international journal of marketing and technology (issn ... doc/ijmt_september/ijmra-mt327.pdf ·...

International Journal of Marketing and Technology (ISSN: 2249-1058)

CONTENTS

Sr.

No. TITLE & NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S) Page

No.

1 Comparative study of International vs. Traditional HRM Issues and Challenges.

Sirous Fakhimi-Azar, Farhad Nezhad Haji Ali Irani and Mohammad Reza Noruzi 1-16

2 An Analytical Study of Marketing of Banking Services of SBI and HDFC Bank in Borivali Suburb,

Mumbai.

Dr. M. N. Sondge and Prof. T. B. Gadhave

17-39

3 Investor’s Awareness and Preference Towards Mutual Funds Investments - Some Survey Evidences.

Dr. Megha Sandeep Somani 40-61

4 The Implication of Moral Intelligence and Effectiveness in Organization; Are They Interrelated?

Gholam Reza Rahimi 62-76

5 Magnitude and Compensability of Industrial Accidents in Nepal.

Dr. Shyam Bahadur Katuwal 77-100

6 Marketing of Dwcra Products A New Pardigm for Combating Rural Poverty - A Case Study Of

Andhra Pradesh.

Dr. K. Lalith and Prof. G. Prasad

101-111

7 Analyzed Traffic Through Switches In The Design of LANs using OPNET MODELER.

Mr. Ishu Gupta, Dr. Harsh Sadawarti and Dr. S. N. Panda 112-124

8 Customer Satisfaction of Retail Consumers With Special Relevance To Organized Retail Outlets In

Chennai City.

Anita Priscilla .J and Dr. Shanthi

125-145

9 Cluster Based Mutation Testing Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous N-MUTANTS.

Mr. Ajay Jangra and Ms. Jasleen kaur 146-160

10 Review of Supply Chain Management for Modeling and Integration in Indian Electronics &

Telecommunication industry.

Parul Goyal

161-181

11 Issues and Perspectives on Two fundamental Intangible Assets in Organizations; Intellectual and

Social Capitals.

Firouze Azizi and Mohammad Reza Noruzi

182-197

12 Management of Transportation System and Prioritization of Transport Infrastructure Projects.

Jayanti De, Dr. Sudip Kumar Roy and Dr. Madhumati Dutta 198-214

13 Mobile Learning Empowering Rural Women A study of Vidiyal (NGO) in Theni District,

TAMILNADU.

Dr. (Mrs.) S. Hasan Banu

215-243

14 A study on point of purchase - An Advertising and Selling Technique.

Mrs. Priti Jeevan 244-263

IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us

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Chief Patron Dr. JOSE G. VARGAS-HERNANDEZ

Member of the National System of Researchers, Mexico

Research professor at University Center of Economic and Managerial Sciences,

University of Guadalajara

Director of Mass Media at Ayuntamiento de Cd. Guzman

Ex. director of Centro de Capacitacion y Adiestramiento

Patron Dr. Mohammad Reza Noruzi

PhD: Public Administration, Public Sector Policy Making Management,

Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

Faculty of Economics and Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

Young Researchers' Club Member, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

Editorial Board

Dr. CRAIG E. REESE Professor, School of Business, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens

Dr. S. N. TAKALIKAR Principal, St. Johns Institute of Engineering, PALGHAR (M.S.)

Dr. RAMPRATAP SINGH Professor, Bangalore Institute of International Management, KARNATAKA

Dr. P. MALYADRI Principal, Government Degree College, Osmania University, TANDUR

Dr. Y. LOKESWARA CHOUDARY Asst. Professor Cum, SRM B-School, SRM University, CHENNAI

Prof. Dr. TEKI SURAYYA Professor, Adikavi Nannaya University, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA




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2011

Dr. T. DULABABU Principal, The Oxford College of Business Management, BANGALORE

Dr. A. ARUL LAWRENCE SELVAKUMAR Professor, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, MELMARAVATHUR, TN

Dr. S. D. SURYAWANSHI Lecturer, College of Engineering Pune, SHIVAJINAGAR

Dr. S. KALIYAMOORTHY Professor & Director, Alagappa Institute of Management, KARAIKUDI

Prof S. R. BADRINARAYAN Sinhgad Institute for Management & Computer Applications, PUNE

Mr. GURSEL ILIPINAR ESADE Business School, Department of Marketing, SPAIN

Mr. ZEESHAN AHMED Software Research Eng, Department of Bioinformatics, GERMANY

Mr. SANJAY ASATI

Dept of ME, M. Patel Institute of Engg. & Tech., GONDIA(M.S.)

Mr. G. Y. KUDALE

N.M.D. College of Management and Research, GONDIA(M.S.)

Editorial Advisory Board

Dr.MANJIT DAS Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Economics, M.C.College, ASSAM

Dr. ROLI PRADHAN Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, BHOPAL




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2011

Dr. N. KAVITHA Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Mekelle University, ETHIOPIA

Prof C. M. MARAN Assistant Professor (Senior), VIT Business School, TAMIL NADU

DR. RAJIV KHOSLA Associate Professor and Head, Chandigarh Business School, MOHALI

Dr. S. K. SINGH Asst. Professor, R. D. Foundation Group of Institutions, MODINAGAR

Dr. (Mrs.) MANISHA N. PALIWAL Associate Professor, Sinhgad Institute of Management, PUNE

DR. (Mrs.) ARCHANA ARJUN GHATULE Director, SPSPM, SKN Sinhgad Business School, MAHARASHTRA

DR. NEELAM RANI DHANDA Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, kuk, HARYANA

Dr. FARAH NAAZ GAURI Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada

University, AURANGABAD

Prof. Dr. BADAR ALAM IQBAL Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, UP

Associate Editors

Dr. SANJAY J. BHAYANI Associate Professor ,Department of Business Management, RAJKOT (INDIA)

MOID UDDIN AHMAD Assistant Professor, Jaipuria Institute of Management, NOIDA

Dr. SUNEEL ARORA Assistant Professor, G D Goenka World Institute, Lancaster University, NEW DELHI




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Mr. P. PRABHU Assistant Professor, Alagappa University, KARAIKUDI

Mr. MANISH KUMAR Assistant Professor, DBIT, Deptt. Of MBA, DEHRADUN

Mrs. BABITA VERMA Assistant Professor, Bhilai Institute Of Technology, DURG

Ms. MONIKA BHATNAGAR Assistant Professor, Technocrat Institute of Technology, BHOPAL

Ms. SUPRIYA RAHEJA Assistant Professor, CSE Department of ITM University, GURGAON




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Analyzed Traffic through switches in

the design of LANs using OPNET MODELER

Ishu Gupta

Asst. Prof. RIMT-MAEC, Mandi Gobindgarh

Punjab, India

Dr. Harsh Sadawarti

Professor & Principal RIMT-IET,

Mandi Gobindgarh Punjab, India

Dr. S. N. Panda

Professor & Principal RIMT-IMCT, Mandi Gobindgarh

Punjab, India

Title

Author(s)




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Abstract:

The corporate LAN has evolved from a passive background business component to a highly

active, highly visible core asset that enterprises rely on to support day-to-day operations critical

to their market success. Today’s network is a strategic instrument that must be accessible

anytime from anywhere—simultaneously offering fast, secure, reliable services at scale

regardless of location. It has also evolved from traditional client/server data flow support to

peer-to-peer flow support, and it must also accommodate an increasing number of devices and

services. The main aim of this research paper is to demonstrate the need for implementation of

switches in the design of LANs using OPNET-MODELER. The performance of a 16-station

LAN using first a simple hub, and then a switch and two hubs is compared. By analyzing the

graphs, it is concluded that traffic performance of a network after deploying switches is better.

Keywords: OPNET-MODELER, Traffic analysis, Switches over Hub, Design of LANs,

Performance of Switches.

INTRODUCTION:

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common

communications line or wireless link [5, 7]. Typically, connected devices share the resources of

a single processor or server within a small geographic area, for example, within an office

building. Usually, the server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by

multiple computer users. A local area network may serve as few as two or three users or as many

as thousands of users [1].

Utilization of Hub in LAN:

Networking hubs are central components of local area networks (LANs) [2, 4]. To understand

the role of networking hubs, a basic understanding of LANs is required. Whenever one or more

computers are networked together, a LAN is created. The purpose of joining computers together

in a LAN is to share resources like files, a printer, a scanner, or. There are four components in a

basic wired Hub network [3].




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1. Ethernet wire: This is the physical cable that links the computers together, enabling them to

talk to each other. The Ethernet cable, also called twisted pair, or 10-Base T, plugs into a

network card located in each computer on the LAN.

2. Network Interface Cards (NICs) : One of these cards goes into a vacant slot inside each

computer. The back of the card features a port for one end of an Ethernet cable. Newer

computers normally have a networking card built-in.

3. Networking Hubs: The networking hub is a junction box with several ports in the back for

receiving the Ethernet cables that are plugged into each computer on the LAN. With Ethernet

cables going from each NIC to the hub, all computers are connected to the hub.

4. Networking Software: Most operating systems today come with networking software built-

in, but the software is also available from third parties. The software works with the

hardware to create a networking environment on each computer, allowing the user to see

shared files and recourses. It also allows for administration of the network.

Utilization of Hub in LAN:

A network switch is a device that provides a switching function in a data communications

network. Data communication in a computer network involves the exchange of data between two

or more entities interconnected by communication links and sub networks. A network switch is

an intermediate station which interconnects the communication links and sub networks to enable

transmission of data between the end stations. Switching involves transferring information, such

as digital data packets or frames, among entities of the network. A switch functions as an

interchange and provides path switching for data being transported over a network [6, 8].

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION:

Procedure

In this first phase open and name the project and first simulation scenario. The first

simulation scenario will consist of 16 networked stations (PCs) and one hub. In this first

phase specify the geographic size of the network.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ethernet.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-should-i-consider-when-buying-a-network-card.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-computer.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-junction-box.htm




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To create our switched LAN:

Select Topology → Rapid Configuration. From the drop-down menu choose Star .Click

the Select Models button in the Rapid Configuration dialog box. From the Model List drop-

down menu choose ethernet . In the Rapid Configuration dialog box, set the following six

values:

Center Node Model= ethernet16_hub,

Periphery Node Model = ethernet_station,

Link Model =10BaseT, Number =16, Y=50, and Radius = 42

After creating the network, it should look like the network on Figure 1.

Figure 1: Scenario 1 of Ethernet network for 16 stations employing Hub

Configure the network nodes:

Right-click on any of the 16 stations (node_0 to node_15) →Select Similar Nodes.

Right-click on any of the 16 stations → Edit Attributes.

Check the Apply Changes to Selected Objects check box. Expand the hierarchies of the

Traffic Generation Parameters attribute and the Packet Generation Arguments attribute →

Set the following four values as shown in Figure 2.




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Figure 2: Packet Generation Arguments attribute

Choose Statistics

Right-click anywhere in the project workspace and select Choose Individual Statistics DES

from the pop-up menu. In the Choose Results dialog box, choose the statistics:

a. Traffic Received (in packets/sec) by the traffic sinks across all nodes.

b. Traffic Sent (in packets/sec) by the traffic sources across all nodes.

Duplicate the Scenario

To create another network that utilizes a switch and sees how it will affect the network

performance. To do that create a Duplicate of the current network. Place a hub and a switch

in the new scenario and Reconfigure the network of the Hub And Switch scenario so that it

looks like as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Scenario 2 of Ethernet network employing Hub and Switch

Run the Simulation

To run the simulation for both scenarios simultaneously:

Select Manage Scenarios from the Scenarios menu. Change the values under the Results

column to <collect>for both scenarios and set the duration to 2 minutes.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS:

View the Results

Select Compare Results from the Results menu. Change the drop-down menu in the lower-right

part of the Compare Results dialog box from As Is to time average.




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Select the Traffic Sent (packets/sec) statistics of both the scenarios and click Show. The graph is

as shown in Figure 4. By analyzing the graph, it is cleared that traffic sent in form of packets/sec

in both the scenarios 1 and 2 is same i.e. 750 packets/sec.

Ethernet network _Hub

Ethernet network _Hub & Switch

Figure 4: Graph comparing Traffic sent (Packets/sec) of both the scenarios

Now, Select the Traffic Received (packets/sec) statistics and the graph is as shown in Figure 5.

From the graph, it is cleared that in scenario 1 of Ethernet network employing only Hub, the

traffic received (packets/sec) is less as compared to traffic sent. There is some loss of packets.

But in Scenario 2 of Ethernet network employing Hub and Switch, the traffic received is same as

it is sent which means there is no packet loss.

Ethernet network _Hub

Ethernet network _Hub & Switch

Figure 5: Graph comparing Traffic received (Packets/sec) of both the scenarios




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RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:

By analyzing the graphs, it is observed that in Ethernet network employing only Hub, the traffic

received (packets/sec) is less as compared to traffic sent. There is some loss of packets. This is

because when a hub receives a packet of data at one of its ports from a PC on the network, it

transmits the packet to all of its ports and, thus, to all of the other PCs on the network. If two or

more PCs on the network try to send packets at the same time a collision is said to occur which

leads to packet loss.

But in Scenario 2 of Ethernet network employing Hub and Switch, the traffic received is same as

it is sent which means there is no packet loss. This demonstrates the need for implementation of

switches in the design of local area networks.

REFERENCES:

G. Chiola , G. Ciaccio, “Fast Barrier Synchronization on Shared Fast Ethernet”, In Proc. of

the 2nd International Workshop on Communication and Architectural Support for Network-

Based Parallel Computing (CANPC'98), number 1362 in Lecture Notes in Computer

Science, 1998, pp. 132--143, publisher by Springer.

Jerry Hutchison and D. Hutchison and Christopher Baldwin and Bruce W. Thompson,

“Development of the FDDI Physical Layer”, in Digital Technical Journal, 1991, volume 3.

Matt Welsh and Anindya Basu and Thorsten Von Eicken, “ATM and Fast Ethernet Network

Interfaces for User-level Communication”,In Proceedings of the Third International

Symposium on high Performance Computer Architecture,1997,pp. 332—342.

M. Acacio and O. Cánovas and J.M. García and P.E. López-de-Teruel, “An Evaluation of

Parallel Computing in PC Clusters with Fast Ethernet”, In Proc. of the ACPC 99, LNCS

1557, 1999,pp. 570—571.

Piyush Gupta and P. R. Kumar, “The capacity of wireless networks”, IEEE Transactions on

Information Theory, 2000, volume 46, pp. 388—404.

Raj Jain, “Error Characteristics of FDDI”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1988,

volume 38, pp 1244—1252.

Raj Jain, “Performance Analysis of FDDI”, in Digital Technical Journal, 1991, volume 3.




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2011

Sergio Marti and T. J. Giuli and Kevin Lai and Mary Baker, “ Mitigating Routing

Misbehavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON

MOBILE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING Handbook, publisher by ACM, 2000, pp

255—265.

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