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INTERNATIONAL FACTS AND FIGURES 2019

1

WELCOME 2

HIGHLIGHTS 3

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 4Where do international students study? How many international students choose the UK? Where do international students come from? What do international students study? What is the economic impact of international students in the UK?

INTERNATIONAL STAFF 10Where do international staff come from? Where in the UK are international staff based? What do international academic staff do?

OUTWARD MOBILITY 15How many UK students go abroad? Where do mobile students go? What kind of mobility experience do UK students have? How do students benefit from a period abroad?

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION 20Overview of UK TNE Where are UK TNE students based?

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH 23What is the quality and impact of UK research? How does the UK publication rate compare internationally? Which countries are the UK’s top collaborative partners? Which are the top subject areas for international collaboration? Which countries are the UK’s top partners under Horizon 2020? What are the sources of UK research funding?

REGIONAL PROFILES 31Africa Asia Australasia Europe Middle East North America South America

NOTES ON DATA 46

GLOSSARY 46

REFERENCE LIST 48

CONTENTS

2

WELCOMEUK higher education is a global success story. Our universities are world-renowned for their quality, diversity and impact and internationalisation is central to this success. International staff and students make a vital contribution to the UK’s academic community, while global partnerships in research and teaching enhance our influence and impact.

International Facts and Figures 2019 presents a snapshot of the international dimensions of UK higher education, including:

• The number of international students choosing to study in the UK, where they come from, at what level and which subjects they study;

• The international academic and non-academic staff living and working in the UK, where they come from, and what they do;

• The UK sector’s provision for outward student mobility;

• The UK’s transnational education offer (TNE) across the world;

• International research collaborations and funding;

• Levels of engagement and collaboration by region.

The UK Government has recognised the importance of internationalisation in the International Education Strategy and the International Research and Innovation Strategy, which is an encouraging sign, and necessary particularly in the context of challenges posed by Brexit. It is now more important than ever for the sector to do what it does best – be open to the world, and innovative in internationalisation.

It is now necessary, more than ever, for sector to do what it does best – be open to the world, and innovative in internationalisation.

VIVIENNE STERN Director Universities UK International July 2019

3

HIGHLIGHTSInternational students make up...

19.6% of the total student

population.

14% of all undergraduates.

35.8% of all postgraduates.

International research collaborations

55.2%of all UK publications are the

product of international research collaborations.

Transnational education

693,695students are studying for

a UK degree overseas.

International staff

20%of all staff at UK universities

are international.

Outward student mobility

7.8%.of undergraduate students

study work or volunteer overseas as part of their degree.

4

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSThe UK remains an extremely popular destination for international students (EU and non-EU) with only the US attracting larger numbers. In 2017–18, there were 458,490 international students studying at UK higher education institutions, accounting for 19.6% of the total student population in the UK. 14% of all undergraduates and 35.8% of all postgraduates were international.

UUKi research shows that 90% of international graduates were satisfied with the learning experience at their university, 80% were satisfied or very satisfied with support provided during their time in the UK and 82% think that their UK degree was worth the financial investment.

In 2017–18,

458,490 international students accounted for

19.6% of the total student population in the UK.

4

Data source: HESA student record [2017-18], UUKi (2019)

FIGURE 1: TOP 10 HOST COUNTRIES FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2016 AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE SINCE 2015

5

WHERE DO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS STUDY?OECD data shows that the UK was the second most popular destination in the world for international students in 2016. However, the UK’s growth rate has been consistently low, dropping from 0.5% in 2015 to only 0.3% in 2016.

United States 971,417 (907,251) 7.1%

Germany244,575 (228,756) 6.9%

United Kingdom432,001 (430,833) 0.3%

Canada189,478 (171,603) 10.4%

Australia335,512 (294,438) 13.9%

Japan143,457 (131,980) 8.7%

Russia249,877 (226,431) 10.4%

China137,527 (123,127) 11.7%

France245,349 (239,409) 2.5%

Italy92,655 (89,964) 3.0%

1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10

This contrasts starkly with the UK’s competitors. For example, the numbers of international students choosing Australia, Canada, the US and Germany grew by 13.9%, 10.4%, 7.1% and 6.9% respectively from 2015 to 2016.

Data Source: OECD (2018)Note: The total number of UK students recorded by the OECD differs from the total recorded by HESA, and used elsewhere in this report.

UNITED STATES 19.4%

UNITE

D KI

NGDO

M 8

.6%

AUSTRALIA

6.7%

RUSSIA 5.0%

FRANCE 4.9%GERMANY

4.9%

CANADA

3.8%

JAPAN

2.9%

CHINA

2.8%

ITALY 1.8%

OTHER 25.9%

6

FIGURE 2: TOTAL NUMBER OF EU STUDENTS BY LEVEL OF STUDY, 2008–09 TO 2017–18

NUM

BER

OF S

TUDE

NTS

350k

300k

25Ok

200k

150k

100k

50k

02008 –09

2009 –10

2010 –11

2011 –12

2012 –13

2013 –14

2014 –15

2015 –16

2016 –17

2017 –18

Data source: HESA student record [2008-09 to 2017-18]

HOW MANY INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS CHOOSE THE UK?

139,145134,835127,440124,590125,315125,515

132,750130,055125,280117,850

In 2017–18, 139,145 EU students studied at UK higher education institutions. Of these, 67.6% were undergraduates, 21.9% were taught postgraduates and 10.5% were research postgraduates. Of the 319,340 non-EU international students, 50.6% studied towards an undergraduate degree, 39.4% were taught postgraduates and 9.9% were research postgraduates.

UNDERGRADUATE POSTGRADUATE (TAUGHT) POSTGRADUATE (RESEARCH)

FIGURE 3: NUMBER OF NON-EU STUDENTS BY LEVEL OF STUDY, 2008–09 TO 2017–18

NUM

BER

OF S

TUDE

NTS

350k

300k

25Ok

200k

150k

100k

50k

02008 –09

2009 –10

2010 –11

2011 –12

2012 –13

2013 –14

2014 –15

2015 –16

2016 –17

2017 –18

319,340307,540310,570312,010309,920

299,305301,780297,300

279,720

249,185

UNDERGRADUATE POSTGRADUATE (TAUGHT) POSTGRADUATE (RESEARCH)

7

WHERE DO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS COME FROM?

Spain 9,630

9.2%Italy

13,985 3.9%

Germany 13,545

1.4%

Nigeria 10,540

16.8%

Saudi Arabia 7,950 16.8%

Malaysia 14,970

8.6%

Hong Kong 16,350

2.0%

Singapore 7,020

3.8%

Thailand 6,270 1.5% India

19,750 19.3%

Poland 7,540 14.5% Romania

8,665 6.7%

Bulgaria 6,040 4.0%

Greece 10,135

0.9%

Cyprus (EU) 9,160

2.3%

France 13,660

0.7%

Canada 6,180

4.5%

United States 18,885

7.4%

China106,530

12.0%

Ireland 9,600

4.7%

In 2017-18, the top five sending countries for international students were China, India, the US, Hong Kong and Malaysia. Chinese students at UK higher education institutions made up 23.2% of all international students. The top sending countries within the EU were Italy, France and Germany.

FIGURE 4: TOP 20 DOMICILES OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UK 2017–18 AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE SINCE 2016–17

Data source: HESA student record [2016-17, 2017-18]

7

19

31

12

116

08

9

15

13

5

42

17

1816

14

20

10

8

FIGURE 5: INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS BY SUBJECT AREA AND LEVEL OF STUDY, 2017–18

Business and administrative studies %Engineering and technology

Social studies

Creative arts and design

Biological sciences

Law

Subjects allied to medicine

Languages

Computer science

Physical sciences

Architecture, building and planning

Mass communications and documentation

Medicine and dentistry

Education

Historical and philosophical studies

Mathematical sciences

Combined

Agriculture and related subjects

Veterinary science

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

WHAT DO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS STUDY?

UNDERGRADUATE POSTGRADUATE

52,63542,785

32,45526,995

23,18521,720

19,28022,100

16,17013,15512,500

10,74010,850

10,2809,970

2,9552,310

126,955

1,455

161,620

In 2017–18, international student numbers were highest in business and administrative studies, engineering and technology and social studies. International students accounted for 37.1% of business and administrative studies students and 31.9% of engineering and technology students.

Data source: HESA student record [2017–18]

9

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

WHAT IS THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UK?Welcoming new international students every year has economic benefits across the UK. The net economic impact of the 2015-16 cohort of international students over the course of their studies is expected to be around £20.3bn.

FIGURE 6: ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS, 2015–16 COHORT

North East

£0.98bn

Yorkshire & Humber £1.59bn

East Midlands £1.28bnEast of England £1.34bn

London £4.64bn

South East £2.44bn

Data source: HEPI (2018)

Scotland £1.94bn Northern Ireland

£0.17bnNorth West £1.91bnWales £0.90bnWest Midlands £1.95bnSouth West £1.21bn

INTERNATIONAL STAFFIn 2017–18, 87,615 international staff worked at UK higher education institutions, ie, one in five staff were international. Almost 60% of international staff came from the EU.

The international nature of academic faculty is integral to the success of teaching and research in the UK. Around three quarters of the international staff were academics with 42% of these holding both research and teaching contracts.

In 2017–18,

87,615 international staff worked at UK HEIs

an increase of

25.3%since 2013–14.

Data source: HESA staff record [2013-14, 2017-18]

10

11

WHERE DO INTERNATIONAL STAFF COME FROM?

FIGURE 7: EU AND NON-EU STAFF BY EMPLOYMENT MARKER, 2017–18

NUM

BER

OF S

TAFF

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0ACADEMIC NON ACADEMIC

In 2017–18,

59.1%of international staff were EU nationals.

27,625

37,255

145,560193,820

210,440 216,555

NON-EU EU UK

In 2017–18, the top five countries of nationality for international staff at UK higher education institutions were Italy, Germany, Ireland, the US and China. 59.1% of international staff were EU nationals. In the last five years, the number of Italian staff has increased by over 50% and surpassed Germany and Ireland.

Data source: HESA staff record [2013-14, 2017–18]

8,22014,515

12

FIGURE 8: TOP 20 NATIONALITIES OF INTERNATIONAL STAFF 2017–18 AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE SINCE 2013–14

Data source: HESA staff record [2013-14, 2017–18]

Italy 7,755 50.6%

France 4,135

19.2%

Portugal 1,880 52.8%

Greece 4,530 35.2%

India 3,410 16.2%

Iran 1,085 49.7%

Nigeria 1,110 20.0%

Australia 1,970 14.9%

Germany 6,835 14.1%

Poland 3,825

34.7%

China 5,115

32.3%

Netherlands 2,220 22.7%

Spain 4,560 43.6%

United States 5,435 11.8%

Canada 1,980 12.5%

Russia 875

9.4%

Ireland 6,820 12.4%

1

8

14

7

10

17

16

13

29

5

11

6

4

12

18

3

Romania 1,200

58.9%

Hungary 825 47.3%

15

19

Sweden 810

18.2%

20

13

WHERE IN THE UK ARE INTERNATIONAL STAFF BASED?In 2017–18, the number of international staff at Scottish higher education institutions had grown by 43.5% and by 24.4% in England since 2013-14.

FIGURE 9: INTERNATIONAL STAFF BY COUNTRY OF UK HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION 2017–18 AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE SINCE 2013–14

England 72,205

24.4%

Scotland 10,775

43.5% Northern Ireland 2,085

3.2%

Data source: HESA staff record [2013-14, 2017-18]

Wales 2,550

9.0%

14

WHAT DO INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC STAFF DO?

FIGURE 10: INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC STAFF BY HESA COST CENTRE, 2017–18

NUM

BER

OF S

TAFF

55,000

50,000

45,000

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0MEDICINE, DENTISTRY & HEALTH

BIOLOGICAL, MATHEMATICAL

& PHYSICAL SCIENCES

SOCIAL STUDIES ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

HUMANITIES & LANGUAGE

BASED STUDIES & ARCHAEOLOGY

DESIGN, CREATIVE &

PERFORMING ARTS

ADMINISTRATIVE & BUSINESS

STUDIES

EDUCATION ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & VETERINARY

SCIENCE

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION

& SERVICES, STAFF & STUDENT

FACILITIES

ACADEMIC SERVICES

15.9%

23.7%

60.4%

32,650

24.0%

20.4%

55.5%

25,805

9.2%

15.7%

75.1%

50,860

13.3%

19.2%

67.5%

26,875

NON EU EU UK

1,135

84.8%9.5%5.7%

64.4%

16,550

18.4%17.3%

2,585

71.5%19.2%9.3%

1,445

86.8%7.9%5.3%

4,205

70.9%16.7%12.3%

87.8%

12,920

84.0%

17,46017,905

22.8%13.3%

63.9%

Data source: HESA staff record [2017–18]

In 2017–18, three quarters of all international staff were academic staff. Of these, 57.4% were EU nationals. Subject areas with the highest proportions of international academic staff were biological, mathematical and physical sciences (39.6%) and engineering and technology (44.4%).

9.9%6.1% 7.7%

4.4%

15

OUTWARD MOBILITY7.8% of UK undergraduate students work, study or volunteer overseas as part of their degree. One third of mobile students study languages, and 30.8% study medicine and dentistry. 9.5% of students from more advantaged backgrounds were mobile, as compared to only 5.6% from less advantaged backgrounds.

The UUKi Go International: Stand Out campaign aims to double the percentage of students who study, work or volunteer abroad to 13% by 2020. So far, over 90 partner institutions have pledged to take action towards delivering on this target.

7.8%of UK undergraduate students study, work or volunteer overseas during their degree

Data source: HESA DLHE survey [2016–17], HESA student record [2017–18]Note: All the data in this section relates to UK-domiciled, full-time, first degree undergraduate students who graduated in 2016-17 and responded to the DLHE survey, which had a response rate of 80% that year.

15

16

HOW MANY UK STUDENTS GO ABROAD?The largest proportion of mobile undergraduate students are enrolled at UK HEIs in Northern Ireland and Scotland: with 13.2% of students going abroad, Northern Ireland has already reached the Go International campaign target, and Scotland with 11.6% mobile students is very close. England has the smallest proportion of mobile students (7.2%).

This data is based on responses to the HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) survey.

SCOTLAND Mobile Total UG students UG respondents

2,245 19,315

WALES Mobile Total UG students UG respondents

1,305 13,430

NORTHERN IRELAND Mobile Total UG students UG respondents

860 6,550

ENGLAND Mobile Total UG students UG respondents

14,100 196,705

11.6%mobility

13.2%mobility

9.7%mobility

7.2%mobility

FIGURE 11: MOBILE UNDERGRADUATE (UG) STUDENTS BY COUNTRY, 2016–17 GRADUATES

Data source: HESA DLHE survey [2016–17], HESA student record [2017–18]

17

WHERE DO MOBILE STUDENTS GO?

Data source: HESA DLHE survey [2016–17], HESA student record [2017–18] Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period

Canada 885

(3.9%)

United States 2,630

(11.5%) Italy830

(3.6%) China585

(2.6%)

Australia1,235 (5.4%)

Netherlands 765 (3.4%)

Germany 1,670 (7.3%)

Japan 325

(1.4%)

6

37

9

5

84

10

The top three destinations for mobile students who graduated in 2016–17 were France, Spain, and the US – together these countries received 36% of all mobile students from the UK.

FIGURE 12: TOP 10 DESTINATIONS AND SHARE OF MOBILE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS, 2016–17 GRADUATES

Spain 2,695

(11.8%)

France 2,695

(12.6%)

2

1

18

FIGURE 15: MOBILITY BY DURATIONFIGURE 14: MOBILITY BY TYPE

WHAT KIND OF MOBILITY EXPERIENCE DO UK STUDENTS HAVE?

FIGURE 13: MOBILITY BY SCHEME (2015–16 ONLY)

Study abroad

75.0% Medium term (5–13 weeks)

15.2%

Data source: HESA DLHE survey [2016–17], HESA student record [2017–18] Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period.

The majority of mobility (71.1%) takes place in the penultimate year of studies, in particular longer-term mobility and compulsory mobility. During students’ second year (2015−16), Erasmus+ accounted for almost half (49.2%) of all mobilities. Overall, 75% of mobile students in the 2016–17 cohort studied abroad and 3.6% volunteered. Most mobility periods were long-term - more than 14 weeks duration (63.7%).

Sandwich placement

5.6%

Work abroad

21.5% Long term (14 weeks+)

63.7%

Short term (1–4 weeks)

21.0% Provider led

40.7%

Other schemes

4.5% Volunteering

3.6%

Erasmus+

49.2%

19

FIGURE 16: UNEMPLOYMENT RATE OF GRADUATES

MOBILE NON–MOBILE

HOW DO STUDENTS BENEFIT FROM A PERIOD ABROAD?

FIGURE 17: AVERAGE SALARIES OF GRADUATES IN FULL-TIME, PAID EMPLOYMENT

OVERALL MOBILE SALARY

All locations (EU, non-EU and UK)

£23,482 OVERALL NON–MOBILE SALARY

All locations (EU, non-EU and UK)

£22,256

Data source: HESA DLHE survey [2016–17], HESA student record [2017–18] *2016–17 graduates, within six months of graduation

Research indicates that students benefit academically and professionally from a period abroad as part of their degree. Undergraduate students* who went abroad during their studies were more likely to find a graduate job, and had higher starting salaries than their non-mobile counterparts.

Unemployed

3.1%Unemployed

4.2%

20

In 2017–18,

139universities delivered some form of TNE to

693,695students in

225countries and territories around the world.

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATIONIn 2017–18, 139 UK universities delivered some form of Transnational Education (TNE) to 693,695 students in 225 countries and territories worldwide. The UK is a world leader in this field and there are 1.5 times as many students studying for a UK degree overseas than there are international students studying in the UK.

Globally, the most frequent type of TNE was collaborative provision.

Data source: HESA aggregate offshore record [2016–17, 2017-18]* Note: Together, the Open University, University of London, and Oxford Brookes University account for 52% of all UK TNE student numbers.

20

21

FIGURE 19: UK TNE STUDENT NUMBERS BY TYPE OF PROVISION, 2017–18*

Data source: HESA aggregate offshore record [2016–17, 2017–18] Data source: HESA aggregate offshore record [2016–17, 2017–18] *excluding the three main providers

OVERVIEW OF UK TNE PROVISION

FIGURE 18: TOTAL UK TNE NUMBERS, 2017–18

STUD

ENT N

UMBE

RS

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0

2016–17 2017–18

581,170UG 565,865

UG

212,585UG

215,605UG

120,780PGT 121,255

PGT

107,520PGT

110,230 PGT

5,965PGR 6,575

PGR

5,665 PGR

6,290PGR

STUDENT NUMBERSSTUDENT NUMBERS EXCLUDING THE THREE MAIN PROVIDERS

UG UNDERGRADUATE PGT POSTGRADUATE (TAUGHT) PGR POSTGRADUATE (RESEARCH)

In 2017–18, the total number of UK TNE students dropped by 2% compared to 2016–17. However, TNE student numbers excluding the three main providers increased by almost 2%, demonstrating a growing diversity in UK TNE provision.

2.0%

2.0%

Other arrangement

6,845 (2.1%) Overseas campus

of reporting HEP

28,355 (8.5%)

Distance, flexible or distributed learning

68,665 (20.7%)

Overseas partner organisation

81,285 (24.5%)

Other arrangement including collaborative provision

146,975(44.3%)

22

WHERE ARE UK TNE STUDENTS BASED?

FIGURE 20: TOP 20 UK TNE HOST COUNTRIES 2017–18 AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE SINCE 2016–17*

The top five host countries for UK TNE are Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Hong Kong. The numbers of TNE students in China and Sri Lanka have increased by 15.8%, while there has been a small decrease in the other three countries. The top host country for TNE in Europe is Greece, ranking ninth globally.

Ghana 3,330

2.5%

Oman 18,195

1.8%

UAE 13,110

5.7%

Germany 5,220

16.6%

Switzerland 5,210

7.6%

Ireland 4,055

3.6%


Greece 13,065

7.1% Cyprus (EU) 7,260

57.7%

Nigeria 4,615

19.4%

Egypt 18,580 16.8%

Trinidad & Tobago 4,235

18.9%

India 7,485 8.2%

Sri Lanka 22,350

15.8%

Uzbekistan 5,625

11.2%

South Africa 3,725

9.4%

20

78

13

14

18

16

9

11

15

6

1710

3

12

19

Malaysia 46,490

1.9%

Hong Kong 18,730

5.6% Singapore

20,875 3.3%

1

5

4

China36,940

15.8%

2

Data source: HESA aggregate offshore record [2016-17, 2017-18] *excluding the three main providers

In 2017–18, the UK was the

3rdlargest producer of research publications after the US and China.

55.2%of all UK publications were the product of international research collaborations.

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHThe UK punches above its weight as a research nation: with only 0.9% of the world’s population, it produced 15.2% of the world’s most highly cited articles in 2015.

UK higher education institutions’ global partnerships and collaborations make a vital contribution to the excellence and impact of its research base.

The share of internationally co-authored publications in the UK reached 55.2% in 2018, and the proportion of UK research funding from overseas sources has also increased. In 2017–18, 23% of total UK research funding came from international and/or EU sources.

Data source: SciVal, accessed April 2019, BEIS (2016), HESA finance record [2017-18]

23

24

WHAT IS THE QUALITY AND IMPACT OF UK RESEARCH?

Global population

0.9%R&D

expenditure2.7%

Researchers4.1% Downloads

9.9% World’s most highly-cited articles

15.2%

Research articles6.3%

Global citations10.7%

FIGURE 21: THE UK’S GLOBAL SHARE FOR KEY INDICATORS

The UK punches above its weight as a research nation: with only 0.9% of the world’s global population, it produced 15.2% of the world’s most highly cited articles in 2015.

Data source: BEIS (2016)

25

HOW DOES THE UK PUBLICATION RATE COMPARE INTERNATIONALLY?

FIGURE 22: TOP 10 COUNTRIES BY PUBLICATION OUTPUT, 2017 TO 2018

United States % 0.8%

China 10.0%

United Kingdom 1.8%

Germany 0.1%

India 9.0%

Japan 0.3%

France 2.4%

Italy 1.0%

Canada 3.9%

Australia 5.6%

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000

2017 2018

682,445

588,973

212,263

178,696

167,052

130,904

119,519

118,780

111,668

107,031

Data source: SciVal, accessed April 2019

In 2018, the top three countries by research output were the US, China and the UK. Since 2017, China’s research output has grown by almost 10%. France is the only country in the top 10 whose publication output has decreased (-2.37%) since 2017.

677,318

535,457

208,494

178,488

153,276

130,510

122,421

117,623

107,504

101,348

26

In the last ten years, the proportion of internationally co-authored publications has significantly increased in the UK: compared to 39% in 2009, in 2018 55.2% of UK research outputs were internationally co-authored.

FIGURE 23: PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONALLY CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS, 2009 TO 2018

France 3W1% 12.5%

Australia 16.5%

United Kingdom 16.2%

Canada 12.2%

Germany 9.5%

Italy 11.4%

United States 10.7%

Japan 8.1%

China 9.8%

India 0.6%

0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

2009 2018

56.7%

55.9%

55.2%

53.3%

51.1%

48.1%

35.9%

29.8%

23.8%

17.7%

44.2%

39.4%

39.0%

41.1%

41.6%

36.7%

25.2%

21.7%

14.0%

17.1%


27

WHICH COUNTRIES ARE THE UK’S TOP COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS?FIGURE 24: TOP 20 UK RESEARCH PARTNERS 2018 AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE SINCE 2013

The UK’s most frequent collaborative research partners are the US, Germany and China. Research collaborations with China have increased by 115.6% since 2013. The UK is also a popular partner. It ranks second for the majority of its partners, first for Greece and Ireland, third for Canada, Switzerland and Austria and fourth for Japan.

Data source: SciVal, accessed May 2019

United States 33,893

32.2%

Canada 8,881 39.6%

Brazil4,087

85.5%

India3,571 60.9%

Japan4,516 34.7%

China15,623 115.6%

Australia12,633

50.9%

1

9

15

17

14

3

5Spain 9,794 37.2%

France 12,515 32.2%

Italy 12,847

49.4%

Greece 3,199

29.7%

Austria 3,399

46.0%

Denmark 4,716

57.4%

6

4 208

19

13

Netherlands 10,313

37.1% 7 Germany

17,533 35.1%

2

Switzerland 7,625 48.5%

10

Ireland 3,695 42.0%

16

Belgium 10,313

37.1%

12

28

WHICH ARE THE TOP SUBJECT AREAS FOR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION?

FIGURE 25: TOP 10 SUBJECT AREAS BY SHARE 2009 AND 2018 AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE SINCE 2009

Earth and planetary sciences 22.9%

Multidisciplinary 21.6%

Agricultural and biological sciences 22.1%

Physics and astronomy 21.5%

Immunology and microbiology 18.7%

Materials science 37.4%

Environmental science 42.6%

Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology 33.5%

Chemistry 37.6%

Neuroscience 28.7%

74.7%

73.8%

71.3%

71.1%

69.9%

68.0%

67.3%

67.3%

67.0%

64.6%

60.8%

60.7%

58.4%

58.5 %

58.9%

49.5%

47.2%

50.4%

48.7%

50.2%

0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

SHARE OF INTERNATIONALLY CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS IN 2009 (%) SHARE OF INTERNATIONALLY CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS IN 2018 (%)

In 2018, earth and planetary sciences produced the largest share of internationally co-authored publications (74.7%), while the subject area with the smallest share of internationally co-authored publications was arts and humanities (22.2%). In the last ten years, international research collaborations in nursing, the health professions, the social sciences and medicine has increased by between 60% to 100%.


29

0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

WHICH COUNTRIES ARE THE UK’S TOP PARTNERS UNDER HORIZON 2020?Horizon 2020, the EU’s flagship €80 billion research and innovation programme, has helped cement the UK’s strong ties with European research partners. The UK’s most frequent partners under Horizon 2020 are Germany, France and Spain – accounting for 14.8%, 11.6% and 11.3% of collaborative links respectively.

FIGURE 26: UK COLLABORATIVE LINKS UNDER HORIZON 2020

Data source: Vinnova, accessed April 2019

Germany

18,104(14.8%)

France

14,145(11.6%)

Spain

13,752(11.3%)

Italy

13,106(10.7%)

Netherlands 9,036

(7.4%)

Belgium

6,141(7.4%)

Sweden

4,461(3.7%)

Switzerland

4,279(3.7%)

Greece

3,984(3.2%)

Austria

3,200(2.6%) Others

32,000(26.0%)

30

FIGURE 27: TOTAL RESEARCH FUNDING BY SOURCE, 2017–18 FIGURE 28: INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH FUNDING BY SOURCE (EU AND NON-EU), 2017–18

WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF UK RESEARCH FUNDING?

EU £924.4m (14.9%)

Non-EU £530.7m

(8.5%)

UK £4,769.6m (76.6%)

In 2017–18, 23.4% of UK research funding came from international sources. EU funding, which makes up more than half of the UK’s international funding, has increased by 5.4% since 2016–17.

Data source: HESA finance record [2017-18] Data source: HESA finance record [2017-18]

EU Government £766.3m

(52.7%)

Non–EU other

£199.6m (13.7%)

Non–EU industry

£188.6m (13.7%)

Non–EU charities

£142.5m (9.8%)

EU other

£43.03m (3.0%)

EU industry

£105.0m (7.2%)

EU charities

£10.1m (0.7%)

REGIONAL PROFILES UK higher education institutions have partnerships with countries across the globe. While some parts of the world have well-established relationships with the UK, others have developed and grown more recently. This section provides a snapshot of current levels of engagement by world region, including data on international students, international staff, TNE, outward mobility and research collaborations.

Data sources: HESA student record [2016-17, 2017-18], HESA staff record [2016-17, 2017-18], HESA aggregate offshore record [2016-17, 2017-18], SciVal, accessed April 2019.Note: In this section, student mobility data is in-year data, which includes all students across all years enrolled in UK universities in the academic year 2017-18.Note: Analysis relating to Europe includes countries which fall under the following HESA categories: Other European Union; Other EEA countries; Other Europe.

31

32

INTERNATIONAL STAFFTotal number of international staff from Africa in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 30: TOP FIVE AFRICAN STAFF NATIONALITIES IN THE UK, 2017–18

Nigeria 3.3%

South Africa 8.7%

Ghana 5.6%

Egypt 1.1%

Zimbabwe 1.9%

3,975 4.7% since 2016–17

1,100

500

375

350

265

0 300 600 900 1,200

AFRICAThe growing significance of African research partners is reflected in a substantial increase in the number of co-authored publications from the region. Total UK publications with a Nigerian co-author more than doubled over the period 2015-2018 and there were notable increases in publications with co-authors from Uganda and Egypt, too. Although Nigeria continues to represent the most significant sender of students to the UK, numbers have continued to decline, reflecting the reduced number of government scholarships available and a fall in the value of the Naira. UK TNE student numbers in Africa have seen decreases but smaller markets continue to grow, including South Africa, Ghana and Mauritius.

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSTotal number of international students from Africa in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 29: TOP FIVE AFRICAN STUDENT DOMICILES IN THE UK, 2017–18

1 2 3 4 5

Nigeria 10,540 16.8%

Egypt 2,570 11.3%

Kenya 2,195 1.6%

South Africa 1,495 5.7%

Ghana 1,475 3.6%

27,815 7.3% since 2016–17

33

OUTWARD MOBILITYTotal instances of mobility to Africa, 2017–18:

FIGURE 31: TOP FIVE AFRICAN DESTINATIONS FOR MOBILE UK STUDENTS, BY MOBILITY INSTANCES, 2017–18

CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONSTotal UK publications with an African co-author, between 2015-2018:

FIGURE 33: TOP FIVE TOTAL PUBLICATIONS WITH AN AFRICAN CO-AUTHOR BY COUNTRY

% CHANGE 2015–2018

South Africa 9,939 23.0%

Egypt 3,531 31.8%

Kenya 2,350 21.8%

Nigeria 2,283 55.1%

Uganda 1,449 31.9%

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION*Total number of students on UK HE TNE in Africa, 2017–18:

FIGURE 32: TOP FIVE UK HE TNE HOST COUNTRIES IN AFRICA, 2017–18 Main type of TNE provision: Other arrangements including collaborative provisions

Egypt 5.3%

Nigeria 19.4%

South Africa 9.4%

Ghana 2.5%

Mauritius 7.4%

2,395 15.7% since 2016–17

43,365 5.5% since 2016–17

25,661

18,580

4,615

3,725

3,330

2,475

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000*excluding the three main providers

1

4

5

2

3

South Africa 560

3.7%

Morocco 170 27.7%

Kenya 160

10.3%

Tanzania 245

1.7%

Uganda 240 26.3%

34

ASIAAsia is a particularly important region for student recruitment. For the past two years, one-third of all non-EU students have come from China. After years of decline, the number of Indian students increased by 19% between 2016-17 and 2017-18, reaching the same level as in 2013-14.

Asia is the third most popular destination for mobile UK students, and Asia is the largest market for UK TNE. Research collaboration in the region continues to grow, with the number of co-authored publications with China growing by over 35% in the period 2015 to 2017.

INTERNATIONAL STAFFTotal number of international staff from Asia in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 35: TOP FIVE ASIAN STAFF IN THE UK 2017–18

China 10.7%

India 6.1%

Japan 3.2%

Malaysia 1.3%

Pakistan 8.8%

5,115

3,410

805

790

740

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

13,665 5.8% since 2016–17

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSTotal number of international students from Asia in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 34: TOP FIVE ASIAN STUDENT DOMICILES IN THE UK, 2017–18

1 2 3 4 5

China 106,530 12.0%

India 19,750 19.3%

Hong Kong 16,350 2.0%

Malaysia 14,970 8.6%

Singapore 7,020 3.8%

204,400 6.2% since 2016–17

35

OUTWARD MOBILITYTotal instances of mobility to Asia, 2017–18:

FIGURE 36: TOP FIVE ASIAN DESTINATIONS FOR MOBILE UK STUDENTS, BY MOBILITY INSTANCES, 2017–18

CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONSTotal UK publications with an Asian co-author, between 2015-2018:

FIGURE 38: TOP FIVE TOTAL PUBLICATIONS WITH AN ASIAN CO-AUTHOR BY COUNTRY

% CHANGE 2015–2018

China 48,222 35.8%

Japan 16,411 11.1%

India 12,068 23.4%

South Korea 7,308 26.5%

Singapore 7,092 27.9%

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION*Total number of students on UK HE TNE in Asia, 2017–18:

FIGURE 37: TOP FIVE UK HE TNE HOST COUNTRIES IN ASIA, 2017–18Main type of TNE provision: Other arrangements including collaborative provisions

Malaysia 1.9%

China 15.8%

Sri Lanka 15.8%

Singapore 3.3%

Hong Kong 5.6%

46,490

36,940

22,350

20,875

18,730

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

8,680 24.2% since 2016–17

173,580 2.8% since 2016–17

88,184 *excluding the three main providers

5

2

3

1

4

Singapore 650

41.3%

Malaysia 990

35.6%

Hong Kong 955

33.6%

China 2,000

16.9%

Japan 930

27.4%

36

AUSTRALASIAThe number of students from Australia and New Zealand coming to the UK, as well as the number of students studying for a UK TNE qualification have marginally decreased. However, research collaborations have increased by around 12% and 16% over the period 2015 to 2017. UK outward student mobility to Australasia increased by 6.2% overall.

INTERNATIONAL STAFFTotal number of international staff from Australasia in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 40: TOP FIVE AUSTRALASIAN STAFF NATIONALITIES IN THE UK, 2017–18

Australia 2.9%

New Zealand 2.1%

Fiji

Guam

1,970

695

5

5

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

2,675 1.5% since 2016–17

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSTotal number of international students from Australasia in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 39: TOP FIVE AUSTRALASIAN STUDENT DOMICILES IN THE UK, 2017–18

1 2 3 4 5


New Zealand 520 1.9%

Fiji 20

Christmas Island 10

New Caledonia 10

2,725 0.7%since 2016–17

37

OUTWARD MOBILITYTotal instances of mobility to Australasia, 2017–18:

FIGURE 41: TOP FIVE AUSTRALASIAN DESTINATIONS FOR MOBILE UK STUDENTS, BY MOBILITY INSTANCES, 2017–18

CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONSTotal UK publications with an Asian co-author, between 2015-2018:

FIGURE 43: TOP FIVE TOTAL PUBLICATIONS WITH AN AUSTRALASIAN CO-AUTHOR BY COUNTRY

% CHANGE 2015–2018


New Zealand 8,117 11.7%

Fiji 169 14.7%

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION*Total number of students on UK HE TNE in Australasia, 2017–18:

FIGURE 42: TOP FIVE UK HE TNE HOST COUNTRIES IN AUSTRALASIA, 2017–18Main type of TNE provision: Other arrangements including collaborative provisions

Australia 4.4%

New Zealand 8.3%

Fiji 20.0%Papua New Guinea

Samoa

1,505

330

20

30

5

0 300 600 900 1,200 1,500

2,910 6.2% since 2016–17

1,915 5.4% since 2016–17

51,332 *excluding the three main providers

1

2

3

5

4

Australia 2,100

2.9%

New Zealand 430

4.9%

Fiji 240 0.5%

Tonga 30 0.3%

Vanuatu 45

28.6%

38

EUROPEDespite the UK’s impending departure from the EU, there has been a slight increase in the number of European students choosing to study in the UK (+2.5%), yet at the same time a small decrease in the number of European staff (-1.5%). Europe remains a popular destination for outward student mobility with a significant number of UK domiciled students choosing a European destination, despite the uncertainty about the UK’s future participation in the Erasmus+ programme. Europe is now the second largest TNE market behind Asia, with 15% of all UK TNE students worldwide located in European countries.

INTERNATIONAL STAFFTotal number of international staff from Europe in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 45: TOP FIVE EUROPEAN STAFF NATIONALITIES IN THE UK, 2017–18

Italy 7.6%

Germany 0.9%

Ireland 3.0%

Spain 3.1%

Greece 7.2%

7,755

6,835

6,820

4,560

4,530

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000

51,765 1.5% since 2016–17

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSTotal number of international students from Europe in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 44: TOP FIVE EUROPEAN STUDENT DOMICILES IN THE UK, 2017–18

1 2 3 4 5

Italy 13,985 3.9%

France 13,660 0.7%

Germany 13,545 3.9%

Greece 10,135 0.9%

Spain 9,630 9.2%

157,935 2.7%since 2016–17

39

OUTWARD MOBILITYTotal instances of mobility to Europe, 2017–18:

FIGURE 46: TOP FIVE EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS FOR MOBILE UK STUDENTS, BY MOBILITY INSTANCES, 2017–18

CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONSTotal UK publications with a European co-author, between 2015-2018:

FIGURE 48: TOP FIVE TOTAL PUBLICATIONS WITH A EUROPEAN CO-AUTHOR BY COUNTRY

% CHANGE 2015–2018

Germany 63,935 11.2%

Italy 45,759 14.8%

France 45,432 12.6%

Netherlands 36,603 13.6%

Spain 35,442 14.0%

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION*Total number of students on UK HE TNE in Europe, 2017–18:

FIGURE 47: TOP FIVE UK HE TNE HOST COUNTRIES IN EUROPE, 2017–18Main type of TNE provision: Other arrangements including collaborative provisions

Greece 7.1%

Cyprus (EU) 57.7%

Germany 16.6%

Switzerland 7.6%

Ireland 3.6%

13,065

7,260

5,220

5,210

4,055

0 3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 15,000

30,080 18.1% since 2016–17

57,500 9.3% since 2016–17

236,842*excluding the three main providers

4

3

5

1

2

Netherlands 2,790

25.7%

Germany 4,235

16.8%

Italy 2,285

23.5%

Spain 6,685

24.1%

France 5,645

17. 7%

40

MIDDLE EASTIn the Middle East, Saudi Arabia has traditionally been a major partner for student recruitment, while Oman and the UAE are the primary host countries for UK TNE . The number of international staff from the region has increased by almost 9% since 2016–17, with the greatest number coming from Iran and the Levant. The primary research partner in the region is Israel, closely followed by Saudi Arabia, but collaborations with Iran and the UAE increased significantly - by almost 40% - between 2015 and 2017.

INTERNATIONAL STAFFTotal number of international staff from the Middle East in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 50: TOP FIVE MIDDLE EASTERN STAFF NATIONALITIES IN THE UK, 2017–18

Iran 11.3%

Israel 1.7%

Syria 11.6%

Iraq 9.4%

Lebanon 0.0%

1,085

295

240

180

120

0 300 600 900 1,200

2,195 8.9% since 2016–17

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSTotal number of international students from the Middle East in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 49: TOP FIVE MIDDLE EASTERN STUDENT DOMICILES IN THE UK, 2017–18

1 2 3 4 5


United Arab Emirates 4,575 12.1%

Kuwait 4,075 18.1%

Qatar 2,860 1.0%

Oman 2,445 4.7%

29,670 1.9%since 2016–17

41

OUTWARD MOBILITYTotal instances of mobility to the Middle East, 2017–18:

FIGURE 51: TOP FIVE MENA DESTINATIONS FOR MOBILE UK STUDENTS, BY MOBILITY INSTANCES, 2017–18

CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONSTotal UK publications with a Middle Eastern co-author, between 2015-2018:

FIGURE 53: TOP FIVE TOTAL PUBLICATIONS WITH A MIDDLE EASTERN CO-AUTHOR BY COUNTRY

% CHANGE 2015–2018

Israel 6,327 15.0%


Iran 4,334 37.6%

Qatar 2,280 22.0%

UAE 2,106 39.4%

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION*Total number of students on UK HE TNE in the Middle East, 2017–18:

FIGURE 52: TOP FIVE UK HE TNE HOST COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 2017–18Main type of TNE provision: Other arrangements including collaborative provisions

Oman 1.8%United Arab Emirates 5.7%

Saudi Arabia 15.3%

Qatar 10.3%

Bahrain 10.0%

18,195

13,110

2,165

1,665

770

0 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 20,000

825 15.4% since 2016–17

37,875 0.2% since 2016–17


1

2

3

5

4

United Arab Emirates 320 33.3%

Jordan 185

19.4%

Saudi Arabia 75

50.0%

Lebanon 40

14.3%

Israel 65

13.3%

42

NORTH AMERICAThe UK has long-standing research relationships in North America, and levels of research collaboration are growing across the US, Canada and Mexico. The number of international students coming to the UK from North America has also increased by over 6% between 2016–17 and 2017–18, with the vast majority coming from the US. North America is a popular destination for outward student mobility. The scale of TNE in North America is small (4.7% of the global total) compared to other regions in the world. Although North America experienced an overall growth in TNE students in the last five years, the number of UK TNE students has decreased in Trinidad and Tobago, Canada and Jamaica.

INTERNATIONAL STAFFTotal number of international staff from North America in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 55: TOP FIVE NORTH AMERICAN STAFF NATIONALITIES IN THE UK, 2017–18

United States 3.7%

Canada 1.5%

Mexico 22.6%

Jamaica 2.8%Trinidad and Tobago 6.3%

5,435

1,980

570

0 1,500 3,000 4,500 6,000

175

85

8,450 4.1% since 2016–17

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSTotal number of international students from North America in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 54: TOP FIVE NORTH AMERICAN STUDENT DOMICILES IN THE UK, 2017–18

1 2 3 4 5


Canada 6,180 4.5%

Mexico 1,945 8.3%

Trinidad & Tobago 625 0.0%

Bermuda 465 9.4%

30,550 6.3% since 2016–17

43

OUTWARD MOBILITYTotal instances of mobility to North America, 2017–18:

FIGURE 56: TOP FIVE NORTH AMERICAN DESTINATIONS FOR MOBILE UK STUDENTS, BY MOBILITY INSTANCES, 2017–18

CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONSTotal UK publications with a North American co-author, between 2015-2018:

FIGURE 58: TOP FIVE TOTAL PUBLICATIONS WITH A NORTH AMERICAN CO-AUTHOR BY COUNTRY

% CHANGE 2015–2018


Canada 31,375 15.5%

Mexico 4,411 27.1%

Cuba 374 4.7%

Costa Rica 357 64.5%

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION*Total number of students on UK HE TNE in North America, 2017–18:

FIGURE 57: TOP FIVE UK HE TNE HOST COUNTRIES IN NORTH AMERICA, 2017–18Main type of TNE provision: Other arrangements including collaborative provisions

United States 12.7%Trinidad and Tobago 18.9%

Canada 4.2%

Mexico 13.7%

Jamaica 9.4%

4,525

4,235

3,210

790

725

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000

8,065 8.3% since 2016–17

15,675 3.3% since 2016–17


1

3

4

5

2

United States 5,310

8.2%

Mexico 240 26.3%

Belize 140

26.3%

Costa Rica 135 0.0%

Canada 1,715

8.2%

44

SOUTH AMERICAThe number of international students from South America is small compared to other regions, and only increased by 0.65% between 2016–17 and 2017–18. However, research collaborations have grown significantly, particularly in Peru where the number of co-authored publications increased by almost 40% between 2015-2017. The number of staff from South America working at UK higher education institutions has also increased, and while TNE in the region is still relatively under-developed, South America has the fastest growth rate of any region in terms of numbers of students globally.

INTERNATIONAL STAFFTotal number of international staff from South America in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 60: TOP FIVE SOUTH AMERICAN STAFF NATIONALITIES IN THE UK, 2017–18

Brazil 15.1%

Colombia 4.3%

Chile 27.3%

Ecuador 6.3%

Peru 12.5%

610

245

210

170

90

0 150 300 450 600

1,470 12.2% since 2016–17

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSTotal number of international students from South America in the UK in 2017–18:

FIGURE 59: TOP FIVE SOUTH AMERICAN STUDENT DOMICILES IN THE UK, 2017–18

1 2 3 4 5

Brazil 1,670 4.3%

Colombia 965 4.0%

Chile 870 0.6%

Ecuador 555 7.8%

Peru 480 18.5%

5,385 0.7%since 2016–17

45

OUTWARD MOBILITYTotal instances of mobility to South America, 2017–18:

FIGURE 61: TOP FIVE SOUTH AMERICAN DESTINATIONS FOR MOBILE UK STUDENTS, BY MOBILITY INSTANCES, 2017–18

CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONSTotal UK publications with a South American co-author, between 2015-2018:

FIGURE 63: TOP FIVE TOTAL PUBLICATIONS WITH A SOUTH AMERICAN CO-AUTHOR BY COUNTRY

% CHANGE 2015–2018

Brazil 13,913 31.5%

Chile 5,394 20.7%

Colombia 3,016 20.9%

Argentina 2,994 17.0%

Peru 1,016 39.5%

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION*Total number of students on UK HE TNE in the South America, 2017–18:

FIGURE 62: TOP FIVE UK HE TNE HOST COUNTRIES IN SOUTH AMERICA, 2017–18Main type of TNE provision: Other arrangements including collaborative provisions

Brazil 8.0%

Guyana 36.1%

Colombia 3.0%

Peru 11.1%

Argentina 7.1%

405

245

170

100

75

0 100 200 300 400 500

1,260 0.4% since 2016–17

1,215 9.9% since 2016–17

22,597*excluding the three main providers1

4

2

3

5

Brazil 310

1.6%

Argentina 190

7.3%

Chile 245 2.1%

Peru 225

7.3%

Colombia 150

36.4%

46

NOTES ON DATAIn 2017–18, there were 164 higher education institutions in the UK that returned data to the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). This webpage includes data from these institutions, plus the University of Buckingham. For further information on higher education institutions visit HESA’s website: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/support/providers.

HESA Student, Staff, Finance and Aggregate Offshore Records as well as the DLHE survey are copyright Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited. Neither the Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited nor HESA Services Limited can accept responsibility for any inferences or conclusions derived by third parties from data or other information obtained from Heidi Plus.

All HESA figures quoted in the publication that relate to student, staff, mobility and TNE numbers have been rounded to the nearest five in accordance with HESA data protection protocols. Unknown domiciles and nationalities were excluded from HESA figures and percentages.

All percentages have been calculated using raw figures and rounded, therefore rounded figures may not sum precisely.

GLOSSARYCOLLABORATIVE PROVISIONRegistered at reporting provider - studying overseas for UK HEP ward other than at an overseas campus of reporting provider, eg, joint and dual derees.

COST CENTREThe cost centre describes where resources deployed to teach the student are located and is similar to the academic department of a university.

DLHEThe Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) survey asks leavers from higher education what they are doing six months after graduation. About three-quarters of leavers complete the survey.

DOMICILEA student’s permanent country of residence. EEA The European Economic Area (EEA) is the 28 EU countries plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.

ERASMUS+ PROGRAMMEErasmus+, or Erasmus Plus, is the EU’s programme to support education, training, youth and sport in Europe. Running from 2014-2020 and with a budget of €14.7 billion it provides opportunities for Europeans to study, train, and gain experience abroad.

47

EUROPEAnalysis relating to Europe includes countries which fall under the following HESA categories: Other European Union; Other EEA countries; Other Europe. For a full list of countries, please see: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/support/definitions/students.

HESAHigher Education Statistics Agency.

HORIZON 2020The Horizon 2020 programme was established by the European Union (EU) as a collaborative financial instrument that would help secure Europe’s global competitiveness in research and innovation. The programme – running from 2014 to 2020 – offers an open, simple structure for accessing funding in order to remove barriers to collaborative innovation, get new projects off the ground quickly and achieve results faster. Funding calls are based on three areas: Excellent science, industrial leadership, societal challenges.

INSTANCES OF MOBILITYSome students have a number of mobility experiences as part of their course outside of the UK. These are counted seperately and not aggregated together.

NATIONALITYThe country of legal nationality of staff.

NET IMPACTThe net impact (benefits minus costs) is an estimate relating to the on- and off-campus spending of the 2015-16 cohort and their visitors over the entire course of their studies.

OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 36 member countries, founded in 1961 to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.

OTHER ARRANGEMENTAny other student studying overseas for an award of the reporting provider. For example, multiple UK or international partners delivering a programme or a combination of other types of provision.

OVERSEAS PARTNER ORGANISATIONRegistered at overseas partner organisation - studying overseas for an award of the reporting provider. The majority of teaching is delivered in-country, eg, validation and franchise arrangements.

SCIVALSciVal is a research information tool that offers easy access to the research performance of 7,500 research institutions and 220 nations worldwide. Produced by Elsevier it uses bibliometric information from the Scopus database from 1996 onwards.

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATIONTransnational Education (TNE) is the delivery of an educational award in a country other than that in which the awarding body is based. It includes but is not limited to online and distance learning, joint and dual degree programmes, fly-in faculty or international branch campuses.

48

REFERENCE LISTHESA, 2018Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) data 2016-17. Available at: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c16018

BEIS, 2016International Comparative Performance of the UK Research Base 2016. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/507321/ELS-BEIS-Web.pdf.

HEPI, 2018The Costs and Benefits of International Students by Parliamentary Constituency. Available at: https://www.hepi.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Economic-benefits-of-international-students-by-constituency-Final-11-01-2018.pdf

HESA AGGREGATE OFFSHORE RECORD 2017–18 Available at: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c17052

HESA FINANCE RECORD 2017–18 Available at: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c17031

HESA STUDENT RECORD 2017–18 Available at: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c17051

HESA STAFF RECORD 2017–18 Available at: https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c17025

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@UUKIntl Universities UK International

UNIVERSITIES UK INTERNATIONALUUKi is the international arm of Universities UK.We help UK universities flourish internationally by representing them and acting in their collective interest. We actively promote universities abroad, provide trusted information for and about them, and create new opportunities for the sector. We aim to: enable universities to develop and deliver strong international strategies; influence the policy and regulatory environment through our ability to represent UK universities; and create diverse opportunities through strategic partnerships.