Toledo EA Azzam R E J Mitchel 685
Adaptive responses in human cells
JD Shadley 689
Non-linear threshold dose response of murine tumongenesis by repeated P-irradiationand p53 mutations involved
H Tanooka A Ootsuyama 693
Reaction kinetics of radioadaptive response in cultured mouse cells
MS Sasaki T Shimizu 697
WORKSHOP WHAT DO WE KNOWABOUT RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM?
Structure and function of the immune system under the influence ofionizing radiation
New approaches ofbiomathematical modelingTM Fliedner,P~R Wilstermann, S Bnicher K Mehr B Tibken EP Hofer 700
Radiation and the human immune systemM Akiyama, S Kyoizumi, Y Kusunoki, Y Hirai 705
Effect ofhigh versus low dose radiation on the immune system
GZJu SZ Liu XY Li, WH Liu H Q Fu 709
Lymphohematopoietic responses to chronic irradiation Consequences and survival
interpreted in a relevant long-lived speciesTE Fritz and TM Seed 715
Recovery ofthe immune system induced by cytokines in irradiated mice
G Dona, C Pioli D Frasca 719
Whole body hyperthermia to treat HIV infection
M Yatvin, M Shenoy, W Li, C Stemhart S Ash C Gingrich, D Sapir G Keeling 723
WORKSHOP ILEG WORKSHOP LONG TERM ANIMAL STUDIES
ARCHIVING AND RESULTS OF CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE
FIRST PART EUROPEAN AND THE US ARCHIVES
U S national radiobiology archives
CR Watson 727
Possibilities to use animal data bases for further statistical evaluation and modelingWC Griffith, BB Boecker, CR Watson, GB Gerber 731
The European radiobiological archives
GB Gerber 735
CONTENTS XIX
Problems related to the standardization ofpathological diagnoses in the archivingof animal data
W Gossner 739
SECOND PART RESULTS ON CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE OF ANIMALS
Leukemogenesis in C3H mice following continuous irradiation with gamma rays
of high and low dose rate
H Otsu T Furuse Y Noda A Shiragai N Yasuda 743
RBE oftritium measured by induction of myeloid leukaemia in CBA/H mice
NE Gentner 749
TISSUE AND TUMOUR BIOLOGY 753
CONGRESS LECTURE
Radiation-induced fibrosis From manto mouse to genes
EL Travis 755
SYMPOSIUM CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF LATE EFFECTS IN TISSUES
A role for transforming growth factor p in radiation fibrosis
MH Barcellos-Hoff 761
Radiation nephropathy a multicellular injuryEP Cohen 765
White matter necrosis ofthe spinal cord Studies on glial progenitor survival
and selective vascular irradiation
A J van der Kogel, BJ Kleiboer, I Verhagen, G J Morris J W Hopewell,JA Coderre 769
CONGRESS LECTURE
Blood supply, tissue oxygenation, pH distribution and bioenergetic status of
human tumours
P Vaupel 773
WORKSHOP HOW TO OVERCOME TUMOUR HYPOXIA
IMPROVED OXYGENATION OR BIOREDUCTrVE DRUGS?
Exploiting tumor microenvironments with bioreductive drugsJM Brown andM J Done 779
Carbogen and nicotinamide as tumour radiosensitisers
A Rojas 783
XX CONTENTS
Modification oftransient perfusion by nicotuiamide,carbogen and perflubron emulsionCD Thomas, S Stem DJ Chaplin M Guichar 787
Radiation-activated cytotoxins a new use for Rbntgen's rays in cancertreatment?
WR Wilson, W A Denny M Tercel 791
Artificial blood substitutes in radiotherapyS Rockwell, S J Baserga J P S Kmse'ly 795
WORKSHOP IS TUMOUR CELL REPOPULATION ACCELERATED DURING RADIOTHERAPY?
Time factor and prescnption bias in radiotherapy ofhead and neck tumours and of
bladder tumours
H -H Dubben andH -P Beck-Bornholdt 799
Evidence ofaccelerated repopulation in animal tumours
J C Kummermehr 803
Impact of overall treatment tune on local control ofhuman FaDu-SCC in nude mice
Repopulation vs reoxygenation
M Baumann, K Horn, C Liertz 807
No reliable evidence for accelerated repopulation in tumours during continuous
fractionated radiotherapyH -P Beck-Bornholdt and H-H Dubben 811
SYMPOSIUM RADIATION EFFECTS IN SPHEROIDS
Resistance to radiation and drugs of cells m three-dimensional culture
RE Durand 815
Experimental tumour therapy with targeted radionuclides in multicellular tumour spheroidsR J Mairs and T E Wheldon 819
Metabolic milieu - a response modifier in multicell spheroidsW Muller-Klieser 827
TUMOUR THERAPY 831
CONGRESS LECTURE
Estimation ofradiobiological parameters from cluneal dataSM Bentzen 833
CONTENTS XXI
SYMPOSIUM CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF PREDICTIVE ASSAYS FOR RESPONSE
TO RADIOTHERAPY
Tumour radiosensitivity as a predictor of response to radiotherapyC M L West and S E Davidson 839
The clinical relevance of normal tissue radiosensitivityW A Brock andFB Geara 843
The clinical relevance oftumour oxygenation measurements
M Guwhard 847
Tumour proliferation as a predictor of response to radiotherapyGD Wilson 851
SYMPOSIUM CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH ALTERED FRACTIONATION SCHEDULES
Altered fractionation schedules succeed clinical results and radiobiological modellingJF Fowler 855
Rectal cancer - a paradigm for investigations of radiation schedules without and with
chemotherapyM Molls andF B Zimmermann 859
Randomised controlled clinical trials with CHART
S Dische andMI Saunders 863
Acute normal tissue responses in conventional and altered fractionated radiotherapyfor head and neck cancer incidence, seventy and kinetics modifications
B Maciejewskt, B Pilech, K Skladowsh, R Tamawsh, R Suwmsh 868
CONGRESS LECTURE
Spinal cord radiationtolerance Are current concepts valid?
KK Ang, R E Price, L C Stephens 874
SYMPOSIUM THERAPEUTIC MODIFICATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
NORMAL TISSUE INJURY
Rational and clinical advantage to be obtained fromthe therapeutic modulation of
normal tissue injury
J W Hopewell 882
Amelioration oflate normal tissue injury by pharmacological intervention after
radiotherapyMEC Robbins 886
Anti-inflammatory drug treatment of radiation injuries
A Michalowski 890
XXII CONTENTS
Cytokines as modifiers of normal tissue reaction
HP Rodemann, A Binder, A Burger, M Bamberg 894
CONGRESS LECTURE
Basic concepts and specific interactions of radiation and chemotherapyTL Phillips 898
SYMPOSIUM WHAT BENEFIT DO WE EXPECT FROM PARTICLE THERAPY?
A dissertation on cluneal aspects of negative pi-meson radiotherapyG B Goodman, T Pickles L D Skarsgard, D E Rheaume, J Bowen,
R 0 Kornelson, G Lam, C Fryer, C Ludgate 909
Overview ofheavy-ion therapyH Tsujn 917
An overview and preview ofproton-beam therapyJM Slater 923
The role of fast neutron radiation therapy an overview
R Engenhart-Cabillw 927
SYMPOSIUM BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY
Boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumours biological considerations
R F Barth 932
Radiobiological considerations in boron neutron capture therapyD Gabel 936
Boron neutron capture therapy for brain tumors planning and dosimetryY Nakagawa 940
Early clinical experience ofboron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiformeD Joel, R Bergland, J Capala, M Chadha, A D Chanana, J A Coderre,
E Elowitz, H B Liu, D N Slatkin, 944
CONGRESS LECTURE
Preparative regimes for patients with leukemias and severe aplastic anemia
biological basis, experimental animal studies and clinical trials at the
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
R Storb 948
CONTENTS XXIII
HYPERTHERMIA 953
CONGRESS LECTURE
Mechanisms ofthermal damageJR Lepock, H E Frey G A Semsterra, M L P Heynen 955
WORKSHOP CELLULAR EFFECTS OF HYPERTHERMIA
Fever-range, long duration hyperthermia, heat shock proteins and the immune responseY Di, E Repasky, J Subjeck 965
Effects ofhyperthermia on intracellular sodium levels and membrane
potentialG P Amormo andMH Fox 969
Heat shock protein synthesis in mammalian cells adapted to growth at low pHgDB Leeper, S P Rifat, M L Wahl, C S Owen 973
Involvement ofKU-autoantigen in the regulation ofhsp70 expressionGC Li, S -H Yang, D Kim, A Nussenzweig, H Ouyang, P Burgmann,L Li 977
Antitumour effects of hyperthermia and dietary fats, and alteration of lipid
peroxidation and glutathione levels
KC George, S Vartak, TPA Devasagayam, B B Singh LE Feinendegen 981
Sensitivity ofhuman melanoma cells to hyperthermia and/or radiation independenceof intracellular pHF ZdlzerandC Streffer 985
SYMPOSIUM RADIOSENSITIZATION BY HYPERTHERMIA
Radiosensrtization by hyperthermia Mechanisms of action
AWT Konings 989
Kinetics of DNA repair
E Dikomeyand J Dahm-Daphi 993
Hyperthermic radiosensitization in the treatment ofsolid tumors - experiencefrom mice and men
J Overgaard and M R Horsman 997
Enhancement of brachytherapy by long duration-mild temperature hyperthermiaE P Armour, D Gersten, A Martinez, PM Corry 1001
xxrv CONTENTS
SYMPOSIUM CLINICAL HYPERTHERMIA
Superficial hyperthermiaC C Vernon, J van derZee, J Overgaard D Gonzales Gonzales 1005
Cluneal interstitial hyperthermia Where have we been? Where are we going?PKSneed 1009
Results ofadditional hyperthermia in pelvic tumours
J van der Zee, D Gonzalez Gonzalez 1013
Hyperthermia clinical trials in JapanM Hiraoka, Y Nishmura, Y Nagata M Mitsumori, Y Okuno, M Abe 1017
NON-IONIZING RADIATIONS 1021
CONGRESS LECTURE
Chromatin properties affecting UV-induced damage formation and repairF Thoma, U Schieferstem, S Tanaka, R Wellmger 1023
CONGRESS LECTURE
UV and skin cancer The contribution of fundamental research to protection and risk
assessment in humans
R.M Tyrrell 1029
SYMPOSIUM PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
Photodynamic therapy Problems and prospectsV Jain 1035
(New) photosensitizers in PDT
TMA R Dubbelman 1039
Photodynamic procedures in urologyD Jocham 1043
SYMPOSIUM UV EFFECTS ON MAN AND ECOSYSTEMS
Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystemsD-P Hdder 1053
Patterns ofhuman exposure to ultraviolet radiation
F Urbach 1057
CONTENTS XXV
WORKSHOP BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Concept ofdose for non-ionizing electromagnetic fields
M Grandolfo 1062
Power frequency fields and cancer
MH Repacholi 1066
Do mobile phones pose a health hazard'
N Kuster 1072
Should exposure limits for EMF and RF fields be lowered?
H Garn 1076
Enhanced gene expression and mutation by ELF magnetic fields
J Miyakoshi, S Ohtsu, N Yamagisht, K Mohn, H Takebe 1080
WORKSHOP BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PULSED ULTRASOUND
Nonthermal, noncavitational effects ofultrasound on tissue
E Rosenfeld 1084
Pulsed ultrasound as stimulator ofneural structures
LR Gavnlov 1088
Mechanisms ofchemopotentiation by low-level tone-burst ultrasound
GH Harmon EK Balcer-Kubiczek, PL Gutierrez, JV Ordonez 1092
Bioeffects resulting from gas bubble dynamicsAR Williams 1096
Ultrasonic bioeffects Thresholds m vitro
F Brummer, D Suhr, U Irmer, D F Hulser 1099
Superoxide formation by ultrasound and an ESR spintrap study for ubiquinone radicals
T Kondo, P Riesz 1103
RADIATION RISKS 1107
CONGRESS LECTURE
Fifty years afterthe A-bomb and the current cancer risk
K Mabuchi, D L Preston, D A Pierce, Y Shmizu, M Vaeth 1109
SYMPOSIUM EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RADIATION-rNDUCED CANCER
Leukemia in irradiated populationsG R Howe 1115
XXVI
Thyroid cancer near Chernobyl7 Abelin, J I Averkin, A E Okeanov J P Bleuer 1118
Cancer from internal emitters
B B Boecker and W C Griffith Jr 1122
SYMPOSIUM EVALUATION OF RADIATION RISKS
Radiation effects on the developing brain
G Konermann 1126
Biologically-based dose-response model for radiation carcinogenesis
E G Luebeck, S B Curtis, S H Moolgavkar 1130
Some epidemiological approaches to radiation-related cancer risk
C Land 1134
Re-evaluation of genetic radiation risks
K Sankaranarayanan 1138
SYMPOSIUM HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
Thyroid cancer promoted by radiation in children ofBelarus
EP Demidchik, Y E Demidchik 1143
Dose assessment for the children with thyroid cancer in Belarus
E Buglova, W Drzdovitch, G Goulko Y Kemgsberg, V Mmenko, H R Robl,
G Voigt.HG Paretzke 1147
Micronuclei in lymphocytes of children from ChernobylW-U Midler, C Streffer K Wuttke, C Remen, J Biko E Demidchik 1151
Radioiodine treatment ofthyroid cancer m children from Belarus
C Reiners, J Biko, L Geworski M Olthoff E P Demidchik, C Streffer,H G Paretzke, G Voigt, Y Kemgsberg, W Baiter, G Heinemann, H Pfob 1155
WORKSHOP RADIATION RISKS IN MEDICINE
Risks associated with the medical use of ionising radiation at various ages
J Slather andB F Wall 1159
Exposure ofthe embryo and foetus
S Mattsson 1163
Doses from diagnostic uses of radiation in medicine
J Valentin 1167
Radiation risk from radiotherapyL B Beentjes and J H Duijsmgs 1171
CONTENTS XXVII
Model for optimizing mammography screening protocolsJTM Jansen andJ Zoetehef 1175
Cancer risks after irradiation m infancy for skin hemangiomaM Lundell andL-E Holm 1179
WORKSHOP PHYSICS AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION
RECEIVED IN SPACE AND AIRCRAFT
Opportunities for radiation research in spaceW Schimmerhng 1183
Radiation safety issues in high altitude commercial aircraft
JW Wilson, FA Cucinotta JL Shmn 1187
Space radiation measurement due to RRMD m IML-2 flight experimentsT Doke T Hayashi, J Kikuchi N Hasebe S Nagaoka, GD Badhwar 1191
Enzymatic repair ofradiation-induced DNA damage under microgravityG Horneck, P Rettberg, M Schdfer, H Zimmermann,H Rmk,C Baumstark-Khan S Kozubek 1195
SYMPOSIUM THE RISKS OF LOW LEVEL RADIATION EXPOSURE
COMPARED TO OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Comparing low-level radiation with other hazards
JohnBoice 1199
Indoor radon and lung cancer - etiologic fraction
A Auvmen 1203
East German uranium miners The risk oflate effects from exposure to a complexphysical and chemical environment
G Enderle, K Frudnch U Plappert, P -R Wiistermann, A Hagenmaier,B Ziegler, T Fliedner 1207
LATE ABSTRACTS 1211
INDEXES 1221
AUTHOR INDEX 1223
SUBJECT INDEX 1231