international energy agency agence internationale de l’energie reducing standby power to 1 watt...
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Reducing Standby Power to
1 Watt (and less)
Alan MeierInternational Energy Agency
[email protected] at KEMCO
29 July 2004
Updated 30 July 2004
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Seminar Plan
What is standby power?How large is standby?The IEA 1 Watt PlanPolicies to cut standbyThe future
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
What is Standby Power?
Power consumed by an appliance when switched “off” or while not performing its primary purpose
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
How Large is Standby?
DeviceHomeCountryWorld
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0 5 10 15 20 25
Portable Stereo
Compact system
Component System
DVD Player
Radio, Clock
Battery Charger
Power Tool
Vacuum Cleaner
Garage Door Opener
Security System
Breadmaker
Microwave Oven
Rice Cooker
Computer
Modem, digital
Printer, Ink/BubbleJet
Cable Box, Analog
Cable Box, Digital
DTV Decoder
Satellite System
Answering Machine
Cordless Phone
DTV
Television
VCR
Range
AUDIO
TELEPHONY
TV-VCR
SET-TOP
OFFICE
KITCHEN
HOME
BATTERY
WHITE GOODS
Standby Power (Watts)
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Standby Power (Watts)Minimum, Average and Maximum
Standby Power of each product is tiny--just a few watts--but most homes have more than 15 products with standby
1 Watt = 9 kWh/year
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Standby: up to 25% of Electricity Use in Some
Homes Location % of domestic
electricityPower
(W)Silicon Valley 5 - 25% 40 - 200
California 9% 67
USA 5 – 7% 60
Australia 11% 80
Japan 10% 50
Europe 3 – 8% 40
Urban China 35
Korea 11% 57
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Measured Standby in 10 California Homes
http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf
Household Standby Power
10%
26%6%
10%
9%8%
9%5%
7%5%
0 50 100 150 200
Home 3
Home 9Home 2
Home 10Home 1
Home 6Home 8
Home 5Home 4
Home 7
Standby Load (W)
% of annual electricity use
2001 USA refrigerator
standard
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
How Large is Standby?http://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf
5 – 10% of residential electricity in most countries
Unknown % in commercial buildings
~1% of global CO2 emissions
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
The IEA 1-Watt Plan (1998)
Reduce standby in all products to < 1 Watt by 201050% by 2005
Each country will select its own policiesLabelsStandardsGovernment procurement
Countries will collaborate and agree on:Definition & test procedureschedule
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Progress ReportCountries with a 1-Watt Plan
Australia United StatesKoreaJapan (sort of)
Countries with special policy for standbyChinaEurope (sort of)
Good summary athttp://www.powerint.com/greenroom/index.htm
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Special Aspects of Standby
External power supply agreementChina, Energy Star, Australia, CaliforniaStandby < 0.5WOn-mode : > 0.09 * Ln (Pno) + 0.5
http://www.efficientpowersupplies.org/
IEA agreement on simple set-top boxes (decoders)8 W active1 W standbyRemote control shifts from active standbyhttp://www.iea.org/Textbase/work/workshopdetail.asp?id=103
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
IEC Definition and Test Procedure will be formally adopted in late 2004
http://www.energyefficient.com.au/standby/IECTC59.html
Definition: “The lowest power consumption mode which cannot be switched off by the user ….
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Korea Discussion Topics
What appliances should be covered? Meier: “all products plugged into standard outlets”
Which policy is better: Mandatory or voluntary? Meier: “mandatory, because all manufacturers will have the
same costs; this is fairer to manufacturers”
Should Korea adopt IEC Definition and Test procedure? Meier: “yes, copy Australia approach”In September 2003 Standards Australia published an interim test method for the measurement of standby power
AS/NZS 62301-2003 (int.) and this is now available for purchase. This standard will be referenced by test methods or regulatory standards where standby requirements are specified. This is based on the IEC CDV of the standard of the same number.
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
U S A
Executive Order
http://oahu.lbl.gov/Energy Star
http://energystar.gov/California and other stateshttp://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/documents/index.html
http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/index.html
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
3 Years Ago President Bush Saw This Display
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July 2001Executive Order
on Standby Power
“…Each agency… shall purchase products that use no more than one watt in their standby power consuming mode… where cost effective…”
2 months laterhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/07/20010731-10.html
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http://oahu.lbl.gov
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Product Standby
(W)
TV 1
VCR 2
DVD 1
TV/VCR/DVD Combinations 3
Audio Product 1
Desktop Computer 2
Integrated Computer 5
Workstation 2
Laptop Computer 1
Computer Monitor 1
Printer 1
Fax 2
Copier 1
Multifunction Device 1
Docking Station 2
Scanner 1
Microwave Oven 2
Room Air Conditioner -
Current Executive Order Standby Levels (July 2004)
See: http://oahu.lbl.gov
Thank you Korea!
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Energy Star & Standbywww.energystar.gov
Focus of today’s specifications:Office equipment: sleep modeConsumer electronics: standby
Generally weaker than Executive Order
FutureAll modes for office equipment &
consumer electronics & external power supplies
Set-top boxes: 1 W on standby
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Californiahttp://www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/
California Energy Commission has authority to make standardsOther states often copy California
Proposed standards for external power supplies (same as
Energy Star)simple decoder set-top boxes
(8W/1W)
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Japan
Meeting Kyoto obligations is major reason for Japanese activity METI gave grants to industry to study problem Demonstration VCRs, microwave ovens, ACs
2001: The 3 major appliance manufacturers associations promise to reach 1-Watt on all major appliances by 2004
Standby is not included in TopRunner standards
http://www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/index.html
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Australia
First country to adopt a policy on standby
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/standby.htmlCoordinated through Australian Greenhouse
OfficeActions so far
Set goal of 1-Watt on all appliancesLeads IEC tech. committee on test procedureSupported external power supply spec.
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
China
Recent study found high standbyHigh growth rates expected
Voluntary standby levels for TVsChina is collaborating on
specifications for external power suppliesSet-top boxes
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
Europehttp://energyefficiency.jrc.cec.eu.int/html/standby_initiative.htm
Voluntary “Codes of Conduct” Power supplies (0.3 - .75 W depending
on rating)Set top boxesTVs, VCRs??
Mandatory standards soon?“Ecodesign Directive”
Early target will be standby
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
The Future of Standbyhttp://standby.lbl.gov/CEC_Workshop/Docs/Standby_Measurements.pdf
We still don’t know if standby energy use is growing or shrinkingSome appliances are more
efficient but now there are more appliances with standby!
A “networked home” will be a high standby home if no measures are taken
We need to monitor homes & offices
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
The Future of Standby (2)
We need to change test procedures to include standby for large appliances (dishwashers, AC, etc. )
Standby --> LOw POwer MOde energy useNeed to consider energy implications of
all low power modes (lopomos)
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE
EndThank You!
http://standby.lbl.gov