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Addressing Challenges for Grid Integration of RE in Indian

Power System and Framework for Hybrid RE

Ajit Pandit

Director

Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.

(Day 2: Session 4)

February 21, 2018

International R&D Conclave

Organised by

Central Electricity Authority, Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi

2

India’s Power Scenario and Share of Renewable Energy

40% of energy in India shall be from non-fossil fuels by 2030

53.65% Wind 32,715 MW

Small Hydro Power 4,399 MW

Biomass & Bagasse 8,182 MW

Waste to Energy 114 MW

Thermal

66%

220,575MW

Large Hydro

13.4%

44,614 MW

Nuclear

2.03%

6,780 MW

Total Installed

Power Capacity

332,955 MW

Renewable

18.32 %

60,985 MW

Solar 15,574 MW25.53%

0.19%

13.42%

7.21%


1 Delhi 2,762 20 Kerala 1,870

2 Haryana 4,142 21 Tamil Nadu 8,884

3 Himachal Pradesh 776 22 Puducherry 246

4 J&K 1,155 Southern Region 26,531

5 Punjab 4,772 23 Bihar 2,493

6 Rajasthan 5,762 24 Jharkhand 1,995

7 Uttar Pradesh 10,697 25 Odisha 2,377

8 Uttarakhand 900 26 West Bengal 5,336

9 Chandigargh 153 27 Sikkim 36

Northern Region 31,120 Eastern Region 12,237

10 Goa 358 28 Assam 663

11 Guajarat 8,020 29 Manipur 105

12 Chattisgargh 1,783 30 Meghalaya 161

13 Madhya Pradesh 5,675 31 Nagaland 61

14 Maharashtra 11,926 32 Tripura 105

15 D&N Haveli 449 33 Arunachal Pradesh 39

16 Daman & Diu 199 34 Mizoram 72

Western Region 28,410 North Eastern Region 1,205

17 Andhra Pradesh 9,834 35 Andaman Islands 27

18 Telengana 36 Lakshadweep 4

19 Karnataka 5,697 All India 99,533

State-Wise Share of Solar and Wind Capacity Targets by

2022

3

Large scale integration of variable (solar and wind) energy is envisaged in the coming years to the Indian Grid

11.900

8,800 8,600 8,100 7,6006,200 6,200

2,000600

State-Wise Share of 60 GW of Wind Target by 2022

(Source: MNRE)

State-Wise Share of 100 GW of Solar Targets by 2022

20,784 MW

14,362 MW

16,820 MW

19,526 MW

11,897 MW

17,934 MW

11,875 MW


Framework for Grid Integration

4

Planning Construction Operation

Aspects of Tx

System

Development

EntitiesCEA, CTU and

STUCTU, STU

CERC/SERC,

RLDC and

SLDC

Governing

Framework

National Electricity

Plan, IEGC

CEA Regulations

and Standards

IEGC and State

Grid Code

Key Challenges

• Tx planning

processes at state

level not aligned

for RE requirement

• Limited or no

involvement of RE

stakeholders in

planning process

• No uniform grid

interconnection

process

• Lack of

appropriate RE Tx

development

model

• ROW issues and

local challenges

• F&S framework

operationalisation

• Flexibility for

managing

variability

• Institutional

capacity

• Ancillary services

• To accomplish

175 GW by

2022, annual RE

capacity

addition need to

grow by 3x to 5x

over next 5

years

• Existing

implementation

challenges need

to be addressed


Need for Hybrid (Wind-Solar) RE Development

5

Improved land usage:

- Combined land requirement for wind and

solar to be lower than norm of

2.5 Ha/MW

Shared evacuation infrastructure:

- Optimal planning and better utilization of upstream evacuation facilities

- Excess gen. capacity of ~30 to 40 percent at pooling substation (S/S)

- ROW optimization

Shared operations:

- Benefits of shared operations and shared

infrastructure (roads, manpower, security

and metering)

Improved power generation profile:

- Wind-solar generation to complement with

improved profile

- Better management of variability


Design Considerations for Shared Evacuation

Infrastructure

Evacuation Planning Criteria

• MNRE Draft Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy, (June

2016) (Cl. 5.2 (i)):

– Hybrid power injected into the grid will not be

more than the transmission capacity/grid

connectivity allowed/sanctioned for existing

wind-solar project.

– This will ensure that no augmentation of

transmission capacity is required.

• CEA (Technical Standards for Construction of

Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations,

2010

Ampacity Based Line Loading and Capacity

of S/S for Wind-Solar• CEA Manual for Transmission Planning for Wind and

Solar (2013):

– Special dispensation and additional criteria for wind and solar

– Capacity factor for the purpose of maximum injection to plan the evacuation system, both for immediate connectivity with ISTS/Intra-STS and for onward transmission requirement, may be taken as under:

– The ‘N-1’ criteria may not be applied to an immediate connectivity of wind-solar farms with ISTS/Intra-STS grid

– As the generation of energy at a wind farm is possible only with the prevalence of wind, the thermal line loading limit of the lines connecting wind machine(s)/farm to the nearest grid point may be assessed considering 12 km/hour wind speed.

6

Voltage (kV) Line Loading Cap. (MW) S/S Capacity (MVA)

400 450 1,500 MVA

220 250 500 MVA

132 90 150 MVA

66 27 75 MVA

Voltage/

Aggregate Level132 kV 220 kV 400 kV

State

(as Whole)

Capacity factor 80% 75% 70% 60%

• Despite CEA Manual in 2013, very few states have adopted this special dispensation in planning.

• Additional wind-solar generation capacity (up to 30-40%) can be absorbed at an existing grid S/S


Development of Framework for Hybrid (Wind-Solar) RE

• No utility scale hybrid project (wind-solar) has been implemented across the country.

• Comprehensive Study for the Development of Suitable Framework for promotion of hybrid

projects was necessary.

• Study initiated as part of PACE-D Technical Assistance Program to comprehensively cover

technical, commercial, and regulatory aspects of wind-solar hybrid development in Karnataka

and Rajasthan:

– Identifying challenges for deployment of hybrid RE in the states.

– Formulating suitable regulatory intervention measures and policy framework necessary to

address the challenges.

– Enabling framework for existing wind-solar power developers in the states to explore

options for the development of Brownfield and Greenfield hybrid RE projects.

7

As part of study, comprehensive framework has been developed for hybrid RE development.


Hybrid (Wind-Solar) RE Potential Mapping

• Karnataka

• Mapping of solar and wind resource potential suggests ideal location for wind-solar hybrid RE: Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Gadak, and Belgaum

• Rajasthan

• Mapping of solar and wind resource potential suggests ideal location for wind-solar hybrid RE: Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, and Bikaner

8Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd.

Key Challenges for Development of Hybrid RE

9

• Need for flexibility of off-take arrangements:

– Multiple generators/owners with sale options

(TPS/captive/sale to DISCOM/inter-state)

needs to be enabled

• Tariff treatment:

– Generic hybrid RE tariff is not necessary

– Composition of share of wind:solar (W:S)

for hybrid will depend upon site specific

aspects

• Treatment under RPO:

– Need to separately track solar/non-solar

RPO

• Clarity on extending fiscal/financial benefits

under wind policy, solar policy and investment

schemes to hybrid RE:

– Eligible hybrid RE project(s)/capacity, share

of W:S

• Interconnection point and metering point:

– Different practices for wind and solar being

followed in the state

– Clear demarcation of roles (STU/developer)

• Transmission and evacuation arrangement:

– Planning codes/standards to recognize

benefits of hybrid operations (30 to 40

percent)

• Metering and energy accounting:

– Need for modification of procedures for

joint meter reading and loss apportionment

• Forecasting and scheduling regime:

– Rules for F&S and deviation settlement for

wind and solar to align for hybrid options

Technical Aspects Commercial Aspects


Technical Aspects: Interconnection and Metering Point

10

0

SG

0

SGSG SGProposed Solar installation (SG+ feeder+feeder bay)

WT

GF

ee

de

rsS

GF

ee

de

rs

Proposed Metering

Point for Hybrid

RE

Existing Metering

point

Level of Metering Description

0 Individual WTG/SG level

1 and 2 33 kV feeder level

3 EHV side of pooling S/S at site

4 Grid S/S of KPTCL

• Clear demarcation of solar generation and wind power generation is important from the perspective

of energy accounting, scheduling requirement and RPO compliance.

• Rules for interconnection and metering arrangement for hybrid RE should address the requirements.


Need for Overarching Framework for Implementing

Brownfield Hybrid RE

11

Key ChallengesBrownfield Wind-Solar

Hybrid

Ownership of existing facilities

(turbines/ modules)

Issue of land ownership

Modifications to PPA

Feasibility of evacuation

infrastructure and sharing

costs

Exploringre-powering opportunity

Regulatory treatment of

additional cost and incremental

generation

Need for encouraging suitable business model and devising overarching

framework for hybrid RE


Framework for Hybrid RE and Intervention Measures

12

• Guidelines and eligibility criteria for recognition of hybrid RE

• Funding support to STU/CTU through NCEF

• Provisioning of fiscal incentives/benefits

Policy

• Enabling regulatory environment for hybrid RE by SERC

• Facilitative framework of tariff and RPO/REC regulations and grid connectivity for hybrid RE to be in place

Regulation• Amendment to metering

procedure/protocol

• Simplified procedures for energy accounting and commercial settlement

• Priority of preference in transmission/evacuation planning

Utility Process


Thank You

Contact:

Balawant Joshi +91 98214 21630Ajit Pandit +91 98211 08222

Email: [email protected]

Mumbai Delhi Kolkata Hyderabad

801, Crystal Plaza,158, CST Road,Kalina, Santacruz (E),Mumbai — 400 098Phone: +91 22 4057 0200

A-31, Second Floor,Lajpat Nagar II, Near Lajpat Metro Station,New Delhi — 110 024Phone: +91 11 4943 4000

T2, 8C, Millennium City IT Park,DN 62, Sector V, Salt Lake,Kolkata — 700 091Phone: +91 33 3012 8485

House No. 3-51, Flat No. 201,Abhishek Towers,(Opp. HAL Gate), Balanagar,Hyderabad — 500 042Phone: +91 40 6999 8062

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