INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

COURSE SCHEDULE

CHAPTER 1: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

INTRODUCTION AND STATES

CHAPTER 2: NON-STATES

CHAPTER 3: INTERGOVERNMENTAL

ORGANIZATIONS (IGOs)

CHAPTER 4: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

DEFINING THE IGOs

• Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

are founded by governments which

recognize that it is in their national

interests to obtain multilateral

agreements and pursue actions to deal

with threats, challenges or problems that

cannot be dealt with effectively at the

unilateral level.

VARIETIES OF IGOs

An important variety of IGO is the special interest organization which has a very specific issue area and a domain that crosses all regional boundaries.

A good example is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

One of the first specialized IGOs is the International Police Organization, better known by its acronym, INTERPOL, an association of over 100 national police forces devoted to fighting international crime.

One category of IGO which expanded very rapidly in the 20th century is the regional IGO, including the European Union (EU), the Organization of American States (OAS), and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).

These IGOs were formed to strengthen cooperation by states at regional level.

Similarly, there are IGOs which have been established with the objective of promoting regional security.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is one of the most famous; others include:

OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)

ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand and US Security Treaty Group)

The only world IGO: United Nations (UN)

First we will discuss the League of Nations before tackling the UN.

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

The League of Nations was established in order to protect world peace after WWI.

However, the League could not prevent World War II and disintegrated during the war.

THE UNITED NATIONSThe United Nations was founded by the victorious countries of WWII in 1945 in order to resolve the disputes at the end of the war and to warrant peace and security in the world.

The Aim:

The United Nations describes itself as a

global foundation that ensures:

• The justice and security, economic

development and social equity to all the

countries in the international arena.

The UN is founded on the twin principles of the sovereignty of states and an essentially voluntary system of collective security, meaning that the organization has no means of enforcing its decisions.

The number of members of the organization which was 51 when established and is now 194.

The organization has 5 permanent

members: USA, RUSSIA, CHINA, ENGLAND

and FRANCE.

These countries have the right to veto any

decisions. Any decisons which have not

been approved by them cannot come into

force.

The Members of the United Nations

THE EUROPEAN UNION

The European Union Process

1. European Coal and Steel Community - ECSC

(1951)

2. European Atomic Community – EURATOM

(1957)

3. European Economic Community – EEC

(1957)

4. European Community – EC (1965)

5. European Union – EU (1991- Maastricht

Treaty)

The Enlargement Process Of The EU

The First Enlargement (1973)The United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark

The Second Enlargement (1981) Greece

The Third Enlargement (1986) Spain, Portugal

The Fourth Enlargement (1995) Sweden, Austria, Finland

EU Members

NATO

NATO is a political

and military

organization that

was founded after

WWII against USSR

in 1949 in order to

ensure the security

of Europe with the

support of the USA.

• The headquarters is in Brussels.

• Turkey joined NATO in 1952.

• It has been decided that when territorial integrity, political independence and security of one of the member countries is at stake or if one member country is attacked, all the member countries should act together.

NATO Members

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NATO & UNNATO and the United Nations are different

organizations.

Is a collective defense organization. Is a diplomatic organization.

ANOTHER REGIONAL IGO: ASEAN

• The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) was founded in 1967, after the Bangkok Declaration by Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, the Phillippines and Malesia. Brunei joined ASEAN in 1984 and Vietnam in 1995.

• It aims to promote regional economic, social and cultural cooperation.