international drying symposium ; 14 (são paulo) : 2004.08.22 …second-law modelingofdeep bed...
TRANSCRIPT
IM!,. H
RYING2004
volume A
Editors: M A Silva
S C S Rocha
Series Editor: A S Mujumdar
CONTENTS
Preface v
Acknowledgement}. vli
Advisory Panel viii
Scientific Committee ix
Organizing Committee ix
List of Reviewers x
VOLUME A
Section I, Keynote Lectures
Modern process modelling: multiscale and goal-directed 3
I.T. Cameron
Second-law modeling of deep bed drying processes with a simulation study of wheat air-recirculated
fluidi/ed-bed drying 18
M. Fortes
Colour development on drying 33
R.B. Keey
Storage stability of dry food systems: influence of state changes during drying and storage 48
T.P. Labuza, K. Roe, C. Payne, F. Panda, T.J. Labuza, P. S. Labuza and L. Krusch
Drying of nanoporous and nanostructured materials 69
Z. Pakowski
Product engineering by the paper dryer 89
S. Stenstrom
Section 11. Plenary Lecture 99
Role of IDS in promoting innovation and global R&D effort in drying technologies 101
A.S. Mujumdar
xi
Section III. Fundamentals ofDrying 119
Fluidized bed spray granulation: analysis of dynamic particle populations and heat and mass
transfers 121
Stefan Hcinrich, Mirko Peglow.Markus Hennebcrg, Jorg Drcchslerand Lothar Mori
Ruidi/.ed bed drying: influence of dispersion and transport phenomena 129
Mirko Pcglow, Stefan Heinrich, Evangelos Tsotsas and Lothar Mori
Drying of pastes in vibrofluidized beds: effects of the amplitude and frequency of vibration and
of the dimensionless vibration number on the bed fluid-dynamics 137
Roger V. Dak'l'fe. Maria C. Ferreira and Jose" T. Freire
Drying kinetics of some building materials 145
A. MoropouUm. M. Karoglou, A. Giakoumaki, M.K. Krokida, Z.B. Maroulis and G.D.
Saravacos
Dependence analysis of the shrinkage and shape evolution of a gel system with the forced
convection drying periods 152
Leonardo da S. Ameche and Dermcval J. M. Sartori
Experimental analysis of the mechanism of counter-current spray drying process 161
Ireneus/ Zbicinski. Marcin Piatkowski and Czeslaw Strumillo
CFD model of counter-current spray drying process 169
Ireneus/ Zbicinski and Rafal Zielara
A new approach to the inversion temperature 177
Vi'tor A. !•'. Costa, Fernando Neto da Silva and Celcstino R. Ruivo
Influence of pore si/e distribution on drying kinetics: a simple capillary model 185
Thomas Met/ger and Evangelos Tsotsas
Drying enhancement of clay slab by microwave heating 193
Yoshinon Itaya. Shigeru Uchiyama, Shigenobu Hatano and S. Mori
Description of sorption isotherms as a function of water activity, composition and temperature
using MLP 201
Wladyslaw Kaminski and Elwira Tomc/.ak
Prediction of sorption isotherms of biodegradable polymers and their mixtures 209
Elwira Tomc/.ak
Influence of aqueous polymeric coating suspension characteristics on the particle coating in a
spouted bed 217
Marta Wilk Donida, Sandra C. S. Rocha and Fldvia Bartholomcu
Study of the batch hot melt coating of tablets in spouted bed 225
Kami P. Paulucci, Karen R. Stabile and Luis A. P. Frcitas
\u
Determination of residence time of paste during drying of a phytomedicinc in a spouted bed 232
Maria P.O. Peixoto, Anna P. R. Montciro and Luis A. P. Freitas
Analysis of tablets coating efficiency in a bottom spray spouted bed coater 239
Andresa L. Espinaco and Luis A. P. Freitas
Kinetics of conductive drying and heat-transfer on contact cylinders 247
V. I. Konovalov,N. Z. Gatapova ,
A, N, Koliuch,A. N. Pachomov
,A. N. Shikunov and A.
N. Utrobin
Temperature influence on desorption isotherms 254
Dusan B. Popov ski and Vangclcc B. Mitrcvski
Vacuum contact drying kinetics: effects of bed depth and particle size 258
Martin Kohout.Alan P. Collier and Franlisek Stepanek
To the theory of vacuum drying 266
V Kutovoy, L. Nikolaichuk and V. Slyesov
The Romanian school contributions on the oscillations influence in the intensification of
process translcr in gas fluidi/ed bed 272
Ciheorghita Jinesai
On the analogy between heat and mass transfer for high dew point air 280
Lars Nilsson
Analysis of moisture distribution in conveclivc textile fabric drying 285
Lui/.a. H. C. D. Sousa, Alexandre. S. Monleiro, Oswaldo. C. Motta Lima, Nehemias. C. Pcreira
and Elisabele. S. Mcndes
Investigation of paper dryer picking, web transfer and quality issues using a new web adhesion
and drying simulator 293
1' Ahrens. T. Patterson, S. Mueller and B. Hojjalie
Second law analysis of drying: - modeling and simulation of fluidized bed grain drying 301
Mauri Fortes and Wanyr Romero Ferreira
Heal pump drying under inert atmosphere 309
M. N. A Hawlader, Conrad O. Pcrcra, Min Tian, B.K. Ong and Kuan Jin Chng
Section IV. Modeling and Simulation ofDrying 317
A three-dimensional simulation of a spray dryer with a rotary atomizer 319
Lixin Huang,M. L. Passos, Kurichi Kumar and A. S. Mujumdar
Computational fluid dynamic simulation of droplet drying in a spray dryer 326
Lixin Huang, Kurichi Kumar and Arun.S. Mujumdar
Optimization of drying process in the manufacturing of adhesive tapes 333
Eduardo de B. Perez and Mdrcio da S. Carvalho
Validation of the lagrangian approach for predicting turbulent dispersion and evaporation of
droplets within a spray 341
Justin J. Nijdam, Baoyu Guo, David F. Fletcher and Timothy A.G. Langrish
Stresses generated during convective and microwave drying 351
Stefan J. Kowalski, Kinga Rajewska and Andrzej Rybicki
Optimization of pharmaceuticals freeze-drying cycles: characterization of annealing effects bythe pressure rise analysis method 359
P. Chouvenc, S. Vessol, J. Andrieu and P. Vacus
Pneumatic drying of solid particles 366
I. Skuratovsky, A Levy and I. Borde
Development of a 3D software for the drying of food using a computational fluid dynamic(CFD) approach 374
A. P. Ohara, N. Spogis and J, R. Nunhez
Model-based analysis and optimization of convective grain drying processes 381
Milan B. Stakic and Evangelos Tsotsas
The influence of spray dryer operation variables on milk powder quality 389
Viviane S, Birchal, M. Laura Passos, G16ria R. S. Wildhagen and Arun. S, Mujumdar
Modeling through drying of tissue - effect of pore size distribution on drying characteristics 397
Henrik Weinciscn and Stig StenstrSm
Computer simulation of fluidized bed dryer with bubble size variation 405
L. Garnavi, N. Kasiri and S.H. Hashemabadi
Robust simulation of counter-flow moving bed dryers 414
Domingos Fabiano de S. Souza, Roberta C. Vieira, Maria L. Passos and Evaristo C. Biscaia Jr.
Comparison of two modeling .approaches for a multi-cylinder paper dryer 422
Magnus Karlsson and Stig Stenstrdm
Derivation of new drying model from theoretical diffusion controlled drying period 430
Law Chung Lim, Siti Masrinda Tasirin and Wan Ramli Wan Daud
A new two-scale model describing drying kiln dynamics and coupled heat and mass transfer in
a porous medium: application to the combined vacuum drying and radiative heating of wood 436
Ian Turner and Patrick Perre'
xiv
From tissue to lincrboard: Validation of a microscale simulator for single technique and hybrid 444
dryersMohsen Sadcghi and W.J. Murray Douglas
Liquid transport during isothermal drying of a capillary porous solid containing.
multicomponcnt liquid mixtures . 452
Rafael Gamero and Joaqufn Martinez
Isothermal drying of a multicomponcnt liquid film 461
Fabio Luna and Joaquin Martinez
The impact of density gradients on the stress level within a green ceramic compact during
drying 469
Roman Peczalski, David Falgon, Julien Andrieu and Jean-Claude Boyer
Dynamic model for freeze drying process
'
477
Edinara Adelaide Boss, Eduardo Coselli Vasco de Toledo and Rubens Made! Filho
Investigation of coalescence kinetics of microcristalline cellulose in fluidised bed spray
agglomeration - experimental studies and modelling approach 485
Mirko Peglow, Jitendra Kumar and Lothar Mori
Heat and mass transfer inside oblate and prolate spheroids: an exact solution 493
D. R. Lima, S. N. Farias and A. G. B. Lima
Simultaneous heat and moisture transfer and shrinkage during drying of ceramic materials 501
Jose" J, S. Nascimento, Gelmires A. Neves, Francisco A. Bclo and Antonio G. B. Lima,
Drying of lentils including shrinkage: a numerical simulation 510
J. E. F. Carmo and A, G. B. de Lima
Simultaneous water and salt diffusion in meat during drying and curing of ham 518
Zdzislaw Pakowski, Pcre Gou, Josep Comaposada and Jacint Amau
Experimental analysis of fluidized bed freeze drying526
P. Tomova, W. Behns, H. Haida,. M. Ihlow and L. Mori
Mathematical modelling and simulation of heat and mass transfer phenomena in a shrinking
cylinder during drying533
Bilcl Hadrich and Nabil Kechaou
Drying modelling of a parallelepipedic oil shale particle542
Paulo S. S. Porto and Antonio C. L. Lisboa
Drying of porous alumina particles in a vertical pneumatic dryer549
Cristiane P. Narimatsu, Maria C. Ferreira and Jos T. Freire
Dryeration process - simulation and comparative technical economical feasibility in a case
study: a country elevator located in the argentine humid pampa557
M. C. Gelv and S. Giner
Research on modeling and simulation of mixed flow gram dryer 565
C.W. Cao, D.Y. Yang, X. D. Liu and Q. Liu
Modeling and simulation of discontinuous processes of particles coating in spouted bed 573
Mario Paulo F., Rafael M. Tiba, Sandra C. S, Rocha and Antonio C. L. Lisboa
Study of the spouted bed fluid dynamics using CFD 581
C. R. Duartc, V.V. Murata and M.A.S. Barrozo
Prediction of osmotic pretreatment parameters using neural networks models for process
optimization 589
Carolina. P. Moura, Maria Lucia Masson and Carlos I. Yamamoto
Optimization of spray drying of rosclle extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) 597
Isaac Andrade and Hector Flores
Visual software (Flux) for simulation of cross flow dryer performance and effect on quality.examples for wheat 605
Sergio A. Giner, and Cdsar A. Estrebou
Application of an explicit finite difference model to obtain thermal diffusivity of soybean 613
Ana Paula Ito, Kil Jin Park and Thiago Henrique Ardito
Optimal spray-drier encapsulation process of orange oil 621
Hector Flores-Marlmcz, Guillcrmo Osorio-Rcvilla and Tzayhri Gallardo-Velazquez
Application of mathematical models of two and three parameters in the prediction of sorptionisotherms lor ingii (Ingd edulis) pulp 628
Aroldo Arevalo-Pmedo, Abraham D. Giraldo-Zuniga, Fernando L. Santos, Zilda D. S. Ardvalo
and Rosalinda P. Ardvalo
Sorption isotherms experimental data and mathematical models for murici pulp (Byrsonimasencea) 634
Aroldo Arevalo-Pincdo, Abraham D. Giraldo-Zuniga, Fernando L. Dos Santos, Zilda D. S.
Ardvalo and Rosalinda P. Ardvalo
Concurrent drying of soybean seeds: the effect of radial air profile 640
A. J. de Assis, T. S. dc Lira, V. V. Murata and M. A. S. Barrozo
The theoretical and experimental investigation of low temperature vacuum drying processes of
agricultural materials 648
Vladimir P. Guskov, Leonid A. Bazyma, Andrew V. Basteev, Alexander M. Lyashcnko,Valcriy Lyakhno and Vladimir A. Kutovoy
: Downer fluidi/.ed bed reactors: an application to drying operations 656
P.I. Alvarez, R. Vega and R. Blasco
xvi
Meshpore : a software able to apply image-based meshing techniques to anisotropic and
heterogeneous porous media 664P. Perrd
Saving of energy in drying using a newly developed portal 672
N.V. Menshutina, S.V. Goncharova and T. Kudra
Modeling of freeze drying in fluidized bed 680
N. Menshutina, A.E. Korneeva, S. Goncharova and H. Leuenberger
Stress building in pasta during drying and prediction of cracks apparition 687
G. Ponsart, J. Vasseur and J.M. Meot
Grain drying optimization at low temperatures: I - application of the fundamentals of the
dynamic programming 694
Joao Batista Soares, Silvia Azucena Nebra de Perez and Paulo de Barros Correia
Grain drying optimization at low temperatures: II - cases simulation 702
Joao Batista Soares, Silvia Azucena Nebra de Perez and Paulo de Barros Correia
Generalization of the drying curves in convective and conductive/convective textile fabric
drying 710
Luiza H. C. D. Sousa, Alexandre S. Monteiro, Viviane R. Petri, Oswaldo C. Motta Lima,
Nehemias C. Pereira and Elisabcte. S. Mendcs
A model for internal moisture diffusivity during the regular regime. Comparison with
experimental data obtained on plaster and spirulina 718
L, Derdour and H. Dcsmorieux
Modelling and numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during vacuum drying of a
porous medium 726
A. Erriguible, P. Bernada, F. Couture and M.A. Roques
Pore-level modeling of isothermal drying of pore networks accounting for evaporation, viscous
flow and shrinking 733
Luis A. Segura and Pedro G. Toledo
Mathematical modelling for representation of coffee berry volumetric shrinkage 742
Paulo C. Corrca, Dcise M. Ribciro, Osvaldo Resende, Paulo C. Afonso Junior and Andrd L.D.
Goneli
Contributor's index
xvn
VOLUME B
Section V. Industrial Processes and Equipment 749
Developments in the modeling of plug flow fluidized bed dryers 751
Christopher G. J. Baker, Abdul R. Khan, Yusul I. Ali and Khalid Damyar
Layer-ol'-prolection analysis (dlopa) for industrial drying risk assessment 760
Adam S. Markowski and Arun S. Mujumdar
Developments in Aspen technology drying software 767
Ian C. Kemp, Nicholas J. Hallas and David E. Oakley
Airflow patterns in a counter-current spray drying tower - simulation and measurement 775
Andrew E. Bayly, Paul Jukes, Michael Groombridge and Clare McNally
Yield optimization by combination of practical. Data and drying fundamentals 782
R P.J.M. Houben ,PJ. Deckers 1, F. de Boeff, J.W.M. Heesakkers and P.J.A.M. Kcrkhof
('ompanson of particle motion correlations for cascading rotary dryers 790
Ian C. Kemp
Drying - the Cinderella of the process industry 798
Harry Traub
Final drying of milk powder in vibrated-fluidized beds 805
Marcos A. A. Cruz, M. Laura Passos, and WanyrR. Ferreira
Refractance window tm - "down under" 813
Phillip T.Clarkc
Performance Analysis of a Tumble Dryer 821
Jonas Berghel, Lena Brunzell and Pedcr Bengtsson
Comparison of drying characteristics of porous materials with and without fluidi/.ing particlesunder reduced pressure 828
Yuji Tatemoto, Yoshihidc Mawatari, Keiichi Sugila, Katsuji Noda and Nobuyuki Komatsu
Drying of beans in a pulsed-fluid bed dryer - fluid-dynamics and the influence of temperature,airflow rate and frequency of pulsation on the drying rate 836
Marcello Nitz and Osvaldir P. Taranto
Influence of the marine algae drying on the capacity of removal of the chromium 844
Josilcnc A. Cavalcantc, Sandra C. S. Rocha and Meuris G. C. da Silva
The effect of processing factors on the efficiency of hard gelatin capsules coating in a spoutedbed 852
Helder V.A. Oliveira and Luis A. P. Freitas
xviu
Prediction of efficiency and particles growth in the granules coating and drying process bystatistical experimental design 860
Osvaldo S. du Silva and Sandra C.S. Rocha
Study of the inulin concentration by physical methods 868
Juliana Tofano C. Lcite, Paula Martinelli, Fernanda Elisabeth. X. Murr and Kil Jin Park
Drying of banana paste in rotary dryer with inert bed 876Rebeca Y. C. Padilla, Josd R. Limaverde and Josd R. D. Finzer
Drying of mango slices using heat pump dryer 884
Marcio N. Kohayakawa, Vivaldo Silveira-Jtinior and Javier Telis-Romero
Heat pumps for wood drying - new developments and preliminary results 892
Vasile Minca
Biochemical and physical criteria of spirulina after different drying processes 900
Hdlenc Desmorieux and Fabiola Hernandez
Section VI. Measurement and Process Control 909
Model predictive control of the water based painting drying using a humidity profile soft sensor
and a temperature measurement 911
Pascal Dufour, Pierre Laurent and Cheng-Zhong Xu
Fuzzy control system in drying process of fermented dry-cured sausages 919
Pere Gou, Josep Comaposada, Elvira Serra, Montserrat Corominas, Manel Poch and Jacint
Arnau
A proposed spray drying control system 927
Jan Stawczyk and Marcin Czapnik
Development of a low range air speed sensor for natural convection in solar dryer 932
I. Seres, I. Farkas and K. Gottschalk
Real-time control of microwave drying process 941
Viboon Changrue, Predrag S. Sunjka, Yvan Gariepy, G.S.Vijaya Raghavan and Ning Wang
Freeze drying of food products in a closed system 949
Jan Stawczyk, Sheng Li and Romuald Zylla
xix
Section VII. Energy and Environmental Implications 955
Energy efficient dryer operation - an update on developments 957
Christopher G. J. Baker
Drying of municipal sewage sludge: from a laboratory scale batch indirect dryer to the paddledryer 965
Patricia Arlabosse, S. Chavez and C. Prevot
Thermal efficiency in sewage sludge fry drying 972
Carlos A. Peregrina Cambero, Patricia Arlabosse and Didier Lccomtc
Investigation into the feasibility of sorbent dehumidification combined with chilled ceiling in
comfort cooling 979
Ahmadul Amecn, Zainal Alitnuddin and Khizir Mahmud
Study of the environmental impact of wood fuel processing 986
Roger Rcnstrom, Lars Lindquist and Fredrik Wikstrom
Sugar cane bagasse drying - a review 990
Juan H. Sosa-Arnao, Fabiano Marquezi de Oliveira, Jefferson L. G. Correa, Maria A. Silva and
Silvia A. Nebra
Controllability of a chemical heat pump dryer 998
Hironao Ogura, Tstsuya Yamamoto, Yasufumi Otsubo, Hiroki Ishida, Hiroyuki Kage and Arun
S. Mujumdar
Drying of sewage sludge through immersion frying 1005
Daniela P. da Silva, Victor Rudolph and Osvaldir P. Taranto
Influence of the phosphoric acid addition on the drying kinetics of dredged sediment 1013
S. Kribi, A. Joyau, A. Nzihou and P. Arlabosse
Energy aspects of novel techniques for drying biological materials 1021
Vijaya G. S. Raghavan, Timothy J. Rcnnie, Predrag S. Sunjka, Valeric Orsal, Wera
Phaphuangwiltayakul and Pradit Terdtoon
Reducing dryer energy use by process integration and pinch analysis 1029Ian C. Kemp
Environment friendly, energy saving vacuum drying installation 1037
S. Kutovoy, V. Kutovoy and O. Mcdvedeva
A solar collector design procedure for crop drying 1042
B.M. Santos, M.R. Queiroz and T.P.F. Borgcs
Quality of pegaga leaf dried in a solar assisted dehumidification drying system 1049
M. Yahya, M. Y. Othman, K. Sopian, W. R. W, Daud and B. Yatim
xx
Sludge drying characteristics on combined system of contact dryer and fluidized bed dryer 1055
Won-Pyo Chun and Ki-Woo Lee
Section VIII Drying of Chemical and Polymer Materials
and Drying of Pharmaceutical and Biomaterials 1063
Microwave-vacuum drying kinetics of pharmaceutical powders 1065G. Farrell, W.A.M. McMinn and T.R.A. Magce
Evaluation of a drying process for microbiological load reduction of the healthcare waste 1073Samira M. L. Carvalho, Maria A. G. Prandi, Marise Sim5es, Beatriz Pisani, Marcclino. L.
Gimenes and Mcuris G. C. da Silva
Temperature profiles in powder beds during microwave drying 1081
W.A.M. McMinn., CM. McLoughlin, G. Farrell and T.R.A. Magee
The drying behaviour of multi-component fluid catalytic cracking catalyst 1089
Stefan C.T van der Sanden, W. Jan Coumans and Piet J.A.M. Kerkhof
Effect of drying method on gas adsorption characteristics of carbon gel microspheres 1097
Takuji Yamamolo, Akira Endo, Takao Ohmori, Masaru Nakaiwa, Shin R. Mukai and HajimeTamon
Modeling of biomass drying in fluidized bed 1104
Joao F. A. Vitor, Evaristo C. Biscaia Jr. and Giulio Massarani
Spray-drying as a method for microparticulate modified release systems preparation 1112
Alysson L. R. Ratles and Wanderley P. Oliveira
Drying temperature and relative humidity effects on mechanical properties of amaranth flour
films plastici/.cd with glycerol 1120
Delia Tapia-Blacido; Paulo J. Sobral and Florcncia C. Mcnegalli
Vitamin C degradation during the drying process of the granulated wild-rose extract 1128
Gheorghita Jinescu, Alexandru Woinaroschy, Carmen-Elena Tebrencu and Elena lonescu
Residence lime distribution in a fluidized bed dryer 1134
Alejandro Reyes and Horacio Castro
Theoretical study on microwave frceze-dryingof an aqueous solution of lactose with the aid of
dielectric material 1142
Wei Wang and Guohua Chen
Spouted bed drying of Bauhiniaforficata link extract: effect of the position of the feed atomizer
and operating conditions on equipment performance and on product properties 1150
Claudia R. Fernandas Souza and Wanderley P. Oliveira
xxt
Conservation conditions of the mummy of similaun in the museum: influence and limitation of
the energy sources at low temperature storage condition able to avoid long term atmosphericfreeze drying process of the iceman 1158R Bruttini and M. Samadelli
Spray-dried chitosan microspheres cross-linked with d,l-glyceraldehyde as a potential drugdelivery system: preparation and characteri/ation 1166
Bergson Pogacu de Oliveira, Maria Helena Andrade Santana and Maria Ines Rd
The influence of the liquid properties and the atomizing conditions on the physicalcharacteristics of the spray-dried ferrous sulfate microparticles 1174M. I. Rd, L. S. Messia.s and H. Schettini
Drying characteristics of hydrophilic polymer gel: co-polymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide 1182
Sunil S. Waje, Mahendra W. Meshram, Vinaykumar Chaudhary, Rachana Pandey, Prakash A.
Mahanawar and Bhaskar N, Thorat
Section IX. Drying of Paper 1191
An improved drying model for coated paper 1193Miklos Kan/arnar, Manfred J. Hampe, Martin Tictz and Knut Helmer
A study of surface welting when coaling paper 1201C-G Berg, N-C Berg and M. Karlsson
A study of the contact coefficient when drying paper 1209C-G Berg and N-C Berg
Heating/drying of uncoatcd paper with gas-fired and electric infrared emitters - fundamental
understanding 1217J, Seyed-Yagoobi and H. Noboa
Heal pump drying of sulphate and sulphite cellulose 1225
Ingvald Str0mmen, Trygve M. Eikevik, Odilio Alvcs-Filho and Kristin Syverud
Assessment of different paper drying processes to reduce the total energy costs from a mill
perspective 1233
Kristian Lindell and Stig Stenstrom
Moisture equilibrium isotherms for a handmade kraft paper 1241
Oswaldo C. Motta Lima, Guilherme D. Machado, Roberta M. Lucheis and Nehemias C. Pereira
Temperature measurements and simulations inside a paper in a fuser nip 1249O.Timofeev, J.Keranen.H. Kiiskinen, J.Kiuru and A.Tanaka
xxn
Enhancement of properties of diverse grades of paper by superheated steam drying 1255,
J.M. McCall and W.J.M. Douglas
Modelling of paper drying: a comprehensive computational model used by the industry 1263P. Perrd, Y. Lescanne and Yves Brocard
Papridry system: the future of paper drying? 1271Nicole Poirier, Mohsen Sadeghi and Ivan Pikulik
Installation of papridry system in newsprint and linerboard machines 1279Mohsen Sadeghi and Ivan Pikulik
The wall jet -to surface heat transfer in Impingement drying 1287Nenad Milosavljevic and Pertti Heikkila
The effect of high temperature air drying on evaporation, runnability and coated paperproperties 1295Pertti Heikkila and Pasi Rajala
Comparative techniques for characterizing drying nonuniformity in drying of paper 1303
S.J. Hashemi and W.J. Murray Douglas
Experimental analysis of the effect of local non-uniformity on convective heat and mass
transfer in porous media 1311
Huigang Zuo, Amod Modak, Matthew Ryan and Shri Ramaswamy
Drying curves generalization in conductive/convective drying of cellulose 1319
O. C. Motta Lima, M, Stenzel and N. C. Pereira
Effect of process parameters on paper temperature in condebelt drying 1327
Oleg N. Timofeev, Jari Ilomaki and Janne Kuusela
Section X. Drying of Wood 1335
Fluidization behavior of wood/sand mixtures 1337
Bram J. Ramakers, Ronny de Ridder and Piet J.A.M, Kerkhof
Identification of wood destruction during drying 1345
Stefan J. Kowalski and Anna Smoczkiewicz
Measurement and mathematical modeling of the hydrocarbon emissions from wood drying 1352
Peter Bengtsson and Mehri Sanati
Drying schedule optimisation for producing bright coloured softwood lumber 1360
Murray McCurdy, Shusheng Pang and Roger Keey
xxut
Airflow reversals for kiln drying of softwood lumber: application of a kiln-wide drying model 1369
and a stress model
Shusheng Pang
The influence of some factors on the timber drying process, analyzed by a global simulation
model 1377
Jarl-Gunnar Salin
Drying behavior and permeability of Eucalyptus grandis lumber 1385
Ivaldo P. Jankowsky and Gilson Roberto V. dos Santos
The drying of red oak 1390
Agustfn Perez Ricardez, Juan Rivera Suarcz and Luis Avina Berumen
Section XI. Physical Properties 1395
Models and caeulaiion of fractal dimension based on mercury intrusion towards freeze-dried
materials 1397
Yongzhong Liu, Sanqiang Chen and Changbin Huang
Experimental study of adsorption-desorption isotherms of bitter orange leaves (Citrus
aurantiiim) 1404
L. Ail Mohamed, M. Kouhila, A. Jamali, S.Lahsasni and M. Mahrou/.
Capillary pressure determination from sorption isotherms for mixtures of porous solids 1411
Mirla N. N. Miranda and Maria A. Silva
Experimental determination of single-particle kinetics and equilibria for convective drying,desorption or adsorption by a magnetic suspension balance 1419
Wilold Kwapinski and Evangelos Tsotsas
Study of porosity behavior in convective drying of bananas 1427
Marcel E. Katekawa and Maria A. Silva
Effect of drying method on microstructural changes of apple slices 1435
G. Rcza Askari, Zahra Emam-Djomeh and S. Mohammad Ali Mousavi
Humidity control using mesoporous silica as adsorbents of water vapor 1442
Akira Endo, Takuji Yamamoto, Takao Ohmori and Masaru Nakaiwa
Peanut drying kinetics: determination of the effective diffusivity for in-shcll and shelled
peanuts by applying a short-lime analytical model to measured data 1448
Toma.s R. Palacios. Laura B. Poles, Raul A. Montenegro and Sergio A. Giner
Change of tearing-force during drying of leafy crops 1456
Las/lo F'enyvcsi and Bcnedck Kcrckes
xxiv
Development and testing of a static mechanical test device for measuring glass transition of
amorphous food powders 1461
Pilairuk Boonyai, Bhesh Bhandari and Tony Howes
Structure property relationships in a starch amorphous model 1468
J. M. Aguilera, L. Castro and L. Cadoche
Estimation and analysis of effective grain thermal properties in a fixed bed dryer 1473
Leonardo V. Fregolente, Onelia Aparccida A. Santos and Luiz Mario M. Jorge
Water desorption isotherms of fresh and partially osmotic dehydrated pumpkin at several
temperatures1481
Luis Mayor, Alberto M. Sereno, Ramon Moreira and Francisco Chenlo
Estimation of the moisture diffusion coefficient of potato during hot-air drying 1488
L. Hassini, S. Azzouz and A. Belghith
The shape effect of the fall tunnel on aerodinamic parameters of soy grains 1496
Maria Elita Marlins Duarte, Mario Eduardo Rangel Moreira Cavalcanti Mata, Helen Lira
Henriques Torres and Vivaldo Silveira Junior
Three dielectric models for estimating common bean moisture content 1502
Pedro A. Berbcrt, Alexandre P. Viana, Rafael G. Dionello and Vinicius de 0. Carlesso
Sorptivity and structural characteristics of spray-dried chitosan microparticlcs 1510
Janusz Adamiee and Zofia Modrzcjcwska
Contributor's index
xxv