International Forum on English Language Teaching, University of Porto Ana Fernndez Viciana University of Oviedo Self efficacy: Believing in me, I believe in you The little engine that could Self efficacy: Believing in me, I believe in you https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TPUwrURo6M Self efficacy: Believing in me, I believe in you How was the little engine able to face this challenge and succeed in it? Self efficacy: Believing in me, I believe in you There are many things that we can do if only we try If only we say I think I can Self efficacy: Believing in me, I believe in you If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning. Self efficacy: Believing in me, I believe in you Self efficacy Self efficacy: Believing in me, I believe in you What is self efficacy? Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me The beliefs in ones capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments. Bandura (1977) Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me To set a goal To persevere to see oneself capable of achieving it!! Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me influenced by determine the environment our beliefs our behavioursour choices internal personal factors (cognitive, affective, and biological processes) our actions Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me We can relate self efficacy to teachers Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me How do you feel about our own English? How enthusiastic do you feel about teaching English? Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me SURVEY Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me How do the results of the survey relate to your own feelings of self efficacy? What issues emerge from them as English teachers? Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Why is it important in our profession? Why should teachers have a high sense of self efficacy? Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Higher levels of teaching efficacy have been associated with higher students test scores and achievement motivation students self efficacy Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Efficacious teachers Persist with struggling students Criticize less after incorrect students answers Show adaptability when faced with classroom challenges Understand that capabilities to teach have a direct impact on teaching practices Believe that difficult students can be teachable if the teacher makes an extra effort Tend to experiment with Methods of instruction Instructional materials Show a high professional commitment Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Self efficacy is also related to our students Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Teachers can help children develop their self efficacy by reinforcing their strengths helping them identify steps or paths to achieve their goals Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Lets identify the sources of self efficacy. Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Mastery experiences Bandura (1986, 1997) Vicarious experiences Tschannen Mora Et al. (1998) Verbal persuasion Physiological arousal Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Mastery experiences The idea of how well or badly we are capable of doing an action Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me I passed! Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Vicarious learning experiences Observing others performing actions help us judge ourselves how well or badly we can do it Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me If Tommy can ski, I can ski too! Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Verbal persuasion Our beliefs are influenced by the appraisals we receive, especially from peers, parents, or friends. Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Superb! You are really good at it! Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Physiological arousal Feelings of anxiety, stress, and change of mood. Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me The person who experiences a positive emotion is able to face situations with a positive attitude Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me However, negative attitudes affect our performances Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me This is related to Krashens Affective filter hypothesis Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Its an invisible psychological filter that can Facilitate Hinder language production and learning Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me If the affective filter is high learners experience Anxiety Stress Lack of confidence Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me If the affective filter is low, learners are less concerned motivated to learn Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me The affective filter can be raised or lowered as a result of The environment Interactions with peers or teachers Personal factors such as insecurity or anxiety Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me How do you create an environment that lowers the learners affective filter? What type of interactions do you promote? Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Some suggestions Create a positive atmosphere Develop comprehensible and meaningful activities that invite them to communicate Praise your students to build self - efficacy Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Make sure the input is comprehensible Respect the silent period of each child Let them observe their peers performances Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Set goals that your students are able to achieve. Take time to show them how well they have done it! Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me Ana Fernndez Viciana (University of Oviedo) REFERENCES Bandura, A. (1977). Self efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84 (2), 191 215. Chacn, C. (2005). Teachers perceived efficacy among English as a foreign language teachers in middle schools in Venezuela. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 257 272. Chacn, C. (2006). Las creencias de autoeficacia: un aporte para la formacin del docente de ingls. Accin Pedaggica, 15, 44 54. Moon, J. (2000). Children Learning English. Oxford: MacMillan Heinneman English Language Teaching. Pajares, F. (1992). Teachers beliefs and educational research: cleaning up a messy construct. Review of Educational Research, 62 (3), 307 332. Tschannen Moram, M., Woolfolk Hoy, A., and Hoy, W. (1998). Teacher Efficacy: Its Meaning and Measure. Review of Educational Research (68), 202 248. Self efficacy: Believing in you, I believe in me