international phonetic alphabet
TRANSCRIPT
International Phonetic Alphabet
LING101September 2, 2009
Quickwrite #2
• The international phonetic alphabet (IPA) was developed so that phoneticians can transcribe the speech sounds of all languages. Why did they have to invent a new system? For example, why couldn’t they use the English writing system?
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
• The goal is to unambiguously transcribe the speech sounds of all languages– Alphabetic writing systems can only represent the
sounds of their language– Letter to sound correspondence is frequently
ambiguous
English Consonants in IPAp pill t till k kill
b bill d dill g gill
m mill n nil ŋ ring
f feel s seal h heal
v veal z zeal l leaf
θ thigh t7ʃ chill ɹ reef
ð thy ʤ Jill j you
ʃ shill ʍ which w witch
ʒ measure
English Vowels in IPAi beet I bit
e bait ɛ bet
u boot ʊ foot
o boat ɔ bore
æ bat a pot/bar
ʌ butt ə sofa
aj bite aw bout
ɔj boy
Digression: California Vowel Shift
• http://www.stanford.edu/~eckert/vowels.html• http://www.npr.org/templates/player/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=1693373&m=1693374
More IPA
• IPA chart (you can hear the sounds that each symbol represents)
• Find the IPA symbols for sounds of English
Phonemes and allophones
• No two phones are really the same– Different speaker– Same word, same speaker
• If substituting one phone for another does not change the meaning, two phones belong to an abstract unit called phoneme
• We will study more about phonemes when we discuss phonology
Broad and narrow transcription
• An utterance can be phonetically transcribed differently depending on how detailed the transcription is
• At one end of the spectrum, one can simply write down the phonemes– [bʌtəɹ]
• One can transcribe the utterance in greater phonetic detail• [bʌɾəɹ]
IPA to English
• [bit]• [lædəɹ]• [mʌŋki]• [ɵɹu]• [ʃap]• [koʧ]
English to IPA
• cough• huge• rhythm• slyly• child• easy• February• gauge• monk
• leather• pushed• whale• vegetable• torque• raspberry• carton• seizure• thief