international migration and development: global policies and implications for data collection bela...

International migration and International migration and development: Global policies and development: Global policies and

implications for data collectionimplications for data collectionBela Hovy, ChiefBela Hovy, ChiefMigration SectionMigration Section

Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESAUnited Nations, New YorkUnited Nations, New York

Training workshop on international migration statistics(ESCWA, DESA, ALO, MEDSTAT)

Cairo, Egypt, 30 June – 3 July 2009

United Nations United Nations Population Division/DESAPopulation Division/DESA

Presentation overviewPresentation overview

I. Defining international migration (1)II. Global migration trends (4)III. Global migration policies (3)IV. International migration and

development at the United Nations (2)V. Implications for data collection (4)VI. Conclusions (1)


Defining international migration

Stocks and flows• Stocks: population at a certain date• Flows: movement during a certain period

Long-term (>1 yr) and short-term (<1 yr) Voluntary and forced

• Long-term settlement, work, study, family, …• Conflict, persecution, natural disasters, …

Legal and illegal (irregular) Spontaneous or organized


No. of international migrants rises, No. of international migrants rises, but stable as % of total populationbut stable as % of total population

75 78 81 8799

111

155165

177191

-

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

No

. o

f in

tern

ati

on

al m

igra

nts

(m

ln.)

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

% in

tern

ati

on

al m

igra

nts

No. of international migrants

Percentage


International migrants concentrated International migrants concentrated in limited number of countriesin limited number of countries


Most migrants are Most migrants are inin the North the North (61%), but (61%), but fromfrom the South (65%) the South (65%)

53 million53 millionNorth

South61 million61 million

62

million

62

million

14 m

illion

14 m

illion

North

South


Remittances received by the South Remittances received by the South show a sharp rise show a sharp rise

(Source: World Bank, in billions of US dollars)

31 34 40 4253

6272 69 73 77

8599

116

160 167

57

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005


Fewer Governments want to reduce Fewer Governments want to reduce their immigration levelstheir immigration levels

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Lower Maintain Nointervention

Raise

1996 2001 2003 2005

% countries


National immigration policiesNational immigration policies

Policies become Policies become lessless restrictive restrictive New policies allow for New policies allow for selectiveselective

migration of skilled migrationmigration of skilled migration New policies to develop New policies to develop temporarytemporary

(circular) migration schemes(circular) migration schemes Great Great diversitydiversity of policy positions of policy positions


Main international instrumentsStates

Party

- 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 37

- 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 144

- 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 144

- 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children 123

- 2000 Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea 114

- 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 62

- 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 34


International migration and development International migration and development United Nations General Assembly United Nations General Assembly

International Conference on Population and Development, 1994 (ICPD, Cairo)

High-level Dialogue, 2006• Global Forum on Migration and Development (‘07-’12)• Special Representative of the Secretary-General• Global Migration Group (13 UN agencies and IOM)

One-day informal thematic debate, 2011

High-Level Dialogue, 2013


Global Forum on Migration and DevelopmentGlobal Forum on Migration and DevelopmentAthens, 2 – 5 November, 2009Athens, 2 – 5 November, 2009

Theme: Integrating migration policies into development strategies for the benefit of all

Civil Society Days (2-3 Nov)

Roundtables (4-5 Nov)• 1. Migration, development and achieving MDGs

(development planning; diaspora; financial crisis)

• 2. Integration, return and circulation for development

• 3. Policy, institutional coherence, partnerships


Policy focusPolicy focus SourceSource

Transnational communitiesTransnational communities Census / pop. register Census / pop. register (ori./dest.), consulates(ori./dest.), consulates

RemittancesRemittances SNA, central bank, surveysSNA, central bank, surveys

Circular and return migrationCircular and return migration ??

Labour export (incl. highly-skilled Labour export (incl. highly-skilled migration [brain drain])migration [brain drain])

Employment abroad agency, Employment abroad agency, consulates, census (dest.)consulates, census (dest.)

Irregular migrationIrregular migration Combining census and adm. Combining census and adm. sourcessources

Trafficking and smugglingTrafficking and smuggling Min. of labour, immigrationMin. of labour, immigration

Refugees and asylumRefugees and asylum National RSD procedures, National RSD procedures, UNHCRUNHCR

Immigration / labour importImmigration / labour import Work permits, residence Work permits, residence permits, visa, registerspermits, visa, registers

Causes and impact of Causes and impact of international migrationinternational migration

Surveys comparing migrants Surveys comparing migrants and non-migrantsand non-migrants


RecommendationsRecommendations(CGD Commission)(CGD Commission)

Include basic questions in census and Include basic questions in census and disseminate results quickly and in detaildisseminate results quickly and in detail

Compile and publish relevant Compile and publish relevant administrative dataadministrative data

Include migration modules in existing Include migration modules in existing household surveys (LFS, MICS, LSMS, …) household surveys (LFS, MICS, LSMS, …)

Provide access to micro-dataProvide access to micro-data Build institutional capacityBuild institutional capacity


International migrant stock from India International migrant stock from India by country of birth or citizenship, latest available databy country of birth or citizenship, latest available data

No data

0 - 999

1,000 – 9,999

10,000 – 99,999

100,000 and over


The bottom lineThe bottom line

1)1) International migration no longer International migration no longer “business as usual” (“business as usual” (policypolicy main driver) main driver)

2)2) Time to act is Time to act is nownow (2010 census round) (2010 census round)

3)3) Progress is Progress is easyeasy: “low hanging fruit”: “low hanging fruit”

If we fail NOW, it will take another 10 If we fail NOW, it will take another 10 years before similar opportunityyears before similar opportunity

Questions? Comments?Questions? Comments?

www.unmigration.orgwww.unmigration.org

[email protected]@un.org

international migration and development: global policies and implications for data collection bela...

Documents

global migration policies

global migration trends

international migrationstocks

international migrantssheet175

international migrants75

international migrants

global policies

development strategies