International migration data in the case of South Africa

A presentation made at the Workshop on strengthening the collection and use of international migration data for development held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

18 – 21 November 2014

Censuses and intercensal household surveys

Censuses/intercensal household surveys International migration questions Data issues and findings Impact of unaccounted for international migration Way forward

Limitations

Presentation outline

South Africa has undertaken three censuses and one large intercensal

household survey, namely Community Survey 2007

The preparations for the forthcoming 2016 Community Survey are on-

going

The focus on international migration has been on balancing the numbers

of immigrants and the already stretched public resources

While South Africa has had its share of the health personnel brain drain,

many South Africans returned back at the time of global financial

problem

Submissions of numbers of South African living abroad by destination

countries are minimal, estimated at around 250 000 per year

Distribution of tourists by region of residence, 2013

The South Africa I know, the home I understand

Overseas; 2 660 631 (27,9%)

Unspecified; 19 885 (0,2%)

SADC; 6 618 866; (69,4%)

‘Other’ Africa; 237 186 (2,5%)

Africa; 6 856 052 (71,9%)

Impacts of immigration on the South African population structure

• The fertility transition

• The demographic dividend

• Measuring mortality rates from vital register

• The age structure of the population

Impacts of international immigration in South Africa

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Popu

latio

n

Age Population register 2011 Observed census 2011 2011 PES population

Impact of immigration in South Africa

Census 1996

Census 2001 Census 2011

PLACE OF BIRTH Was (the person) born in South Africa? (Include the former Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei - TBVC states)

1 = Yes 2 = No

Was (the person) born in South Africa? (Include the former Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei - TBVC states)

1 = Yes 2 = No

COUNTRY OF BIRTH (If “No”) In what country was the person born? (If “No”) In what country was the person born?

(If “born outside SA”) In which country was the person born?

YEAR MOVED TO SOUTH AFRICA Question not asked Question not asked In which year did (name) move to South Africa? Responses accepted from 1996 onwards

CITIZENSHIP Is (the person) a citizen of: 1 = South Africa only (including the former TBVC states)? 2 = South Africa and another country (dual citizenship)? 3 = Another country only?

(If dual citizenship or citizenship of another country) What is the name of the country?

Is (the person) a South African citizen?

1 = Yes 2 = No

If no, What is the name of the country of Citizenship?

Is (name) a South African citizen? 1 = Yes 2 = No

Is (the person) a migrant worker? (Someone who is absent from home FOR MORE THAN A MONTH each year to work or to seek work.) 1 = Yes 2 = No

Question not asked Question not asked

Findings Censuses 1996, 2001 and 2011

Country of birth for labour migrants: Census 1996

Country of birth N % Lesotho 72 861 40.8 Mozambique 64 581 36.2 Swaziland 12 529 7.0 Zimbabwe 7 936 4.4 Botswana 6 574 3.7 Europe 3 769 2.1 Rest of Africa 1 987 1.1 Malawi 1 752 1.0 Asia 1 334 0.7 Namibia 732 0.4 Central and South America 493 0.3 Angola 444 0.2 Mauritius 407 0.2 Zambia 406 0.2 Zaire 328 0.2 North America 107 0.1 Australia and New Zealand 63 0.0 Seychelles 18 0.0 Tanzania 18 0.0 Other 2 197 1.2 Non-stated 7 472 4.2 Total 178 536 100.0

Region of birth by year moved to South Africa: Census 2011

Region

Year moved

1996-1999 2000-2003 2004-2007 2008-2011

%

SADC 81.2 79.0 80.4 80.6

Rest of Africa 7.5 10.0 10.1 9.8 United Kingdom and Europe 4.7 4.4 3.2 3.4

Asia 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.5

North America 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 Latin America and Caribbean 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Oceania 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Non-stated 9.7 10.5 8.6 14.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

The ten leading countries of birth for male immigrants: Census 2011

Country of birth

1996-1999 Country of birth

2000-2003 Country of birth

2004-2007 Country of birth

2008-2011

N % N % N % N %

Mozambique 32 332 37.9 Zimbabwe 35 660 29.2 Zimbabwe 95 741 41.6 Zimbabwe 192 837 40.5

Zimbabwe 17 611 20.6 Mozambique 33 880 27.7 Mozambique 44 156 19.2 Mozambique 81 129 17.0

Lesotho 8 182 9.6 Lesotho 10 838 8.9 Lesotho 14 774 6.4 Malawi 38 374 8.1

Malawi 4 730 5.5 Malawi 6 350 5.2 Malawi 13 346 5.8 Lesotho 27 580 5.8

India 1 570 1.8 Nigeria 3 402 2.8 Nigeria 5 135 2.2 Ethiopia 16 799 3.5

Swaziland 1 564 1.8 DRC 2 791 2.3 Ethiopia 4 936 2.1 Somalia 13 220 2.8

United Kingdom 1 522 1.8 Congo 2 593 2.1 Somalia 4 623 2.0 Bangladesh 12 892 2.7

Nigeria 1 495 1.8 Pakistan 2 533 2.1 Congo 4 594 2.0 Nigeria 9 553 2.0

Namibia 1 333 1.6 United Kingdom 2 163 1.8 DRC 4 494 2.0 Swaziland 7 261 1.5

Pakistan 1 216 1.4 Swaziland 1 967 1.6 Bangladesh 4 483 1.9 India 7 162 1.5

Other countries 13 776 16.1 Other countries 20 123 16.5 Other countries 33 831 14.7 Other countries 69 693 14.6

Non-stated 6 968 8.2 Non-stated 11 554 9.4 Non-stated 17 562 7.6 Non-stated 65 896 13.8

Total 85 331 100.0 Total 122 300 100.0 Total 230 113 100.0 Total 476 500 100.0

The ten leading countries of birth for female immigrants: Census 2011

Country of birth

1996-1999

Country of birth

2000-2003

Country of birth

2004-2007

Country of birth

2008-2011

N % N % N % N %

Zimbabwe 9 737 24.3 Zimbabwe 21 839 33.1 Zimbabwe 64 948 47.7 Zimbabwe 163 090 49.5

Mozambique 9 210 23.0 Mozambique 13 397 20.3 Mozambique 20 124 14.8 Mozambique 51 964 15.8

Lesotho 7 607 19.0 Lesotho 10 206 15.5 Lesotho 16 969 12.5 Lesotho 34 353 10.4

Malawi 1 189 3.0 Swaziland 1 714 2.6 Congo 3 097 2.3 Malawi 11 845 3.6

Swaziland 1 122 2.8 United Kingdom 1 688 2.6 Malawi 3 010 2.2 Swaziland 7 213 2.2

India 1 081 2.7 Congo 1 642 2.5 DRC 2 999 2.2 Congo 4 828 1.5

United Kingdom 929 2.3 Malawi 1 431 2.2 Swaziland 2 472 1.8 India 4 411 1.3

Namibia 925 2.3 DRC 1 300 2.0 India 2 280 1.7 DRC 3 882 1.2

Zambia 854 2.1 India 1 258 1.9 Nigeria 1 656 1.2 Nigeria 3 688 1.1

China 665 1.7 Zambia 1 206 1.8 United Kingdom 1 644 1.2 United Kingdom 3 604 1.1

Other countries 6 777 16.9 Other countries 10 253 15.6 Other countries 17 030 12.5 Other countries 40 518 12.3

Non-stated 4 900 12.2 Non-stated 7 819 11.9 Non-stated 13 293 9.8 Non-stated 45 412 13.8

Total 40 096 100.0 Total 65 934 100.0 Total 136 229 100.0 Total 329 396 100.0

Africa

% of the total 2010

arrivals

Zimbabwe 39,2

Mozambique 14,2

Malawi 7,1

Lesotho 6,3

Somalia 2,8

Ethiopia 2,5

Swaziland 1,6

Nigeria 1,3

Congo 1,2

DRC 1,2

The ten leading countries from Africa region

Census 2011 data recorded 188 598 persons who were born outside South Africa, moved to the country in 2010

Overseas

% of the total 2010

arrivals

Bangladesh 2,2

Pakistan 1,4

India 1,4

China 0,9

United Kingdom 0,8

Germany 0,4

USA 0,3

France 0,2

Switzerland 0,1

Brazil 0,1

The ten leading countries from overseas region

Census 2011 data recorded 188 598 persons who were born outside South Africa, moved to the country in 2010

Place of birth by South African citizenship status

SA citizenship status

Place of birth Yes No Non-stated Not applicable Total

Foreign born 590 473 1 549 051 60 346 0 2 199 871

Born in SA 47 823 757 110 039 149 932 0 48 083 729

Non-stated 534 933 28 183 168 504 0 731 621

Not applicable 175 4 968 138 750 060 755 340

Limitations & summary

Thank You