international journal of data structures vol 2 issue 2
TRANSCRIPT
International Journal of
Data Structures
IJDS JUL–DEC 2016
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Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
Applications3 more...
Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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Focus and Scope of the Journal Fundamental data structures
Recursive algorithms
Dynamic information structures
Language structures and compilers
ASCII character set
Pascal syntax diagrams
Advanced data structures and algorithms
B-trees
Array data structure
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Manisha Dhoble
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UCLA, USA
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Information Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Erode,Tamil Nadu
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Hyderabad, India
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Kokrajhar, Assam, India
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Dr. Kavita Saxena, RKG Institute of Technology, GZB,
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Safar Irandoust Assistant Professor at University of
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Dr. R. Sivaraj Associate Professor, Velalar College of
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Saptarshi Roy Post Doctoral Fellow, NIT Warangal,
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Dr.R.Manjula Devi Assistant Professor(Senior Grade)/CSE,, Kongu
Engineering College, Perundurai, India.
B M Alaudeen Research Scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University, Tirunelveli,India.
Sivaraj Rajappan Velalar college of engineering and technology,
Anna University, India
From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Data Structures. This journal is part of the Computer
Science and Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Engineering issues, from
theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging
technologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Data Structures as an
emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical
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International Journal of Data Structures focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
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and compilers, ASCII character set, Pascal syntax diagrams, Advanced data structures, B-trees, Array data
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Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director
1. Different Type of Sorting Technique in Data Structure Usage Sunil Kumar Chouriya 1
2. Categorical Study of Nature Inspired Algorithms in the Various Domains S. Goel, S. Sinha, V.K. Panchal 10
3. Data Structure and Its Multiple Uses in Computer ScienceTejus Dhoble 15
4. Editorial Note: Importance of Data Structure in Different Fields of Computer ScienceManisha Agnihotri 18
5. Data Structures and Its Importance – Research InsightAnkita Singh 20
Contents
IJDS (2016) 1–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Data Structures Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Different Type of Sorting Technique in Data Structure Usage
Sunil Kumar Chouriya* NIIST, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, MP, India
ABSTRACT
Sorting techniques help an individual to evaluate hard algorithms in easy way, so this paper
helps to execute tough algorithm in a simple way for different–different users.
Keywords: data sorting, execute
INTRODUCTION
Data Structure Data Structure is a method for gathering
and arranging information in such a way,
to the point that we can perform operations
on this information in a powerful way.
Data structure is about rendering
information components regarding some
relationship, for better association and
capacity. For example, we have data
player’s name “Virat” and age 26. Here,
“Virat” is of String data type and 26 is of
integer data type.
We can organize this data as a record like
Player record. Now we can collect and
store player’s records in a file or database
as a data structure. For example: “Shane
Warn” 30, “Sachin” 31, and “Sehwag” 33.
In simple language, data structures are
structures programmed to store ordered
data, so that various operations can be
performed on it easily.
Sorting Sorting is only capacity of data in sorted
request, it can be in climbing or diving
request. The term Sorting comes into
picture with the term Searching. There are
such a large number of things in our
genuine that we have to inquiry, similar to
a specific record in database, move
numbers in legitimacy list, a specific
phone number, a specific page in a book
and so on.
Sorting masterminds information in a
succession which makes looking simpler.
Each record which will be sorted will
contain one key. Taking into account the
key the record will be sorted. For instance,
assume we have a record of understudies;
each such record will have the
accompanying information:
Roll no
Name
Age
Class
Here, student roll no. can be taken as key
for sorting the records in rising or diving
request. Presently assume we need to seek
a student with roll no. 15, we do not have
to seek the finish record we will basically
look between the students with roll no. 10–
20.
Sorting Efficiency There are numerous systems for sorting.
Usage of specific sorting procedure relies
on circumstance. Sorting methods
fundamentally relies on upon two
parameters. To start with parameter is the
execution time of program, which implies
IJDS (2016) 10-14 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 10
International Journal of Data Structures Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Categorical Study of Nature Inspired Algorithms in the Various
Domains
S. Goel1*
, S. Sinha2, V.K. Panchal
3
1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Computer University School of California, USA
2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NSIT Delhi University, New Delhi, India
3DTRL, DRDO, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
Now a days there researchers have shifted their interest from the classical algorithm to new
concept of Swarm Intelligence/ Nature Inspired Algorithms. Nature being the powerful
paradigm such diversified providing the researcher scope to discover as many new algorithm
such as Ant Colony Optimization based on the behaviour of ant to Pigeon Optimization based
on the behaviour of Pigeon. But the issues coming in here is which algorithm can be used in
a given problem definition. Authors in this paper have attempted to present an abstract view
of the successful use of these algorithms in a given environment. This is done based on the
research survey performed on the basic characters of each algorithm mentioned. Also, the
author has attempted to classify these algorithms into Time-Space Variant and Time-Space
Invariant.
Keywords: complexity, swarm algorithm, time-space variant and time-space invariant
INTRODUCTION
Computational Intelligence (CI) is the
study of Population Based Stochastic
Optimization Techniques, modelled on the
behavioural aspects in decentralized
system. It is the set of various nature
inspired Computational methodologies and
approaches to address complex real-world
problems to which traditional approaches,
i.e., first principles modelling or
explicit statistical modelling, are
ineffective or infeasible. Many real-life
problems are not considered to be well-
posed problems mathematically, but nature
provides many counter examples of
biological systems exhibiting the required
function, practically. We are going to
detailed algorithms which comes under the
category of CI, will study their
characteristics and discuss its paradigm of
applicability.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
Research in Computational Intelligence
has gone far beyond neural networks (NN),
fuzzy systems (FS) and evolutionary
computation (EC), the current
development in research such as Agent
Behaviour shows that Computational
Intelligence is entering the second golden
phase. The aim of this paper is to bring
together the study of the new upcoming
algorithm which can help the academic
institutions and R&D Research Labs,
working in the related fields. These new
algorithms in CI can be applied to various
field such as image processing, computer
vision, motion analysis and machine
learning. Different advancements in these
techniques have resulted in wide
applicability of Algorithms in varied
domains. Researches shows that many
population based algorithms has the ability
IJDS (2016) 15–17 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 15
International Journal of Data Structures Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Data Structure and Its Multiple Uses in Computer Science
Tejus Dhoble* Department of Computer Science, ITM Gwalior, India
ABSTRACT
This paper reconsiders the uses of information structures connected with field of software
engineering furthermore with awesome importance in fulfilling the elements of operating
framework and enhancing the throughput by asset use. There is a measure of crucial
multifaceted nature in sorting out/handling the information and documents exhibit in
framework. No beast constrain methodologies can minimize and show it so effortlessly by
receiving to the non-synchronized system of capacity and administration, yet it can be put
with the goal that it doesn't act as a burden and it's additionally straightforward. The best
such place is an information structure. Information structures have numerous applications in
the range of framework improvement, information base outline, programming coding and PC
systems. The proficiency of utilizing information structures as a part of performing different
working framework employments are investigated in detail with cases. In the region of
software engineering training, Algorithm perception is the most mainstream device utilized,
while showing information structure to college understudies. Utilizing this apparatus
understudy can without much of a stretch comprehend idea of information structure and see
outwardly how different operations performed on this information structure. This paper
introduces an overview on different representation device utilized as a part of the writing
from 2001 to 2013. Different innovations used to create it, their advantages in learning
information structure, constraints, year of production and their creators.
Keywords: algorithm, data structure
INTRODUCTION
Information might be composed in various
ways. The legitimate or numerical model
of a specific association of information is
known as a "Information structure". An
effective information model is required to
sort out the information. The decision of
specific information display relies on upon
two contemplations. Firstly it must be
sufficiently rich in structure to reflect
genuine connections of information in
certifiable and on the other hand, the
structure ought to be sufficiently basic that
one can viably prepare information when
fundamental. This paper concentrates on
the applicational parts of different
information structures with pertinence to
the field of software engineering and
likewise to framework programming like
working framework and their trial in
playing out its operational assignments.
The information sorted out with
information structures are prepared by
method for specific operations. The
conclusive activity of picking a specific
information structure for a given
circumstance depends generally on
recurrence with which particular
operations are performed. The most
usually performed operations on
information structures incorporate
crossing, seeking, embeddings, erasing and
IJDS (2016) 18–19 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 18
International Journal of Data Structures Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Editorial Note: Importance of Data Structure in Different Fields
of Computer Science
Manisha Agnihotri Department of Electricals and Electronics, SIT Devas, India
Data structure is a specific way of
accumulating and arranging information in
a computer system, so that it can be
fetching and used most efficiently.
There are so many kinds of data structures
for different kinds of applications. The
data structure is very helpful for writing
program in any language.
If you have good understanding of data
structure, then you can store and organize
data very easily.
With the help of this, you can manage
more data in the main memory in such a
way that the insertion, deletion of data is
very easy.
Data structures are very important for the
following reasons:
1. Data structures are used in every
program or software system.
2. Specific data structures are essential
part of many algorithms, manages the
huge amounts of data, such as
large integrated collection of
databases.
3. Some programming languages
highlight data structures, rather than
algorithms, as the key organizing
factor in software design.
There are basically two types of data
structure:
1. Primitive Data Structure: The concept
of handling the primitive data types
likes integer, float, Boolean, etc. in
efficient way.
2. Non-Primitive Data Structure: The
concept of handling the complex data
types likes linked list, tree, graph etc.
in efficient way.
Data Structure is very important for
different disciplines of computer science.
With the help of this, we can perform
different functions like resource allocation,
job scheduling, context switching within
the process etc. The least difficult
approach to comprehend a data structure is
to view it as a system for catching data that
is conveniently kept together. To a great
many people who have any PC
programming background, the primary
information structure that strikes a chord is
in the type of a table where the lines
compare to articles where every section
speaks to a diverse bit of data of a specific
sort for the protest connected with the line.
At the point when the majority of the
segments are of a similar sort, then we
have a cluster information structure. As a
IJDS (2016) 20–22 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20
International Journal of Data Structures Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Data Structures and Its Importance – Research Insight
Ankita Singh
E-mail: [email protected]
BACKGROUND
Data structure is a procedure of storing and
organizing data in a computer, to be
retrieved later for use. They are important
for the many reasons. Data structures are
utilized in nearly every software system,
they are essential constituents of many
efficient algorithms, managing large
integrated collection of databases,
programming languages, and in software
design. Algorithms too, are not far behind.
They are step by step procedures to
accomplish a task. By developing a good
understanding of algorithms, we can
choose the right decision for a problem
and apply it properly. We use algorithms
to find the shortest or the best path to
travel from one location to another
(Google Maps).There are many
applications of algorithms in the modern
world – weather forecasting, finding
structural patterns and cure diseases,
inventing games and so on. The latest
example was developing a highly complex
algorithm for a space probe that helped
Indian scientists to reach Mars efficiently,
at minimum costs.
ALGORITHMS NEXT BIG THING
THAT CAN CHANGE THE WORLD
Ii is predicted that in the next 5 years,
about one million new devices will come
online hourly, making uncountable new
interconnections and relationships, and
producing excessive data. However, these
relationships will not be driven by data,
but by algorithms. Data vary a simple. It
does not do anything until you know how
to use it and employ it. In reality,
algorithms are tools that define action.
Dynamic algorithms are the center of new
customer interactions.
The founder of the big data firm stated that
links, relationships and algorithms are
shaping the future of business, not big
data. If someone is still stuck to big data,
then he is missing the conceptual point and
opportunities, he added. The most famous
websites and services work their magic by
making calculations in the cloud using
dynamic algorithm.
For instance, Netflix suggests what you
should watch by monitoring what you
have watched, and what other people have
watched what you have. The grand finale
for the algorithmic economy is alluring.
Empowered customers and businesses get
when and what they want, without the time
lags and vexation of old world
applications.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE JUST
GOT SMARTER
A team of scientists from Massachusetts
Institute of Technology have designed
learning program that can identify and
draw handwritten characters after viewing
them only a few times, exactly like
humans. And it does it so well that people
cannot tell the difference. This marks a
major milestone in developing powerful
computer programs and artificial
intelligence. Though computers are great
at storing and processing data, they’re less
than A1 students. An average 4-year-old
could grasp basic concepts quicker than
the most sophisticated program. However,
handwritten characters are appropriate for
comparing human and machine learning.
They are both often used as a reference
point for comparing learning algorithms.
International Journal of
Data Structures
IJDS JUL–DEC 2016
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India
E-mail: [email protected]
¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development
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Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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3 more...
Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
Applications3 more...
Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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