international journal of electro mechanics and mechanical behaviour vol 2 issue 1

Jan – June 2016 IJEMMB

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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

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and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

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Applied Mechanics

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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

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Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

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Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

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1. Effect of Transversely Material in a Disc with Inclusion and Subjected to Load Pankaj Thakur, Sandeep Kumar, Vandna 1

2. Experimental Investigation and Analysis on the Wear Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Silicon Carbide and Graphite M. Aravindh, C. Velmurugan 10

3. Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding by Using DoeS. Rengaraj, V. Manivel Muralidaran 18

4. Study of Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite in Braking ApplicationsG. Prasanth, S. Rajesh 25

5. Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour on Natural Fiber (Sisal/Banana) Reinforced Epoxy CompositeR. Karthikeyan, M.V. Shanmugam, P. Divyakumar 32

Contents

IJEMMB (2016) 1–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Electro Mechanics and Mechanical Behaviour Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Effect of Transversely Material in a Disc with Inclusion and

Subjected to Load

Pankaj Thakur1*

, Sandeep Kumar2, Vandna

1

1Department of Mathematics, IEC University Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

2Mahatma Gandhi University, Meghalaya, India

Abstract

It can be concluded that rotating made of brass material required the lesser value of angular

speed to yield at the internal surface as compared to disc made of beryl material. Mechanical

load increased the values of angular speed yield at the internal surface for magnesium, beryl,

and brass materials. Transversely material disc is on the safer side of the design.

Keywords: disc, shaft, stresses, transversely, yielding

INTRODUCTION

Rotating disks are important components

in various mechanical engineering

applications, e.g., radial impact on wheels,

transverse loading of disc brakes, dynamic

loadings of disc drives, radial or transverse

excitation of circular saw blades, impacts

of meteorites on spinning satellites,

impacts of soft bodies on rotating engine

discs and blades, compressor, turbo

generators, pumps, compressors,

flywheels, shrink fits, automotive braking

systems, ship propellers, rotors, disk

brakes, hard disks, optical discs and gas

turbines.[1]

These are often subject to

loading or excitation in the transverse (out-

of-plane) direction. Analysis of rotating

disks has been studied by a number of

researchers. One can find lots of works

dealing mainly with the transverse

vibrations of circular or annular plates and

with the in-plane vibrations of stationary

or rotating discs. Theory of continuum

mechanics predicting deformations of

composite materials depends relatively

upon characteristic structural dimensions,

the severity of stress and thermal

gradients, and the relative scale and

periodicity of the material’s internal

structure. The application of this

transversely isotropic theory is made to the

plane strain problem of a thick walled

cylindrical tube subjected to internal and

external pressure and a radial temperature

distribution. The first is that it provides a

simple structure that can be solved

analytically, thereby supplying a

benchmark problem for structural analysis

code verification. [2]

Second, the thrust

chambers of reusable rocket engines,

notably the NASA Space Shuttle main

engine, and tubular composite test

specimens may be geometrically idealized

as such. This enables a qualitative

examination of the effect of fiber

reinforcement on the stress, strain and

deformation distributions. Kirkner [3]

studied vibration of a rigid disc on a

transversely isotropic elastic half space.

Mahalanabis and Chakrabarti [4–7]

have

investigated external thermal crack

problem in a transversely isotropic elastic

medium. Arnold [2]

studied transversely

isotropic thermo-elastic theory and

thermo-elastic transversely isotropic thick

walled cylinder/disk application: an

IJEMMB (2016) 10–17 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved


www.journalspub.com

Experimental Investigation and Analysis on the Wear Behavior of

Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Silicon

Carbide and Graphite

M. Aravindh1*, C. Velmurugan

2

1Industrial Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

2Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract

Among the engineering practiced material, the utilization of aluminum based material is

rapidly increasing in all domains especially in aerospace and automobile industries due to

excellent physical properties such as low density, low weight and low production cost. But

there are constraints in frictional resistance and wear rate, thus result in poor limit of seizure

and to overcome the above, addition of silicon carbide and graphite is added as a

supplementary. Thus result in improvement of wear behavior. Stir casting was employed for

producing hybrid reinforcement composites and pin on disc apparatus were used for wear

testing of samples. Design of experiments DOE helps in conducting experiments and those

experimental values are formulated through response surface methodology RSM. Scanning

electron microscope SEM provides the analyzing technique to test composite specimen. The

objective of this research is to investigate and optimize the influence of most predominant

heat treatment parameter of Al 6061 hybrid composites and to obtain the optimal value and

interaction effect for the response factor such as aging time, aging temperature, solutionizing

time, solutionizing temperature thereby reducing volume loss. An attempt is made to improve

the performance of reduced abrasion, adhesion and delamination on the surface of

composite. The research is further justified with optimal value on decreased volume loss

without errors and deviations using MINITAB SOFTWARE.

Keywords: aluminum alloys, heat treatment parameters, hybrid composites, reinforcement,

wear

INTRODUCTION

In Modern days technology is growing at a

very rapid rate and it requires high

materials with effective properties and

efficient performance which usual

monolithic materials could not provide.

Materials used in engineering applications

could not provide sufficient optimum level

of strength, stiffness and wear

resistance.[1–3]

The importance of aluminum metal matrix

composites (AMMCs) is rapidly

increasing day to day since it possess the

quality of high strength, stiffness, low

density and wear resistance and they have

the potential and caliber to replace their

massive counterparts mainly in

automotive, aerospace and energy

applications. [2–9]

Composite resources are created by mixing

two or more materials such that they have

enhanced engineering properties than the

conventional materials. These materials

are gaining popularity since comparatively



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Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding by

Using Doe

S. Rengaraj1*, V. Manivel Muralidaran

2

1Industrial Engineering, Kumaraguru College of technology, Coimbatore, India

2Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is solid state joining process. This technique is energy efficient,

environment friendly and versatile. Welding is a multiinput-output process in which quality of

weld joint is depends upon an input parameter. Experiments are conducted here, with a tool

having a cylindrical pin of 0.4mm clearance. The process parameters are optimized using the

Taguchi technique based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Experiments have been

conducted based on three process namely, the tool rotational speed, tool tilt angle and

transverse speed. Tensile strength has been predicted for the Optimum welding parameters

and their percentage of contribution in producing a better joint is calculated, by applying the

effect of the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance. Based on the study, the tool

transverse speed is found to be the influencing factor over the other process parameters, and

it enhances the quality of the weld on aluminium plate Al(6061). The optimum tensile

strength is predicted through Taguchi technique. Confirmation tests have been performed for

the resulting optimum parameter and the maximum tensile strength was found.

Keywords: ANOVA, Friction stir welding, Taughchi, tenstile strength

INTRODUCTION We usually need a proper technique to join

materials having higher hardness property

and tensile strength. Friction stir welding

(FSW) is a recent addition to the welding

process and it is a solid state joining

technique it was performed on Al and its

alloys is now carried out on copper,

magnesium and different material

combinations. Different tool pin profiles

have been used to weld aluminium alloys,

and it has been found that the tapered pin

gave defective welds when compared to

other profiles. [1]

The cylindrical tool has

been reported to give better joint strength

because of the easy penetration of the pin

inside the aluminium plate with reduced

pin failures. The amount of friction heat

produced for a better weld depends mainly

on the process parameters, such as the tool

rotational speed, plunge depth, plunge

force, tool tilt angle and travel speed.

Apart from the highest influencing process

parameters, such as the rotating speed of

the tool and traverse speed in FSW, the

tool tilt angle is an added process

parameter which could give better results

in the FSW of aluminium.

Tensile strength is the powerful

mechanical property to optimize the

process parameter of the weld to achieve a

better joint. The most efficient and simple

way of designing an experiment can be

achieved by the Taguchi method which

helps to find out the most significant

process parameter among the parameter

combinations, by using the analysis of



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Study of Wear Behaviour of Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix

Composite in Braking Applications

G. Prasanth1*

, S. Rajesh2

1Industrial Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology,

Coimbatore, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India

Abstract

The present article investigates dry sliding wear behaviours of Aluminium 6061 Hybrid Metal

Matrix Composite (AlHMMC). Cast Iron(CI), the classic material used in automobile brake

which can be replaced by light weight, low corrosion and high strength AlHMMC’s in order

to overcome its deficiencies. The main objective of this work to investigate the sliding wear

behaviour of Al6061 composites reinforce MoS2 particles and to optimize the process

parameters in braking applications. The composite was prepared by using stir casting

technique. Taguchi, an optimization technique is been used to obtain the optimal

combinations input parameters which will positively influence the wear rate and coefficient

of friction. Dry sliding wear test method was used to conduct the experiments by using

Ducom made pin-on-disc wear testing machine. Design of Experiment was selected for

analysis of the data. Investigation about applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance on wear

rate and coefficient of friction during wearing process was carried out using ANOVA. Results

show that applied load has the highest influence followed by sliding distance and sliding

velocity.

Keywords: aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite, brake, design of experiments, pin on

disc, stir casting

INTRODUCTION

Aluminium silicon alloys and composites

are being used in automotive applications

like pistons, brake rotors and engine block

cylinder liners. Wear resistance of material

is combined with both optimum material

strength (hardness) and toughness

properties. The increasing strength (in

metallic materials with sufficient

toughness) has generally been observed to

increase wear resistance in many wear

environments. The effect of type of

reinforcements such as alumina, SiC

particle and the outcome of this work

clearly states that, particulate

reinforcement results in improving the

wear resistance of MMCs. [1]

The MMCs

fabrication technique plays a vital role in

enhancing the tribological and mechanical

properties, in this aspect the author had

slightly modified the fabrication procedure

as follows, materials placed in a graphite

crucible and are heated in an inert

atmosphere, then the molten metal

undergone two step stirring action to

maintain homogenous distribution of

reinforcements. [2]

From the comparison of

performance characteristics of Al alloy

reinforced with 5 wt% SiC fabricated

through stir casting and powder

metallurgy, it is a piece of evidence that

the stir casting specimens have superior



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Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour on Natural Fiber

(Sisal/Banana) Reinforced Epoxy Composite

R. Karthikeyan1*, M.V. Shanmugam

2, P. Divyakumar

3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Tiruchengode, India

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India

Abstract

This project investigates tensile, flexural, impact and compression behavior of sisal &banana

fiber reinforced epoxy composites. which is used for the purpose of decoration parts for

constructions, inner parts and automobile and boat. Sisal fiber is a promising reinforcement

for use in composites on account of its low cost, low density, high specific strength and

modulus, no health risk, easy availability in some countries and renewability. Fiber is

reinforced with epoxy resin in different volume fraction. The experimental values shows that

the tensile and flexural properties of sisal & banana fiber reinforced composite increases

with increase in fiber content and 40:60 volume fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber

contained composite gives the maximum tensile and flexural strength. The 60:40 volume

fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber contained composite gives the maximum impact

strength. The 40:60 volume fractions (Vf) of sisal and banana fiber contained composite gives

the maximum compression strength. The experiment shows 40:60 volume fraction (Vf) of the

composite achieves better performance compare with other different Volume fractions (Vf) of

the sisal-banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite.

Keywords: impact and compression behavior, tensile, flexural, volume fraction – Vf

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, there has been an increase

in interestin the use of natural fibers to

reinforce composite materials. In

comparison with synthetic fibers, natural

fibers are low in cost, low density, and

have highly specific properties. Epoxy

matrix composites as the name indicate,

consists of epoxy as the matrix, filed with

other materials. This type of composites is

easy to produce with minimum cost and

have better performances. A composite

material is a combination of two or more

materials that give a unique combination

of properties. One of the materials of stiff,

long fibers and other is made of a binder or

‘matrix’ which holds the fiber in place.

More recently natural fibers have been

used along with fiber materials. The

natural fibers are extracted from the

naturally available plants. The availability

of natural fibers such as Jute, Coir,

Bamboo, Banana, Sisal, Pineapple, etc. [1]

To rise the development of natural fiber

composite. In the field of automation and

structural engineering this type of natural

fibers composites are readily used. (1)

Natural fibers are readily used as

reinforcement in Epoxy composites. The

use of coupling agent with Epoxi are

discussed and evaluated. The thermo

kinetic mixer is used to mix the sisal fiber

with the polymeric matrix with speed rate

of 5250 rpm, in which fiber where

Jan – June 2016 IJEMMB

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Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

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Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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