international cooperation for modeling pinus brutia forests in syria · 2014-11-05 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
International cooperation for modeling Pinus
brutia
forests in Syria
Zuheir Shater , Timo Pukkala, Bassel Kraid, Sergio DeMeguil, Marc Palahi
Coniferous forests occupy about 145.000 ha in Syria, concentrated particularly in the Baer-Bassit and AlForoloq region in the coastal mountains.
The stands are quite varied as to age, structure and stand conditions.
Pinus brutia is the main species in Syrian forests and it is accompanied by many trees and shrubs, according to local ecological conditions
These pine forests are found essentially in the humid, subhumid and semi-arid bioclimatic zones.They are very important for their economic, environmental, social and touristic values.Sustainable development of forests and its multiple socio-economic, cultural, and environmental values involve maintaining indefinitely, the productive and renewable capacities, as well as the diversity of the forest ecosystems, precious natural heritage of the long history of the forest vegetation in the region, during the past millennia.
There is a need in the Syrian situation of the forests for explicit attention to those huge areas where the forests are disappearing as a result of clearing for agriculture, where excessive grazing is preventing natural regeneration of trees or where cutting and forest fires are leading to the degradation or disappearance of woodlands.
It is precisely in these forest areas, that the need for sustainable management of the remaining forests is urgent
Project1: INNOVATIVE AND INTEGRATED
APPROACHES, METHODS AND TOOLS FOR MEDITERRANEAN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS AND TOOLS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND
PRESERVATION OF FORESTRY RESOURCES AND THE REVITALISATION OF RURAL
COMMUNITIES IN SYRIA AND LEBANON
OBJECTIVESTo develop some scientific tools for the establishment and planning of the sustainable forest management strategy through:1) Generating new information on the composition, structure and dynamics of the forest systems by means of the application of modern skills of inventory and forest modeling2) Developing tools of support to the forest management in Syria
3) Improving the capacities of the governmental entities responsible for forest planning, conservation and management
4) Sensitize the rural populations on the importance of the conservation of the forest resources and management as well as its sustainable use
Plots Selection
64 plots were measured in the coastal mountains where most P. brutia forests of the country can be found.
19 plots were measured for stand age and dominant height to complement the data (stand age - dominant height)
The plots are spread all over the coastal mountains of Syria
•Location and distribution of the plots:
The plot selection was done according to :
Dominance of Pinus brutia
Homogeneity of the trees in terms of height and age
Density of the plot
The selected stands cover different ages, sites and densities:
Plots in good sites capturing different ages and densitiesPlots in bad sites capturing different ages and densitiesPlots in different intermediate sites capturing different ages and densities
circular sample plots
The plot radius varied depending on the stand density.
Around 50 to 75 trees were measured in most plots.
The selected plots should have been spared any human interference (i.e. pruned or damaged by fires) for the past ten years.
Measured variables
Tree diameter at breast height; radial growth of one or two past 10-year periods; tree height of 11 sample trees; age of 5 dominant trees; bark thickness of 11 sample trees.
Measured variables
Tree diameter at breast height; radial growth of one or two past 10-year periods; tree height of 11 sample trees; age of 5 dominant trees; bark thickness of 11 sample trees.
UTM coordinates of the plot centre. 1st tree azimuth and first tree distance ElevationSlope and exposition (aspect)Parent rock type and soil depth
Plot No. Radius NoGrPer Xcenter Ycenter Elev Aspect Slope %
54 11 2 771080 3972200 590 35 16
1stTrAzi 1stTrDist cm MainSpe
230 50 1
Soil Type Soil depth 1 Soil depth 2 Soil depth 3 Soil depth 4 Soil depth 5
10 14 16 33 12 30
Date: 03/06/2008
Nro Spe D H Id1-10 Id11-20 Bark Age
cm m mm mm mm years
14805 1 28.2 0 9 18 0 014806 1 25 0 6 13 0 014807 1 8.5 5.7 7 14 4 014808 1 23.5 12.1 7 13 17 014809 1 14.8 0 5 12 0 014810 1 24.6 0 11 23 0 014811 1 15 0 6 14 0 014812 1 16.1 0 11 20 0 014813 1 25.8 11.6 9 22 29 014814 1 29.2 0 18 33 0 014815 1 19 0 12 26 0 014816 1 18.6 0 11 21 0 014817 1 22 0 11 21 0 014818 1 32.5 13.4 19 33 25 6814819 1 16.4 0 10 21 0 014820 1 19.5 0 13 25 0 014821 1 11.9 0 11 22 0 014822 1 18.8 0 10 19 0 014823 1 20.7 0 6 15 0 014824 1 24.4 0 9 13 0 014825 1 17.3 0 6 12 0 014826 1 9.3 8.3 7 20 18 014827 1 10.9 0 7 13 0 0
Municipality: Mahmiee2
Description:
Models
Model for dominant heightModel for diameter incrementHeight modelSelf-thinning modelTree volume model
Model for dominant height
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80 100
Age (years)
Dom
inan
t hei
ght (
m)
Hg=18.299(1-e-0.080T)1.976
Model for diameter increment
id : 10-year diameter increment (cm)G : stand basal area (m2/ha)BAL : basal area of trees larger than the subject tree (m2/ha)
SI : site indexSlo : steepness of the slope (%),
Asp : aspect in radians d :breast height diameter (cm).
ln(id) = -1.793 -0.0221G -0.0183BAL +1.387ln(SI)-0.0545 ln(Slo+1)cos(Asp) -0.0630ln(d)
(R2) : 0.446 ; (SDR): 0.573
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 10 20 30
Site index, m
10-y
ear g
row
th, c
m
NorthEastWestSoluth
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 20 40 60 80Diameter, cm
10-y
ear g
row
th, c
m
NorthEastWestSoluth
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 10 20 30 40
BAL, m2/ha
10-y
ear g
row
th, c
m
NorthEastWestSoluth
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 10 20 30 40
Basal area, m2/ha
10-y
ear g
row
th, c
m
NorthEastWestSoluth
Height model
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Diameter, cm
Hei
ght,
m
Ddom=16cm,Hdom=10mDdom=25cm,Hdom=16mDdom=45cm,Hdom=25m
h = Hdom×(d/Ddom) 0.543-0.230d/Ddom
(R2) : 0.862 ; (SDR): 2.12
Self-thinning model
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 10 20 30 40
Mean diameter, cm
Num
ber o
f tre
es p
er h
a (N
max
)
SI=10mSI=15mSI=20mSI=25m
ln(Nmax) = 10.824 -1.828ln(Dmean)+0.656ln(SI)
(R2) : 0.924 ; (SDR): 0.169
Tree volume
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 20 40 60 80Diameter, cm
Vol
ume,
m3
H = 8mH =16mH =24m
v = 0.0000383d 1.976 h 0.952 (R2) : 0.992v = 0.0000304d 2.852 (R2) : 0.957
Use of the models in simulation
The models were used to simulate the development of Pinus brutia stands in Syria
Input data: tree diameters (d)dominant height (Hdom) stand age (T)
Next steps
2nd phase of the project: Development of skills and tools for the sustainable management and preservation of forestry resources and the revitalization of rural communities in Syria and Lebanon
Pinus brutia model joining data from EasternMediteranean countries