international politics and warfare in the · pdf filea bibliography of diplomatic and military...

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INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND WARFARE IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN

EUROPE

A Bibliography of Diplomatic and Military Studies

William Young

Chapter 3

Italian and Habsburg-Valois Wars (1494-1559)

Europe (1494-1559) Anderson, Matthew Smith. The Origins of the Modern European State System,

1494-1618. The Modern European State System series. London: Longman, 1998.

Bonney, Richard. “Europe in the Age of the Italian Wars, 1494-1559.” Chapter 2 in The European Dynastic States, 1494-1660. The Short Oxford History of the Modern World series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Creighton, Mandell. A History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome. Six volumes. New edition. London: Longman, Green and Co., 1897.

Edwards, John. The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520. History of Spain series. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.

Elton, Geoffrey R. Reformation Europe, 1517-1559. Blackwell Classic Histories of Europe series. Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.

__________, editor. The Reformation, 1520-1559. Volume 2 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958.

__________, editor. The Reformation, 1520-1559. Second edition. Volume 2 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Jones, Martin D.W. Clash of Empires: Europe, 1498-1560. Cambridge Perspectives in History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Knecht, Robert J. The Rise and Fall of Renaissance France. Blackwell Classic Histories of Europe series. Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.

Koenigsberger, Helmut Georg. “The Empire of Charles V in Europe.” In The Reformation, 1520-1559. Volume 2 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by Geoffrey R. Elton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958; reprinted in Habsburgs and Europe, 1516-1660. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971.

Laven, Peter. Renaissance Italy, 1464-1534. Landmarks in European History series. London: B.T. Batsford, 1966.

Lee, Stephen. “The Italian War and the Habsburg-Valois Struggle, 1494-1559.” Chapter 8 in Aspects of European History 1494-1789. Second edition. London: Methuen, 1984; reprint, London: Routledge, 1990.

Mulgan, Catherine. The Renaissance Monarchies, 1469-1558. Cambridge Perspectives in History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Potter, George Richard, editor. The Renaissance, 1493-1520. Volume 1 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Richardson, Glenn. Renaissance Monarchy: The Reigns of Henry VIII, Francis I and Charles V. London: Hodder Education, 2002.

Spitz, Lewis William. The Protestant Reformation, 1517-1559. The Rise of Modern Europe series. New York: Harper and Row, 1985.

Ward, Adolphus William, George Walter Prothero, and Stanley Leathes, editors. The Renaissance. Volume 1 in The Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1902.

__________, editors. The Reformation. Volume 2 in The Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1903.

Diplomacy and Diplomats Hale, John Rigby. “International Relations in the West: Diplomacy and

War.” In The Renaissance, 1493-1520. Volume 1 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by George R. Potter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

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Levin, Michael J. “A Spanish Eye on Italy: Spanish Ambassadors in the Sixteenth Century.” Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1997.

__________. Agents of Empire: Spanish Ambassadors in Sixteenth-Century Italy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.

__________. “Diego Guzmán de Silva and Sixteenth-Century Venice: A Case Study in Structural Intelligence Failure.” In The Dangerous Trade: Spies, Spymasters, and the Making of Europe. Edited by Daniel Szechi. Dundee: Dundee University Press, 2010.

Mattingly, Garrett. Renaissance Diplomacy. London: Jonathan Cape, 1955; reprint, New York: Cosimo, 2010.

MacMahon, Luke. “Courtesy and Conflict: The English of English Diplomatic Personnel at the Court of Francis I.” In The English Experience in France c.1450-1558: War, Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange. Edited by David Grummitt. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2002.

Queller, Donald E. “The Development of Ambassadorial Relazioni.” In Renaissance Venice. Edited by John R. Hale. London: Faber and Faber 1973.

Richardson, Glenn. “Entertainments for the French Ambassador at the Court of Henry VIII.” Renaissance Studies 4 (December 1995): 404-15.

Military and Naval Affairs Adair, Edward Robert. AEnglish Galleys in the Sixteenth Century.@ The

English Historical Review 35 (October 1920): 497-512. Arfaioli, Maurizio. The Black Bands of Giovanni: Infantry and Diplomacy

during the Italian Wars (1526-1528). Pisa: Pisa University Press, 2005. __________. “The Road to Naples: Florence, the Black Bands and the Army

of the League of Cognac (1526-1528).” Ph.D. thesis, University of Warwick, 2001.

Arnold, Thomas F. “Fortifications and Statecraft of the Gonzaga, 1530-1630.” Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 1993.

__________. Renaissance at War. Cassell History of Warfare series. London: Cassell, 2001.

__________. “War in Sixteenth-Century Europe: Revolution and Renaissance.” In European Warfare 1453-1815. Edited by Jeremy Black. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

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Balard, Michel. “Genoese Naval Forces in the Mediterranean during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Warfare in History series. Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

Black, Jeremy. “European Warfare 1494-1559.” Chapter 5 in European Warfare, 1494-1660. Warfare and History series. London: Routledge, 2002.

__________. “Warfare in Europe, 1494-1600.” Chapter 3 in The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Bury, John. “Early Writing on Fortification and Siegecraft, 1502-1554.” Fort: The International Journal of Fortifications and Military Architecture 13 (1985): 5-48.

Childs, David. Tudor Sea Power: The Foundation of Greatness. Barnsley, England: Seaforth, 2009.

Contente Domingues, Francisco. “The State of Portuguese Naval Forces in the Sixteenth Century.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Warfare in History series. Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

Cooper, Jonathan. Scottish Renaissance Army, 1513-1550. Elite series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2008.

Cornish, Paul. Henry VIII’s Army. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1987.

Donnelly, John. “A Study of Coastal Forts built by Henry VIII.” Fort: The International Journal of Fortifications and Military Architecture 10 (1982): 105-26.

Gilbert, Felix. AMachiavelli: The Renaissance of the Art of War.@ In Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Edited by Peter Paret, Gordon A. Craig, and Felix Gilbert. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.

Glete, Jan. “Naval Power and Control of the Sea in the Baltic in the Sixteenth Century.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Warfare in History series. Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

Guilmartin, John F., Jr. Galleons and Galleys. Cassell History of Warfare series. London: Cassell, 2002.

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__________. Gunpowder and Galleys: Changing Technology and Mediterranean Warfare in the Sixteenth Century. Revised edition. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2003.

__________. “The Early Provision of Artillery Armament on Mediterranean War Galleys.” The Mariner’s Mirror 59 (August 1973): 257-80; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

__________. “The Logistics of Warfare at Sea in the Sixteenth Century: The Spanish Perspective.” In Feeding Mars: Logistics in Western Warfare from the Middle Ages to the Present. History in Warfare series. Edited by John A. Lynn. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Hale, John Rigby. AArmies, Navies, and the Art of War.” In The Reformation, 1520-1559. Volume 2 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by Geoffrey R. Elton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958.

__________. ABrescia and the Venetian Militia System in the Cinquecento.@ In Armi e cultura nel Bresciano, 1420-1870. Edited by Ateneao di Brescia. Brescia: Ateneao di Brescia, 1981.

__________. AFrancesco Tensini and the Fortification of Vicenza.@ Studi Veneziani 10 (1968): 231-89; reprinted in Renaissance War Studies. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

__________. AMen and Weapons: The Fighting Potential of Sixteenth Century Venetian Galleys.@ War and Society: A Yearbook of Military History. Edited by Brian Bond and Ian Roy. London: Croom Helm, 1975; reprinted in Renaissance War Studies. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

__________. Renaissance Fortification: Art or Engineering? London: Thames and Hudson, 1977.

__________. Renaissance War Studies. History series. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

__________. “Terra Ferma Fortifications in the Cinquecento.” In Florence and Venice: Comparisons and Relations. 2 volumes. Edited by Sergio Bertelli, Nicolai Rubinstein, and Craig Hugh Smyth. Florence, Italy: La Nuova Itealia, 1978.

__________. AThe Early Development of the Bastion: An Italian Chronology, c.1450-c.1534.@ In Europe in the Late Middle Ages. Edited by John R. Hale, John Roger Loxdale Highfield, and Beryl Smalley.

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London: Faber and Faber, 1965; reprinted in Renaissance War Studies. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

__________. AThe End of Florentine Liberty: The Fortezza da Basso.@ In Florentine Studies: Politics and Society in Renaissance Florence. Edited by Nicolai Rubinstein. London: Faber, 1968; reprinted in Renaissance War Studies. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

__________. ATo Fortify or Not to Fortify? Machiavelli=s Contribution to a Renaissance Debate.@ In Essays in Honour of John Humphreys Whitfield. Edited by Henry Clayton Davis. London: St. George=s Press, 1975; reprinted in Renaissance War Studies. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

__________. ATudor Fortifications, 1485-1558.@ In History of the King=s Works. Edited by Howard Colvin. London: Her Majesty=s Stationery Office, 1982; reprinted in Renaissance War Studies. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

Harrington, Peter. The Castles of Henry VIII. Fortress series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2007.

Hoyer, Siegfried. AArms and Military Organization in the German Peasant War.@ In The German Peasant War of 1525: New Viewpoints. Edited by Robert W. Scribner and Gerhard Benecke. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1979.

Knighton, C.S. and David Loades, editors. The Navy of Edward VI and Mary I. Navy Record Society Publications series. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2011.

Loades, David. The Tudor Navy: An Administrative, Political, and Military History. Studies in Naval History series. Cambridge: Scholar Press, 1992.

Loewe, Karl von. AMilitary Service in Early Sixteenth-Century Lithuania: A New Interpretation and Its Implications.@ Slavic Review 30 (June 1971): 249-56.

MacMahon, Luke. “Chivalry, Military Professionalism and the Early Tudor Army in Renaissance Europe: A Reassessment.” In The Chivalric Ethos and the Development of Military Professionalism. History of Warfare series. Edited by David J.B. Trim. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2003.

Mallett, Michael E. and John Rigby Hale. The Military Organization of a Renaissance State: Venice, c.1400 to 1617. Cambridge Studies in Early

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Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Miller, Douglas. Armies of the German Peasants War, 1524-1526. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2003.

__________. Landsknechts. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1976.

Murdoch, Steve. “Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1560.” Chapter 1 in The Terror of the Seas? Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2010.

Oman, Charles William Chadwick. A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century. London: Methuen, 1937; reprint, London: Greenhill, 1989; reprint, Mechanicsburgh, Pennsylvania: Stackpole, 1999.

Padfield, Peter. Tide of Empires: Decisive Naval Campaigns in the Rise of the West, Volume I: 1481-1654. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Parker, Geoffrey. “Dynastic War 1494-1660.” Chapter 9 in Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare. Edited by Geoffrey Parker. Revised edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Pepper, Simon. “Firepower in the Design of Renaissance Fortifications.” Fort: The International Journal of Fortifications and Military Architecture 10 (1982): 93-104.

__________. “Italian Renaissance Fortifications.” Fort: The International Journal of Fortifications and Military Architecture 1 (Spring 1976): 29-33.

__________. AMilitary Architecture in Baroque Europe.@ In The Triumph of the Baroque: Architecture in Europe, 1600-1750. Edited by H. Millon. New York: Rizzoli, 1999.

__________. “Planning versus Fortification: Sangallo’s Project for the Defence of Rome.” Fort: The International Journal of Fortifications and Military Architecture 2 (1976): 33-52.

__________. ASiege Law, Siege Ritual, and the Symbolism of Walled Cities in Renaissance Europe. In City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective. Studies in Comparative Early Modern History series. Edited by James D. Tracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

__________. “Sword and Spade: Military Construction in Renaissance Italy.” Construction History 16 (2000): 13-32; reprinted in Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1450-1660. International Library of Essays on

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Military History series. Edited by Paul E.J. Hammer. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007.

__________ and Nicholas Adams. Firearms and Fortifications: Military Architecture and Siege Warfare in Sixteenth-Century Siena. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

Potter, David. “Chivalry and Professionalism in the French Armies of the Renaissance.” In The Chivalric Ethos and the Development of Military Professionalism. History of Warfare series. Edited by David J.B. Trim. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2002.

__________. Renaissance France at War: Armies, Culture, and Society, c.1480-1560. Warfare in History series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2008.

__________. “The International Mercenary Market in the Sixteenth Century: Anglo-French Competition in Germany, 1543-1550.” The English Historical Review 111 (February 1996): 24-58; reprinted in Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1450-1660. International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Paul E.J. Hammer. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007.

Raymond, James. “Henry VIII and the English Military Establishment.” Archives 128 (October 2003): 97-112.

__________. Henry VIII’s Military Revolution: The Armies of Sixteenth-Century Britain and Europe. International Library of Historical Studies series. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.

Richards, John. Landsknecht, 1486-1560. Warrior series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2002.

Rodger, Nicholas Andrew Martin. “The New Atlantic: Naval Warfare in the Sixteenth Century.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. History of Warfare series. Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

Roy, Ian, editor. Blaise de Monluc: The Habsburg-Valois Wars and the French Wars of Religion. Military Memoirs series. London: Longman, 1971.

Shelby, Lonnie Royce. John Rogers, Tudor Military Engineer. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1967.

Sicking, Louis. “Naval Power in the Netherlands before the Dutch Revolt.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. History of Warfare series. Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

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__________. Neptune and the Netherlands: State, Economy, and War at Sea in the Renaissance. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2004.

Smith, Dianne L. AMuscovite Logistics, 1462-1598.@ The Slavonic and East European Review 71 (January 1993): 35-65.

Taylor, Frederck L. The Art of War in Italy, 1494-1529. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1921; reprinted as The Art of War in Italy, 1494-1529: The Transition from Medieval to Modern Warfare during the Renaissance. Driffield, England: Leonaur, 2012.

France, Spain, and the Italian Wars (1494-1516) Abulafia, David. “Ferdinand the Catholic and the Kingdom of Naples.” In

Italy and the European Powers, 1500-1530. History of Warfare series. Edited by Christine Shaw. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

__________, editor. The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

Ady, Cecilia M. AThe Invasions of Italy.@ In The Renaissance, 1493-1520. Volume 1 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by George R. Potter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Anderson, Matthew Smith. “The Birth of Valois-Habsburg Rivalry, 1494-1529.” Chapter 4 in The Origins of the Modern European State System, 1494-1618. The Modern European State System series. London: Longman, 1998.

Antonovics, Atis. “Hommes de guerre et Gens de finance: The Inquest on the French Defeat in Naples, 1503-1504.” In Italy and the European Powers, 1500-1530. History of Warfare series. Edited by Christine Shaw. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

Armstrong, C.A.J. “The Burgundian Netherlands, 1477-1521.” In The Renaissance, 1493-1520. Volume 1 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by George R. Potter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Batista i Roca, Josep Maria. “The Hispanic Kingdoms and the Catholics Kings.” In The Renaissance, 1493-1520. Volume 1 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by George R. Potter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

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Baumgartner, Frederic J. “Julius II: Prince, Patron, Pastor.” In The Papacy since 1500: From Italian Prince to Universal Pastor. Edited by James Corkery and Thomas Worcester. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

__________. Louis XII. New York: St. Martin=s Press, 1994. Benecke, Gerhard. Maximilian I, 1459-1519: An Analytical Biography.

London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982. Blanchard, Joël. “Political and Cultural Implications of Secret Diplomacy:

Commynes and Ferrara in the Light of Unpublished Documents.” In The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Edited by David Abulafia. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

Bridge, John Seargeant Cyprian. A History of France from the Death of Louis XI. 5 volumes. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1921-36.

Chambers, David S. AFrancesco II Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, >Liberator of Italy.=@ In The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Edited by David Abulafia. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

__________. Popes, Cardinals and Wars: The Military Church in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe. London: I.B. Tauris, 2006.

Clough, Cecil H. AThe Romagna Campaign of 1494: A Significant Military Encounter.@ In The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Edited by David Abulafia. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

Dean, Trevor. “After the War of Ferrara: Relations between Venice and Ercole d’Este, 1484-1505.” In War, Culture and Society in Renaissance Venice: Essays in Honour of John Hale. Edited by David S. Chambers, Cecil H. Clough, and Michael E. Mallett. London: Hambledon, 1993.

Doucet, R. “France under Charles VIII and Louis XII.” In The Renaissance, 1493-1520. Volume 1 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by George R. Potter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Duffy, Christopher. “Fortress Warfare in Renaissance Italy.” Chapter 1 in Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494-1660. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Finlay, Robert. “Fabius Maximus in Venice: Doge Andrea Gritti, the War of Cambrai, and the Rise of Habsburg Hegemony, 1509-1530.” Renaissance Quarterly 53 (Winter 2000): 988-1031; reprinted in Venice

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Besieged: Politics and Diplomacy in the Italian Wars, 1494-1534. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.

__________. “The Immortal Republic: The Myth of Venice during the Italian Wars (1494-1530).” The Sixteenth Century Journal 30 (December 1999): 931-44; reprinted in Venice Besieged: Politics and Diplomacy in the Italian Wars, 1494-1534. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.

__________. Venice Besieged: Politics and Diplomacy in the Italian Wars, 1494-1534. Variorum Collected Studies Series. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.

__________. “Venice, the Po Expedition, and the End of the League of Cambrai, 1509-1510.” Studies in Modern European History and Culture 2 (1976): 37-72; reprinted in Venice Besieged: Politics and Diplomacy in the Italian Wars, 1494-1534. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.

Gaury, Gerald de. The Grand Captain: Gonzalo de Cordoba. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1955.

Gilbert, Felix. The Pope, His Banker and Venice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Giry-Deloison, Charles. “France and England at Peace, 1475-1513.” In “The Contending Kingdoms”: France and England 1420-1700. Edited by Glenn Richardson. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.

Guicciardini, Francesco. The History of Italy. Translated by Sidney Alexander. New York: Macmillan, 1969.

Hale, John Rigby. “Castiglione’s Military Career.” Italian Studies 36 (1981): 41-57; reprinted in Castiglione: The Ideal and the Real in Renaissance Culture. Edited by Robert W. Hanning and David Rosand. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

__________. Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy. Teach Yourself History series. London: English Universities Press, 1961.

__________. “Renaissance Armies and Political Control: The Venetian Proveditorial System, 1509-1529.” Journal of Italian History 2 (Spring 1979): 11-31.

Hare, Christopher. Maximilian the Dreamer: Holy Roman Emperor, 1459-1519. London: Stanley Paul and Co., 1913.

Hibbert, Christopher. The Borgias and their Enemies, 1431-1519. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt, 2008.

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Kidwell, Carol. AVenice, the French Invasion and the Apulian Ports.@ In The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Edited by David Abulafia. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

Laffan, R.G.D. “The Empire under Maximilian I.” In The Renaissance, 1493-1520. Volume 1 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by George R. Potter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Leathes, Stanley. “Habsburg and Valois.” In In The Reformation. Volume 2 in The Cambridge Modern History. Edited by Adolphus William Ward, George Walter Prothero, and Stanley Leathes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1903.

__________. “Italy and Her Invaders.” In The Renaissance. Volume 1 in The Cambridge Modern History. Edited by Adolphus William Ward, George Walter Prothero, and Stanley Leathes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1902.

Lloyd, H. “Louis XII: Medieval King or Renaissance Monarch?” History Today 42 (February 1992): 17-23.

Mallett, Michael E. APersonalities and Pressures: Italian Involvement in the French Invasion of 1494.@ In The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Edited by David Abulafia. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

__________. The Borgias: The Rise and Fall of a Renaissance Dynasty. London: Bodley Head, 1969.

__________. “The Transformation of War, 1494-1530.” In Italy and the European Powers, 1500-1530. History of Warfare series. Edited by Christine Shaw. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

__________ and John Rigby Hale. The Military Organization of a Renaissance State: Venice, c.1400 to 1617. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

__________ and Christine Shaw. The Italian Wars, 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe. Modern Wars in Perspective series. Harlow, England: Pearson, 2012.

Nicolle, David. Fornovo 1495: France=s Bloody Fighting Retreat. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1996.

Pepper, Simon. ACastles and Cannon in the Naples Campaign of 1494-1495.@ In The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Edited by David Abulafia. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

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__________. “The Face of the Siege: Fortifications, Tactics and Strategy in the Early Italian Wars.” In Italy and the European Powers, 1500-1530. History of Warfare series. Edited by Christine Shaw. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

Potter, David. Renaissance France at War: Armies, Culture, and Society, c.1480-1560. Warfare in History series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2008.

Powell, Michael R. AThe Military Capacity of the Milanese State under Ludovico il `Moro.@ Ph.D. dissertation, University of Warwick, 2000.

Renzulli, Eva. “Loreto, Leo X and the Fortifications on the Adriatic Coast against the Infidel.” In Italy and the European Powers, 1500-1530. History of Warfare series. Edited by Christine Shaw. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

Santosuosso, Antonio. AAnatomy of Defeat in Renaissance Italy: The Battle of Fornovo in 1495.@ The International History Review 16 (May 1994): 221-50.

Seton-Watson, Robert William. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Westminster, England: Archibald Constable and Co., 1902.

Shaw, Christine, editor. Italy and the European Powers, 1500-1530. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

__________. Julius II: The Warrior Pope. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993. __________. “The Papacy and the European Powers.” In Italy and the

European Powers, 1500-1530. History of Warfare series. Edited by Christine Shaw. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

__________. “The Political Role of the Orsini Family in the Papal States, c.1480-1534.” D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 1983.

__________. The Political Role of the Orsini Family from Sixtus IV to Clement VII: Barons and Factions in the Papal States. Nuovi Studi Storci series. Rome, Italy: Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo, 2007.

__________. AThe Roman Barons and the French Descent into Italy.@ In The French Descent into Renaissance Italy, 1494-1495: Antecedents and Effects. Edited by David Abulafia. Aldershot, England: Variorum, 1995.

__________. “The Roman Barons and the Security of the Papal States.” In Condottiere e uomini d’arme nell’Italia del Rinascimento. Edited by M. Del Treppo. Naples, Italy: Liguori, 2001.

Tarr, Russell. “What Caused the Italian Wars of 1494-1516?” History Review 38 (March 2001): 33-37.

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Charles V, Francis I, and the Habsburg-Valois Wars (1521-1559) Ait, Ivana. “Clement VII and the Sack of Rome as Represented in the

Ephemerides Historicae of Cornelius de Fine.” In The Pontificate of Clement VII: History, Politics, Culture. Edited by Kenneth Gouwens and Sheryl E. Reiss. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2005.

Alvarez, Manuel Fernandez. Charles V: Elected Emperor and Hereditary Ruler. Men in Office series. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.

Anderson, Matthew Smith. “The Empire of Charles V and Its Enemies, 1529-1559.” Chapter 5 in The Origins of the Modern European State System, 1494-1618. The Modern European State System series. London: Longman, 1998.

Arfaioli, Maurizio. The Black Bands of Giovanni: Infantry and Diplomacy during the Italian Wars (1526-1528). Pisa: Pisa University Press, 2005.

__________. “The Road to Naples: Florence, the Black Bands and the Army of the League of Cognac (1526-1528).” Ph.D. thesis, University of Warwick, 2001.

Armstrong, Edward. The Emperor Charles V. 2 volumes. Second edition. London: Macmillan, 1910.

Baumgartner, Frederic J. Henry II: King of France, 1547-1559. Durham: Duke University Press, 1988.

Blockmans, Wim. Charles V, 1500-1558. London: Edward Arnold, 2001. __________ and Nicolette Mout, editors. The World of Charles V.

Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Edita, 2005. Bonner, Elizabeth A. “The First Phase of the Politique of Henri II in

Scotland, Its Genesis and the Nature of the ‘Auld Alliance’, 1547-1554.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Sydney, 1993.

__________. The French Reactions to the Rough Wooings of Mary, Queen of Scots. Sydney, Australia: Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History, 1998.

__________. The Politique of Henri II: De Facto French Rule in Scotland, 1550-1554. Sydney, Australia: Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History, 1999.

__________. AThe Recovery of St. Andrews Castle in 1547: French Naval Policy and Diplomacy in the British Isles.@ The English Historical

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Review 111 (June 1996): 578-98; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

Brady, Thomas A., Jr. AJacob Sturm and the Seizure of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Schmalkaldic League, 1542-1545.@ In Politics, Religion and Diplomacy in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Malcolm R. Thorp and Arthur J. Slavin. Kirksville, Missouri: The Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1994.

Brandi, Karl. The Emperor Charles V: The Growth and Destiny of a Man and of a World-Empire. Translated by Cicely Veronica Wedgwood. London: Jonathan Cape, 1939.

Chamberlin, Eric Russell. The Sack of Rome. London: Batsford, 1979. Chambers, David S. “Benedetto Agnello, Mantuan Ambassador in Venice,

1530-1556.” In War, Culture and Society in Renaissance Venice: Essays in Honour of John Hale. Edited by David S. Chambers, Cecil H. Clough, and Michael E. Mallett. London: Hambledon, 1993.

__________. Popes, Cardinals and Wars: The Military Church in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe. London: I.B. Tauris, 2006.

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