United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

International Round Table

"Intangible Cultural Heritage" - Working definitions(Piedmont, Italy, 14 to 17 March 2001)

CONSULTATION WITH MEMBER STATES ON« IDENTIFICATION (INVENTORY) AND DOCUMENTATION OF

FOLKLORE»

REPLIES TO CIRCULAR LETTERS ADDRESSED TO NATIONAL COMMISSIONS FOR UNESCO (February and August 2000)

Identification (inventory) and documentation of folkloreQuestions (i) to (iv)

xxxxxx Replies to questionnaire of February 2000 (countries with national legislation containing provisions on the «intellectual property aspects» of folklore xxxxxx* Replies to questionnaire of August 2000

(i) Definition for « intangible cultural (ii) Has your country established an (iii) Items covered by the inventory (iv) Institution responsible forheritage (traditional culture and inventory ofthis heritage? establishing the inventoryfolklore) »

AfricaBenin * - - - - - - - - - - - -

Ethiopia * r reply (5.10.00) : Folklore is ]'( reply (5.10.00) : No. 1'( reply (5./0.00) : NA. ]'( reply (. .. ) NA.expressed as traditional artistic heritage The traditional arts as well as 2"d reply (16.11. DO) : information not provided. 2/1d reply (16.11.00): Thedeveloped and maintained over handicrafts shall be inventoried in their Authority for Research andgenerations by a community or by original and unadulterated state so that Conservation of Culturalindividuals reflecting the traditional they can be handed down to posterity Heritage (government institution)artistic expression. unaltered; these shall also be audio- will be responsible for this task.2nd reply (16.11.00) : « Intangible visually recorded and stored.Cultural Heritage» means any Cultural 2"d reply (16.11. OD) : The Authority forHeritage that cannot be felt by hands but Research and Conservation of Culturalcan be seen or heard and includes Heritage (created through thedifferent kinds of performances and proclamation n° 209/2000) will registershow, folklore, religious, belief, cultural heritage in cooperation with thewedding and mourning ceremonies, appropriate body (article 6 (1) of themusic, drama, literature and similar Proclamation).other cultural values, traditions and The classification of Cultural Hcritagecustoms of nations, nationalities and at the national and regional level shallpeoples (definition given in the be determined by law (article 16 of theproclamation n° 209/2000). Proclamation).

Madagascar L'ensemble des valeurs transcendantes L'inventaire est en COllrs. L'aspect du patrimoine en tant que base du Direction du patrimoine culturelcontenues dans les croyances, fondement de la cohesion sociale et de I 'unicite de la et direction de la promotionconception et amenagement de l'espace, culture malgache. (not clear) artistique (ministere deconception du temps, rites rattaches aux l'information, de la culture et degrands evenements de la vie et aux la communication)activites de production, chants et dansestraditionnels et populaires, langue,litterature orale traditionnelle, metiers etartisanat, jeux et sports traditionnels, art.

Republic of Patrimoine non physique Non, il n'y a pas d'inventaire Creations musicales recentes Bureau guineen des droitsGuinea* systematique (sauf pour les creations d'auteur (BGDA)

musicales rccentes).

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 1

Zimbabwe The definition for intangible cultural Yes. Systems of formal and informal education; 1. National Archives ofheritage, traditional culture and folklore - Various forms of religious practices, beliefs, rites Zimbabweused in Zimbabwe is « the totality of and rituals; 2. Oral Traditions Association oftradition-based creations of a cultural - Laws, regulations, morals and taboos; Zimbabwecommunity, expressed by a group or - The performing, decorative and ceremonial arts 3. University of Zimbabweindividuals and recognized as reflecting and crafts; (a) History Departmentthe expectations of a community in so - The written and oral literature; (b) African Languages andfar as they reflect its cultural and social - Ideologies; philosophies and concepts; Literature Departmentidentity, its standards and values (and) - Traditional, modern technological and scientific (c) Curriculum and Artsare transmitted orally, by imitation or by knowledge, inputs and achievements; Education Departmentother means. Its forms are, among - The monuments, sites and historical relics and 4. Zimbabwe Broadcastingothers, language, literature, music, natural heritage; Corporationdance, games, mythology, rituals, - Museums, galleries, archives, culture houses, 5. National Museums andcustoms, handicrafts, architecture and libraries; Monumentsother arts. » - Traditions and modern games, sports and 6. African Methodist Church

recreation habits; 7. Ministry of Education, Sports- The socio-economic systems and means of and Cultureproduction; 8. History Society of Zimbabwe- Traditional and modern food and beverages; and 9. Research Council of- Traditional and modern attire. Zimbabwe

10. National Arts CouncilArab StatesKuwait Intangible Cultural Heritage is the No. NA NA

nation's oral heritage, folklore andspiritual culture, that consists ofproverbs, habits, traditions, actions andindividual and communal qualities thatdistinguish a society from others. Thiscultural heritage also includes family,wedding habits, arts, letters, songs,settlements and travelling, marriage anddelivery, death, food, drinks, medicineand curing, typical Kuwaiti story telling,crafts and activities of Kuwaitis in thepast.

Palestinian Popular heritage (definition used by the No. Nothing. None.Authority* official authorities who have declared an

Annual Day for this heritage).Asia and PacificIndonesia * It is something that is inherited from the Yes (at the Directorate for Culture). All the aspects of culture: tangible and intangible. All institutions at the Directorate

ancestor, that cannot be touched or It consists of two parts : Tangible heritage: temples, sites, buildings, General for Culture. They consistgrasped especially by the mind (good Internal communication: a) clipping, architecture, paintings, statues, printing, tools, of four directorates: 1) for Valuereputation). b) inventory, c) monitoring, d) ceramics, coins, etc. Culture, 2) for History and

identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001 . n. ?

evaluation, e) survey, f) cooperation. Intangible heritage: customs, folktalks, proverbs, Museum, 3) for Aesthetic Value,- External communication: a) puzzles, folkgames, ceremonies, dances, music, 4) for Ancent ( ?).publishment and arrangement (1. dramas, literature, etc.document, 2. cultural booklet, 3. culturalleaflet, 4. tourism book,S. cultural andart album, b) collective exhibition, c)publishing book, d) meeting withprinted media and electronic media, e)cooperation with printed media andelectronic media, f) cultural art album,g) survey, h) Internet programme, i)cultural magazines.

LaD People's Le patrimoine de la culture immaterielle - - - - - - - - -

Democratic est l'ensemble des valeurs spirituelles etRepublic pratiques de l'homme, creees et

adoptees au COlIrs de ses longues etapesd'evolutions historiques telles que:sagesses, connaissances, savoir-faire,arts, litterature, morales, bons usages etpratiques sociales, etc. dont la fonctionprincipale est d'humaniser et de civilisersoi-meme et les siens dans leur vie engroupe ou en societe.

Myanmar* Tangible cultural is the material aspect No. None. Department of Cultural Institute,and intangible culture is the spiritual Ministry of Culture andaspect of life. Visual arts are tangible University for Development ofculture. Performing arts are intangible. National Races.

Republic ot Intangible cultural property refers to Yes. 1. Drama (mask drama, puppet drama) The Office of Cultural PropertiesKorea drama, music, dance, handicrafts and 2. Music (ritual music, banquet music, military (Ministry of Culture and

other intangible cultural expressions of music, ballads and short lyrical songs, Information), which was elevatedoutstanding historical, artistic and improvisation, farmers' band music, folk songs, to an independent agency,academic value (article 2, Cultural shamanic ritual music, buddhist chants) Cultural PropertiesProperties Protection Act, amended on I 3. Dance (ritual dance, court dance, mask dance, folk Administration on 24 May 1999.July 1999). dance)

4. Handicrafts : ceramic art, horsehair craft, metalcraft, ox horn craft, personal ornamentsmanufacture, mother-of-pearl lacquerware,papermaking, woodcraft, architecture, leather craft,paper craft, weaving, dyeing, stone and jade craft,embroidery, dressmaking, musical instrumentsmaking, rush and rice straw craft5. Others: rites, plays, martial arts, royal cuisine,and techniques vital for traditional performing artsor the skills for manufacturing and repairing

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001 _n i

equipment used in the arts.Europe and North AmericaAndorra* Ensemble de biens materiels et Oui. L' Arxiu d'etnografia d' Andorra. Economie, maison et famiIle, organisation sociale et Ministere du tourisme et de la

immateriels, objets, constructions, politique, urbanisation, identite, referents culture. L'Arxiu d'etnografiaprocedes techniques, idees, habitudes et historiques. d' Andorra est gere par le Servicevaleurs qui font ou ont fait partie de la d'ethnologie dependant de ceculture dll peuple andorran et en meme ministere.definissent I' identite.

Austria' Folk culture is the entirety of handed- For musical musical traditions, there is The collected materials of the Volksliedwerk Archiv des Osterreichischendown cultural expressions of specific the Archiv des Osterreichischen comprise mainly the music and poetry traditions in Volksliedwerkes (Archive of theregions, developing out of tradition. It is Volksliedwerkes (Archive of the Austria, i.e. songs, dances, instrumental music, in Austrian Folk Music Society).tied to community and tradition and Austrian Folk Music Society) and 9 various types of documents (manuscripts, sounddependent on life sphere and conditions provincial archives with specialized documents, photos, videos, etc.). Research on folkof time » (definition formulated by the collections. In order to make the variety tales/stories is one of the main topics of the InstituteAssociation Forum Volkskultur, 1990) of materials accessible in comparable of Ethnology of the Uni versity of Innsbruck.

format, the Society has developed aninformation system INFOLK.

Bulgaria Definition of the Recommendation on Yes. It is quite detailed and lengthy. It has already been Institute of Folklore, Bulgarianthe Safeguarding of Traditional Culture sent to UNESCO. It was developed as part of the Academy of Sciences working inand Folklore. work on the project « Archive for Authentic Balkan close relation with the MinistryStrong accent is put on the interpretation Database ». of Culture.of folklore as a particular type ofculture, maintaining the traditionalsyncretic coexistence of verbal, musical,dance and folk art forms.

Croatia Culture is defined, amoung other things, - - - - - - - - -

as a complete way of I ife and thinkingof a human community.[ ... ]The concept of tradition is substitutedby the notion of folklore. Sometimes thetradition can also indicate culture as awhole. The notion of tradition, in asense of folklore as a part of culture orin a sense of the entire culture, is usuallyrelated to former forms of culture or tothe forms of culture which have beendisappearing...The concept of tradition, consideredeither in a wider sense as culture as awhole or in a narrower sense as a

I Replies limited to musical traditions (except for the definition).2 Abstract from the definition given by the Croatian Commission for UNESCO. See attached page.

"dentification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001. n. 4

folklore manifestation, according to thecurrent comprehension implies acontemporary construction projectedinto the past by which the present day isinterpreted.[oo .J2« Intangible cultural property may coverdistinctive forms and phenomena ofintellectual creativity being transmittedby tradition or in any other way, andparticular!y :- language, dialects, tongues, andtoponymics, and traditional literature ofall kinds- folk creative works in the fields ofmusic, dance, tradition, games, rituals,customs, as well as other traditional folkvalues,- traditional skills and crafts» (article 9of the Law on the protection andconservation of cultural heritage(Official Bulletin 69/I 999).

Cyprus * Non material culture. Yes. Songs, poetry, beliefs, etc. The Cyprus Research Centre(Ministry of Education andCulture) and the University ofCyprus

Czech Republic La notion de « patrimoine culturel non- Le concept de « registre du patrimoine La liste officielle des monuments et sites culturels Depuis de longues annees, lamateriel »n'est pas un concept etabli. culturel » n'est pas utilise en proteges par l'Etat contient notamment les biens documentation sur la cultureCe n'est pas une notion qui repose sur Republique tcheque. II existe cependant culturels meubles et immeubles de grande valeur, traditionnelle et populaire estune definition juridique nette. une liste officielIe des monuments et donc ceux qui font partie du domaine de la culture rassemblee a I'InstitutLe concept de « patrimoine culturel sites culturels proteges par l'Etat etablie, traditionnelle et populaire, en particulier les precieux d'ethnologie de l'Academie desnon-materiel » est inherent acelui de en vertu d'une loi, par I'Institut d'Etat ouvrages d'architecture et technique populaires Sciences de la Republique« richesses culturelles » tel que stipule de la conservation des monuments (fermes, moulins, forges), et aussi des ensembles tcheque (anciennement Institutdans la Loi constitutionneIle n° 23/I991 historiques. Les differentes institutions urbanistes populaires ou encore des creches d' ethnographie et de folklore de(Acte sur les droits et libertes de collection etablissent, eIJes aussi, populaires ou des ouvrages de sculpture populaire, l'Academie des Sciences), afondamentaux) qui definit le droit leurs propres inventaires d'objets de etc. l'Institut de la culture populaired' acces aux richesses culturelles comme collection. En vertu d'une nouvelIe loi Les plus grands ensembles cle collection abrites par de Straznice mis sur pied par leun clroit civique fondamentaJ. L'usage qui entrera en vigueur sous peu, on les institutions mentionnees clans le para. (iv) sont Ministere de la Culture, clans lesveut que les richesses culturelles meUra en place un registre central les collections cle chansons et clanses populaires, clepartements (collections)renferment d'une part les ceuvres creees d'objets de collection deposes clans les cI'ouvrages cI'art populaire oral (notamment ceux cle etlmograph iques aupres clesdans le passe, c'est-a-clire le patrimoine collections enregistrees par l'Etat. Si des contes et legencles) et cle temoignages de production clifferents musees sous formeculturel, et, d'autre part, la creation et biens meubles appartenant au domaine manuelle populaire de toutes les regions cle la d' ensembles de collection, etc.l'interpretation contemporaines. II va de la culture traditionnelle et populaire Republique tcheque. Dans les annees 1948-1988, lesans dire que les phenomenes font donc partie cle ces collections, ils Centre cle production artisanale

Identification and documentation of folklore. g M :m,h ')(){)1 ~ <:

appartenant au domaine de la culture sont recenses de la mcme fa,<on. populaire, qui a mis desormaistraditionnelle et populaire font partie fin a ses activites, avait etabli unintegrante des riehesses culturelles, mais registre de ses travailleurs, c'est-cette derniere est sentie plutaL, etant a-dire des artisans populaires.donne son ancrage dans le passe, Cet ensemble de documentationcomme une composante du patrimoine est depose dans les archives de laculture!. section ethnographique du MuseeLa mcme Loi constitutionnelle stipule national de Prague et celles duegalement que la protection des droits Musee valache en plein air dede propriete intellectuelle est, elle aussi, Roznov pod Radhostem.un droit fondamental, sans qu'on fassede distinction entre la proprieteappartenant au domaine de l'artprofessionnel de haut niveau et celle dela culture traditionnelle et populaire.

Finland There is no definition of folklore that Yes, there are a number of inventories. The Folklore Archive of the Finnish Literature The Finnish Literatury Society.would cover the whole discipline. The most representative inventory is Society has used an inventory (classification) systemGenerally the definition of the made by the Folklore Archives of the based on the division of folklore into loose genreUNESCO Recommendation (1989) is Finnish Literature Society and the groups. The system is particularly applicable toacceptable. However, the distinction Swedish Literature Society in Finland. manuscript materials (the old tradition in archives)between « folklore in its oral and The Finnish Folklore Archives compile and is still in use. It should be stressed that thistraditional form» and « applied and record folklore in the form of system was created on the basis of Finnish folkfolklore» should be emphasized: manuscripts, audio recordings and material and contains non-universal, nationalFolklore in its oral and traditional form: images; catalogue the material; serve categories. The system was augmented asfolklore is in such form transmitted scholars, institutions, the media and researchers in folk traditions turned their attentionorally and serves as shared tradition- amateurs; and carry out research toward new materials and subject areas. The bulk ofbased creations of a cultural programmes. The Archives do not early collecting efforts was concentrated solely oncommunity; supervise the use of folklore generally ancient folk poetry in the Kalevala metre; graduallyApplied folklore: the manifestations of but help to safeguard folklore by it broadened to include Marchen (tales) as well, andapplied folklore include folk festivals, promoting and supporting its the first half of the 20th century saw the gradualvarious folk song and dance ensembles, compilation and by supervising the use inclusion of legends, rhymed folksongs, proverbs,or folklore festivals held all over the of the material in its collections. etc. In time, the system covered the bulk of Finnishworld. The programme consists of agrarian folk culture. For the sake of clarity, theperformances of applied folklore, following traditional classification has been slightlyworking demonstrations and varied simplified:performances usually drawing on old al folktales, anecdotestraditions. Applied folklore cannot have a2 religious legendsa status of folklore proper. a3 belief legends, memorates

a4 historical and local legendsa5 aetioligical tales (myth, quasi-myth)a6 onomatopoeia, imitations of the sounds of naturebl ancient poetry in Kalevala metreb2 rhymed folk songsb3 charms

identification and documentation of folklore, 8 Marrh ?nnJ n r;

b4 magic practices, beliefsb5 play (competitions, games)b61amentsb7 nonsense rhymes, tongue twisters, mock sermons,etc.b8 Lapp joiku chantsc proverbsd riddlesIn addition to these categories, the archive also usesthe following classification connected in some wayor another with folklore but not dealt with in detailhere: e tunes, f products learnt fromliteraturelinvented personally, E ethnologicaldescriptions and K calendary lore, etc.Competitions have been one productive channel:target groups have been encouraged to reveal thefolklore they know. Usually the competitions havedealt with some area of folklore that has previouslyreceived little attention.Many genres of folklore have vanished for ever withthe passing of the last tradition bearers familiar withthem. Yet there is living folklore all around us :complex workplace lore, various contemporary tales,legends and anecdotes, rumours, gossip, graffiti,parodies on proverbs and riddles, the rich children'stradition, and so on.There are at the moment far more than three millionitems of folklore at the Archive.

Germanv'" - - - Non. - - - - - -Iceland*4 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Israel For the purposes of the research and Yes. The Center for Jewish Art was The Center for Jewish Art considers this cultural Professor Bezalel Narkiss of thedocumentation work of the Center for established in 1979, after the Index of heritage in terms of fi ve categories, represented in Hebrew University started theJewish Art, established in 1979 at the Jewish Art began its activities in 1966 the Index: a) synagogues and ritual community Index in 1966 and the Center forHebrew University of Jerusalem, the by documenting Hebrew illuminated structures including cemeteries; b) archaeological Jewish Art in 1979. The Index ofdefinition of « intangible cultural manuscripts in France, England and and ancient artifacts; c) sacred and ritual objects; d) Jewish Art is being developed byheritage» traverses national borders and Hungary. The Index is a computerized illuminated manuscripts; e) modern fine art. a core of graduate students of theextends over time from antiquity to the database consisting of over 200,000 Hebrew University.present. The visual culture of the Jewish documented objects of the kindpeople consists of religious and secular mentioned in (i). It is the largest virtualbuildings like synagooues or dwelling museum of Jewish art in the world, and

3 En raison de la structure federale de l'AIlemagne qui se manifeste surtout dans le domaine des competences en matiere de politique culturelle, cet Etat n' est pas en mesure de repondre auquestionnaire.4 No answer to the questionnaire. Only a lecture by a specialist of the National Museum oflce1and was sent.

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001. n. 7

houses and their decoration, funerary also the only interactive lexicon ofart, ritual and household objects, Jewish iconography.illuminated manuscripts, painting andsculpture. It also includes the archivalinformation and any sources ofdocumentation on eradicated Jewishmonuments.

Italy * Traditional uses and habits as Yes. Jobs, trades, ceremonies, music and oral tradition. Ministero per i Beni e le Attivitainstruments of identity, not only their Culturali (Ministry of Culture)history and documentation, but also theattempt to try to comprehend anddescribe the heritaR:e they can forward.

Macedonia * In the legislature of the Republic of - - - - - - - The Institute of FolkloreMacedonia there is no definition of « Marko Cepenkov », Skopjefolklorc, nor any other specification of - The Macedonian Radio andfolklore. Thus for the needs of this Television (MRTV), Skopje,questionnaire there are no obstacles to having at disposal a certainaccept the UNESCO definition of number of programmes andfolklore, i.e. the expression of folklore recordings of folk songs, dancesas : « production containing and folk tales and wisdomscharacteristic elements of the traditional The National and Universityart heritage developed and maintained Library « St. Clement Ohridski »,

(practised) by the communities in the SkopjeState or through individuals which - The Institute of Old Slavicreflects the traditional artistic Literature, Prilepexpectations of that community». - The Faculty of Musical Art,According to the stated standards, the Skopjedivision of folklore heritage as material - The Natural Sciences and

elaborated within the context of Mathematics Faculty,protection and exploitation of the Department of Geography,tangible and intangible cultural heritage Ethnological Sector, Skopjeand non-material - traditional literature: - The Museum of Macedoniafolk tales, folk wisdom, folk poetry, etc., (Ethnologic Museum), Skopjefolk songs and instruments and folk They should establish theirdanccs, folk visual art in various inventory lists.traditional mcdia (stone, wood, metal,etc.) and of all genres as well ashandicrafting and homemade handmadeobjects.

Poland In Poland there are several definitions of Betwcen 1994 and 1998, on instruction (See attached pages. Concern also point viii) In Poland, the function of an« folk culture », but when we talk of from the Ministry of Culture and Art, institution which stores recordsfolk culture we generally mean broadly- the Centre of Ethnographic and documents folk artists andconceived rural life and work, and when Documcntation of the Polish their output is servcd by thedefining this term we ean simply say Ethnological Society in L6dz created a National House of Folk Culture

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001. D. 8

that folk culture is the sum total of the national database on so-called in Lublin, which was formed inproducts and concepts established and «disappearing trades ». Since 1999 this 1995 as an agency of theused in a traditional rural or small-town work has been continued by the Association of Folk Artists,community. One can also list the National House of Folk Culture in which in turn was formed incomponents and forms of community Lublin. Lublin in 1968 and associateslife that make up folk culture folk artists all over Poland. The(ceremonies, family and annual National House of Folk Culturecustoms) and the folklore associated realizes some of the State taskswith them (music, dance, tales and assigned to private bodies by theliterature), folk art (sculpture, painting, Ministry of Culture and Nationalmusical instruments, decorative art), and Heritage.an entire material spherc : work tools,equipment, construction (includingchurch architecture), the layout ofvillages, etc. Folk culture is closelyconnected to a local community and isan expression of that community'sidentity, because each community hasspecific geographical conditions, specialkinds of artifacts, its own history,traditions, etc. Thus, when talking offolk culture, we have in mind regionalculture, a « little homeland» of thepeople living there.

Republic of Intangible heritage represents unique At the end of 1999 it was decided to The inventory would contain data on the living The responsible institution is theLithunia traditional cultural phenomena, establish the Lithunian Intangible centres of traditional culture. (information taken Ministry of Culture and the Folk

transmitted orally, through imitation or Heritage Inventory (Register) and a task from the letter of18 April 2000) Culture Centre.other means within family, group, force was approved. This inventory does Living human treasures of traditional culture:community and dissemination in not yet exist. (information taken from - Performers, bearers;traditional forms: language (dialects), the letter of18 April 2000) - Forms of intangible heritage;vocal, instrumental, choreographic Such inventory is being set up. - Institutions dealing with intangible heritage.folklore, oral folk creativity, beliefs,myths, customs, rituals, skills of folkart, handicrafts and rural activities,medical, pedagogical, astronomical andother systems of folk wisdom, throughinformation and communication.(information taken from the letter o(18April 2000)The term « ethnic culture» is morewidely used in this country. Itsdefinition is given in the Law on thePrinciples of State Protection of EthnicCulture (Article 2, item 4 : « Ethnic

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March ?nn I n q

culture includes the sum total of culturalproperties, created by the entire nation(etnos), passed from generation togeneration and constantly renewed,which makes it possible to preserve thenational identity and consciousness anduniqueness of ethnographic regions).

Romania The intangible cultural patrimony is Yes. Oral literature, music, dance, customs, traditions, The Archives of folklore whichrepresented by folklore. Folklore is professions, art crafts, etc. have the status of a nationalcomponent of culture which manifests archive. They are managed,orality, variation, collective character, enriched and actualized by thesyncretism; it is a continuous process Institute of Ethnography andwithin tradition and innovation interact; Folklore « Constantin Brailoiu »it works in rural and urban contexts; it (AIEF), Bucuresti ; the Archiveis actualized syncretically by literary, of Folklore of the Romanianmusical and choreic texts, within a Academy (AFC), Cluj Napoca;certain context and with a the Archive of Moldavia anddefined/precise function. Bucovina, by the Institute of

Romanian Philology « AlexandruPhilippide» (AMB), Iasi.

Spain The definition of « intangible cultural No. NA. NA.heritage» (popular and traditionalculture) is not specifically included inSpanish State legislation except in thoseaspects referred to in Title VI of Law16/1985, (25 June), of the SpanishHistorical Heritage, devoted toEthnographic Heritage (see articles 46and 47 in annex).As a consequence, the « intangiblecultural heritage» (traditional andpopular culture) is understood to beincluded in the « knowledge andactivities which are or have been anexpression of traditional culture»[translated], as well as in the long-standing nature and habitualtransmission of this knowledge andactivities, as is set out in theaforementioned Title VI of the Law ofSpanish Historical Heritage. Thislegislation, however, considers culturalheritage from a perspective that isprincipally focused on material objects.

..cntification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 10

There is no specific treatment oftraditional and popular culture in its oralor intangible form that might permit oneto speak of its identification orprotection in concrete legislation.Nevertheless, despite this material focusgiven to cultural heritage, there isconsideration of traditional culture infestivals and popular displays which donot correspond to the idea of materialobject, as can be seen in what is knownas the Fiestas de fnteres Turfstico(Festivals of Tourist Interest). Thesevery varied and culturally richcelebrations, which take place across thewhole country, are listed as Festivals ofTourist Interest and are theresponsibility of the Direcci6n Generalde Turismo (Department of Tourism) ofthe Ministerio de Economia y Hacienda(Ministry of the Economy andTreasury). This listing concerns thosefestivals which have a national orinternational importance for tourism,and is regulated by the Ministerial Orderof 29 September 1987 (Spanish StateBulletin 27 October 1987). When itconcerns the regions or the SpanishAutonomous Communities, the listingof Tourist Interest is the authority of therelevant bodies in those AutonomousCommunities.

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001 n 11

Latin America and CaribbeanArgelltina* IAlthough there is no unified definition,

it can be considered as « the vast area oftraditional and popular beliefs, thevaried mass of oral traditions anddomestic rituals » (Garcla - Rolandi[translated]) or « all cultural expressionwhose origins are to be found in pastgenerations. These expressions coverhabits, customs, traditions, craft skills,beliefs, popular religious expression,alternative medicines, music and dance,rituals and ceremonies practised indifferent naturally-occurring societies(folk, indigenous, urban).

Brazil IDefinition du patrimoine culturel(article 216 de la Constitution federalede 1988) : « biens de nature materielleet immaterielle, pris individuellement ouensemble, porteurs de reference surl'identite, I'action, la memoire desdifferents groupes formateurs deI'identite bresilienne ».

No institutional policy has been drawnup nor any concerted action taken toregister intangible heritage. There areexamples of individual actions whichsometimes have an incidental effect onbodies where specialists and researchershave performed or are performingduties.

Bien que le Bresil dispose dejad'initiatives d'enregistrcment dcsmanifestations culturelles (de caractereindividuel, comme celles du folkloristeCamara Cascudo et de Mario deAndrade, ou institutionnel, commecelles de la Discotheque QneidaAlvarenga, du Centre national dereferences culturelles, de la Fondationnationale Pro-Memoria et du Musee dufolklorc Edson Carneiro, ou encore de laFondation nationale des Arts), cesactivites se presentaient de fa<;onautonome et dispersee, et non sousforme d'une politique nationalesystematique en ce qui concerne lesbiens culturels immateriels.En 1997 I'Institut du patrimoinehistorique et artistique national(IPBAN) a reuni it Fortaleza unseminaire international sur les strategieset les formes de protection dupatrimoine culturel immateriel, qui a eupour resultat la Charte de Fortalezarecommandant la mise en (lOUVre duregistre prevu par la Constitutioncomme forme principale de preservationdesdits biens.

Popular songs (Juan Alfonso Carrizo),ethnomusicology (Carlos Vega, Isabel Aretz), talesand legends (Berta V. de Battini, Susana Chertudi).Additional mention should be made of work carriedout by the Fondo Nacional para las Artes (NationalFund for the Arts), the Instituto Nacional deAntropologia y Pensamiento LatinolllTlericano(National Institute for Anthropology and LatinAmerican Thought), the« Carlos Vega » InstitutoNacional de Musicologia (National Institute forMusicology), national universities and provincialresearch institutes.».

Given the specific duties andareas in which they work, thisshould be the Secretarta deCultura y Comunicacion(Department for Culture andCommunication) through theNational Institute forAnthropology and LatinAmerican Thought, the« Cm'losVega » National Institute forMusicology and the NationalMarket for Traditional ArgentincCraftwork.

~_ientification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 200 L D. 12

DominicanRepllblic*

Art. 5 of Law n° 318 of the 14 June1968 concerning the Cultural Heritageof the Nation: «For the purposes of thisLaw, the folkloric heritage comprisesthe plurality of material expressiontypical of Dominican tradition and,especially, plastic expression that ismost representative of popular art andcraftwork. » [translated]Law n° 41-00 which sets up theSecretariat of State for Culture (Title I,Fundamental Definitions and Principles,

L'etablissement de ce registre estactuellement en phase finale d' analyse.Son but sera de proceder al'identification, aI'inventaire, al'enregistrement et a la reconnaissancedu patrimoine immateriel d'importancenationale, afin, dans un second temps,d'etablir les formes de protection et depreservation.Le registre permettra alors, en declarantle bien immateriel «patrimoine cultureldu Bresil », d'identifier et de faireconnaitre les biens culturelsinunateriels, puisqu'il sera, en dernierressort, l'unique possibilite de preserverleur memoire et d'en assurer lapermanence. 11 se presentera sous formede registre ethnographique, disposantdes moyens techniques adequats etpermettant I'acces le plus vaste possibledu public ases banques de donnees.Ainsi, les connaissances acquisespermettront d'identifier avec precisionles modalites d'appui ala permanencedesdits biens, mises en CJ:uvre dans lecadre du Programme national dupatrimoine immateriel, qui sera cree enmeme que le registre sous la tutelle duMinistere de la culture.(Voir en annexe le decret dll 4 aoilt2000 portant dll registre des bienscllltllrels immateriels).Yes. The inventory of the intangiblecultural heritage of the DominicanRepublic began with the setting up ofthe Centro de Inventario de BienesCllltumles (Centre for the Inventory ofCultural Assets) through Decree n°2310 of 6 September 1976. The Centrefor the Inventory of Cultural Assets isassigned the following duties (art. 3) :a) Organizing and producing theinventory of cultural assets;b) Advising governmental and private

Through a regional inventory of the cultural heritageof each Dominican province, in which were includeddiverse aspects of the intangible cultural heritage(regional culture, crafts, typical buildings, regionaldress, typical food and drink, history, markets,typical small restaurants and food stalls, fairs andfestivals). Independently, research has been carriedout on popular religious expression, music, musicalinstruments, decimas (popular ballads), traditions,legends, masks, dances, gastronomy, linguistics, andothers.

Initially the Centre for theInventory of Cultural Assets.(see question (ii)).

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001. D. 11

Chapter I, Definitions, Art. 1. Para. 2, cultural bodies on the production ofJune 2000) : « The cultural heritage of their own inventories, co-ordinating thethe Nation comprises all the tangible inventory-related activities of each ofand intangible cultural assets, values these bodies;and symbols which are an expression of c) Supporting action and researchthe Dominican Nation, such as the related to cultural assets performed bytraditions, habits and customs, as well as cultural and educational institutions;all tangible and intangible assets, andincluding those submerged in water, d) Raising awareness in the communitymovable and immovable items, which of the value of cultural assets and thepossess a special interest for historical, need to preserve them.artistic, aesthetic, plastic, architectural, In 1988 the Instituto Dominicano deurban, archaeological, environmental, Folclore (Institute for Dominicanecological, linguistic, sound, musical, Folklore, INDEFOLK), a governmentalaudiovisual, filmic, scientific, organization set up in 1988, wastechnological, testimonial, documentary, attached to the Consejo Presidencial deliterary, bibliographic, museographic, or Cultura (Presidential Culture Council).anthropological reasons, and the Amongst its objectives are:expressions, products and a) To research, collect and disseminaterepresentations of popular culture» expressions of Dominican and[translated]. Caribbean folklore.

b) To collect different expressions ofDominican and Caribbean folklore,through scientific research, individualtestimony and group and communityexpression.c) The setting up of a documentationcentre for the folklore and popularculture of our country and theCaribbean, which will also house anaudiovisual archive of musicians andpopular folk music, and the visualtestimony of the « surviving folktreas ures ».

Mexico Cultural heritage does not only consist Yes. There arc inventories in various (See 3 pages in annex). The institution responsible forof the sum of works of art, historical governmental institutions, universities this is the Consejo Nacional paraobjects and monuments, nor is it and private institutions, both nationally la Cultura y las Artes (Nationalexclusively material or tangible. Rather, and regionally. Council for Culture and the Arts,an equally important role is played by CONACULTA), through itsthe creativity of communities, the different dependent bodies.values, knowledge, instruments andcreations which are embodied in thetraditions, festivities, speech, way of lifeand everyday social life.

~Jentification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 200 I n 14

Nor can there be a national culturewithout taking into account the realcultural heritage of a nation, in otherwords the sum of the heritage of eachand everyone of its communities,populations and social groups; popularculture is prominent in this heritage.The concept of popular culture stemsfrom a reality that is present in villagelife, where there is room not only fororal tradition, crafts, music, dance andtraditions, but also for rural communitypractices such as social organization,traditional medicine, historical memory,ecology and the methods and alternativecommunication channels and methods,amongst others.Popular culture also comprises thedifferent social spheres in which it iscreated and recreated : indigenouscommunities, rural villages, and urbancentres. That is to say, the environmentsin which popular culture is expressed aspopular ethnic, rural, regional and urbancultures. This culture is generated as aresult of an intense dialectic betweentradition and renovation which gi vesrise to new and surprisingly energeticforms of cultural and artistic creationand of different ways of life.

Peru The living cultural heritage is comprised - - - - - - - - -

of music, song, dance, rituals, customs,traditions and other related activities,formed by the genuine artisticexpression and artistic creations of apeople with the aim of disseminating,promoting, conserving and preservingthese expressions and activities.

Venezuela In Venezuela, instead of immaterial or - - - - - - - - -

intangible heritage we use the term« living heritage» or « living culturalheritage» to refer to the whole range ofexpressions covering verbal and non-verbal systems: languages, dialects and

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March ?OO 1 n '"

idiolects ; mythological representations;oral forms of verbal creation; religiousand magical beliefs and practices; skillsand expressions that are technical,erotic, playful, artistic, architectural,literary, warlike, economic, political,scientific, technological, religious andphilosophical. The expression of thesephenomena is visible in the past and thepresent, and in both cases it isinseparable from the individual andgroup contexts, acts, behaviour andactivities in which they take place.

__lentification and documentation offolklore, 8 March 2001, p. 16

Identification (inventory) and documentation of folkloreQuestions (v) to (viii)

(v) Date ofsetting up ofthe (vi) Updating and computerization of (vii) List ofinfonnation contained (viii) (a) What collection and (viii) (b)inventory inventory in the inventOly documentation is undertaken? Involvement of

traditionalbearers in thisactivity

AfricaRenin* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Ethiopia * NA NA NA J" reply (. .. ). NA. NA2nd reply (I6.IU)O) : The Authority forResearch and Conservation of CulturalHeritage will collect Cultural Heritagein museums and make the sameavailable to visitors and researchers; itwill organize exhibitions to be held anddisplayed in the country or abroad.(article 6 (4) of the Proclamation n°209/2000).

Madaf{ascar 1995 (debut des recherches et de Publication restreinte des rites sous (Voir annexe). - - - - - -

la documentation) forme de depliantsProjet de creation d'une banque dedonnees culturelles en 2003

Republic of Il se fait au fur et amesure des Oui. Pas disponible. Elles ont ete entreprises depuis - - -

Guinea* creations. longtemps dans les universites deConakry et de Kankan et font l'objet dememoires d' etudiants.

Zimbabwe The years in which the Yes. A list of information contai ned in - - - - - -

inventories were set np vary from the inventory of intangible culturalinstitution to institution. heritage of Zimbabwe payingHowever, the National Archives particular attention to all theof Zimbabwe, which is also the institutions devoted to OralSecretariat of OTAZI (Oral Traditions work will accompanyTraditions Association of the questionnaire. (not yetZimbabwe), is the most relevant received)institution which is furtheringsetting up of inventories. Theinventories were set up in /968.

Arab StatesKuwait NA NA NA - - - - - -

Palestinian NA NA NA Collection and documentation are - -

Authority* partially available in some non-

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 17

governmental institutions.Asia and PacificIndonesia * In 1995. Yes (updating and computerization). 1. documentation on cultural They are in the form of books and tools. The producers

values of ethnic groups (500) and « traditionalbelief organizations (921) bearers» submit2. documentation on arts of artistic some of theobjects (2540), art organizations findings.(89676), artists (152448), arttrainers (6729), legal artorganizations (1883), trainingplaces (2753)3. documentation on archaelogicalpreservation of immovable culturalobjects (5312 sites), movablecultural objects (74205 pieces),conserved immovable culturalobjects (1607 sites), restoredcultural objects (396), conservedcultural objects (400 items),literaturists (902), linguists (350).

UIO People's - - - - - - - - - - - - -

DemocraticRepublicMyanmar* Not yet. NA NA Individual compilers and publishers do - - -

them.Republic of 10 January 1962. Yes. See attached list and brief - - - - - -

Korea description of « importantintangible cultural properties ».Information on other intangiblecultural properties such as folkmaterials and city or provincedesignated intangible culturalproperties is not included due to itsenormous quantity.

Europe and North AmericaAndorra * Les donnees de l'Arxiu ont ete Qui pour la premiere phase. La (Voir annexe 1) Il ya actuellement le projet Memoire. Les

recueillies en deux phases: deuxieme est en cours. communautes- Resultats de I'etude productrices yethnographique d'Andorra, sont impliqueeseffectuee entre 1993 et 1995 sous seulement dela direction de professeurs du forme passive, aDepartement d'anthropologie de titre informatif.l'Universite de Tarragona.- Proiet Memoire initie en 1996

Jentification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 18

et en cours encore aujourd'huisous la direction du serviced'ethnologie.

Austria The information system INFOLK During the coming three years, experts - - - - - - - - -is the preeondition for a complete will be active in networking allinventory of collected materials. relevant archives within the systemExperts in all 9 federal provinees INFOLK.and in South Tyrol are presentlyworking on the informationsystem INFOLK and similarwork will probably start in thenear future also in Germany andSwitzerland.

Bulgaria Since 1993. Continuing the line of development of - - - - - - - -

computerized inventories of traditionalculture and folklore, the project«Living Human Treasures. List ofActivities» was due to start in spring2000. It is aimed at updating andoptimizing the inventory with a newaecent on the bearers of traditionaleulture and folklore.

Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Cyprus * In 1970. - - - - - - - - - - - -

Czech Republic Des fonds de collection sont Les ensembles de eollection abrites (See para (viii). Les vastes ensembles de collection sontsystematiquement mis en place dans les institutions mentionnees au publies et les temoignages conserves dedelmis la fin du XIXe siec1e. para. (ii) sont catalogues et publies au la culture traditionnelle et populaire sont

fur et amesure. L'Institut de la culture documentes aI'aicle d'enregistrementspopulaire cle Straznice qui a ete charge video. Dans la periode posterieure apar le Ministere de la culture de I'adoption par la Conference generale clepreparer la version nationale du I 'UNESCO de la Recommandation deProgramme de I 'UNESCO « Les 1989, les grancls ensembles suivantstresors vivants de l'humanite» sous le pOltant sur la culture populaire ont etenom de « depositaires d'une publies:tradition» est en train d' etabIir un - Recueil cle chansons et musiquenouveau registre cles travailleurs de instrumentale de Moravie et Silesie deproduction artisanale. 1819, publie par l'Institut de la cultureL'informatisation du registre fait aussi populaire de Straznice en 1994.partie clu projet. Recueil des chansons populaires

tcheques de 1819, publie par l"nstitutcl'ethnographie et de folklore deI'Aeaclemie des scienees de laRepublique tchCqje en 1996.- Danses populaires de Boheme,

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 19

Moravie et Silesie, I-X, documentationcomplete audiovisueIIe sur les dansespopulaires en Republique tcheque,Institut de la culture populaire etStraznice, 1994-1996.- L'artisanat populaire et la productionartisanale populaire en Republiquetcheque, documentation video surl'artisanat populaire, Institut de laculture populaire de Straznice, 1996-1999.- Depuis le folklore jusqu'aufolklorisme ; un catalogue desassociations s' occupant de la culturepopulaire, des ensembles folkloriques etdes personnalites de la culturetraditionneIIe et populaire en Moravie,Institut de la culture populaire deStraznice, 1997.- Les recits exprimes par les chants(recueil de ballades populairesoriginaires de la region de MoravskeKopanice), cditc par le Musce I.A.Komensky, Uhersky Brod, 1995.- Les chansons originaires de Bystricepod Lopenikem, publiees par lesEditions musicales Kneifi, Prague,1997.- L' Association folk:lorique, organismequi chapeaute les ensemblesfolk1oriques, publie, aI'usage de sesmembres, quantite de materiels divers(par exemple la notation et les parolesde chansons, mocJeles de broderie, etc.).

Finland In the first half of the 19th Yes, they are updated and the For a short overview, see para. - - - - - -

century the collection of folklore computerization is in good progress. (iii).chiefly relied on students (inaddition to Elias Uinnrot, thecompiler of the Kalevala). Fromthe mid 19th century onwards thepress also published requests tocollectors that met with anenthusiastic reaction. Towardsthe end of the century a network

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 20

of collectors was created, guidesto collection were written andfolklore collection wasencouraged in general. This urgewas also answered by variousorganizations and educationalestablishments. The FinnishLiterature Society was foundedin 1831 and the systematiccollection and inventory workbegan immediately.

Germany - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

lceland* - - - - - - - - - (See attached text: lecture given by - - -

HallRerour Gislad6ttir).Israel These inventories were The inventories are constantly (See attached document giving a - - - - - -

established in 1966 for Hebrew enlarged following documentation of sanzple qfdocumentation.)illuminated manuscripts, in 1979 additional objects, and updated withfor ritual objects and cross-references following research.archaeology, in 1981 for fine arts The Index is computerized and isand in 1992 for synagogues and being prepared for Internetritual baths. accessibility.

Italy* In 1978. A new inventory of It is computerized and only partly List will follow. (not yet received) - - They arefestivals, music and oral updated. involved intraditions is underway. research

programs run byuniversities ormuseums.

Macedonia * - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Poland Since the 90s. - - - A list of information contained in (see attached pages. Concerns also point - - -

the records of the Radio Folk iii)Culture Centre as well as a printoutof the national database of folkartists and craftsmen can beobtained upon request.

Republic of The inventory was established in - - The Register of forms of national Combined and specialized expeditions - - -

Lithunia 2000. intangible heritage of outstanding take place each year. They are organizedvalue is being build up. Such by institutions dealing with research andcultural expressions like cross- culture and by non-governmentalmaking, palm-branch (verbos) organizations. Various materials onbinding, Shrove Festival, burial folklore and traditional culture are beingcustoms, ancient polyphonic songs documented during them.(sutartines), black pottery,Christmas Eve customs, weaving,etc. are included in it.

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 21

Romania 1927 (AIEF) ; 1922 (AFC) ;1970 (AMB).

The inventories are up to date. Theprocess of informatization is on thestage of project.

Thc archives contain millions ofitems, preserved on differentsupports (wax cylinders, tapes,photo glass negatives, photos,films, audio cassettes, videocassettes, COs). All folk categoriesare represented: fairy tales,legends, memorates, oral histories,ballads, lyric songs, charms,instrumental music, folk dances,customs of calendar and familycycles, information from alldomains of oral culture,manuscript studies, outlines,sketches, musical, literary andchoreie transcriptions (more thanmillions of pages) which coverritual and non-ritual domains.

SQain ' - - -Latin America and CaribbeanArgentina *

rJlrazilDominicanRepublic*

There have been several periodsin which material has beencollected, starting with the FirstSurvey of Folklore in 1921. Themost intensive activity occurredbetween the 1930s and 1970s,with the initiatives of the thenInstituto Nacional de laTradicion (National Institute ofTradition) - which in 1970became the National Institute forAnthropology -, The NationalFund for the Arts between1967 and 1973 and theprovincial universities andinstitutes.

In 1976, with the creation of theCentre for the Inventory ofCultural Assets (Centro deInventario de Bienes Culturales,

No.

No. The Centre for the Inventory ofCultural Assets hopes to implement acomprehensive information system forthe overall heritage of the Dominican

It would first be necessary tocollect and centralize the availablematerial, then classify and registerit and disseminate the results.

(See in the annex the sample/ormused in the regional inventory).

There is no systematic nationalcollection, but rather individualinstitutional projects. Such is the casewith the National Institute forAnthropology and Latin AmericanThought, which is currently working onthe following projects: thedocumentation of the traditional wisdomof the Southern Argentine Puna region,the documentation of the music of theimprovisational repentista poets; theethnomusicology of Chiriguanoindigenous groups - the Chane ; popularsongs of the province of Corrientes ; thebelief systems of the Punilla Valley(Cordoba) ; a collection of popularsayings and proverbs of currentArgentine language; the Buenos Airescarnival.

The tradition ofthe carnival,activelyinvolving the

identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 22

CIBC) as a dependent body of nation which will be able to contribute bearerthe Secretarfa de Estado de to the development of the national communities inEducacion, Bellas Artes y Cidtos cultural. the development(State Ministry for Education, of their materialFine Arts and Worship). Later, in expression.1980, the body became anadministrative department of theOficina de Patrimonio CuLturaL(Office for Cultural Heritage).

Mexico It varies from case to case. Yes. In the case of the Department for The Centre for Information and - - - - - -

The Centra de lnfonnacion y Popular Cultures, a System for the Documentation has designed fiveDocumentacion (Centre for Information and Documentation of ceduLas, or registration forms, oneInformation and Documentation) Popular Cultures (Sistema de for each of the collections, whichof the Direccion GeneraL de lnformacion y Documentacion de hold the data that is entered intoCuLturas PopuLares (Department Culturas PopuLares, SIDCP) was set the SIDCP. These forms serve tofor Popular Cultures) began up, which so far has 160.000 entries, indicate the specific characteristicsoperating in 1980. Work classified thematically under more (and at the same time similarities)continues on gathering and than 1 300 subject areas. The day-to- ol' each type of material.updating the heritage collections. day work of the Centre for The MARC (Machine ReadableThere has been ongoing Information and Documentation Cataloguing) Format guidelinesconsolidation of the rest since consists in the recovery, have been used on these1990. categorization, conservation, registration forms, in order to

registration and updating of the five facilitate the exchange ofheritage collections and consequently information with other data basesof the data base. using the same format.Seventy percent of the material in the (Annex containing the « 5collections has been computerized. ceduLas» missing).

Peru - - - - - - - - - - - -

Venezuela - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 23

Replies to extracts from « questionnaire on the application of the Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore (1989)Identification of folklore (question 5) (concerns only the questionnaire sent in August)

a) Lists and inventories offolklore institutions b) Databanks of institutions dealing with the c) Classification systems d) Creation ofa standardintangible cultural heritage (collection, cataloguing, typology offolklore

transcription)Are there lists and Ifyes, are If yes, are Does your lfyes, indicate lists of Are they coordinated (a) Is it lfyes, atinventories offoklore they they country have 1l1enUS covered by nationally, and (b) encouraged? what level?institutions? regionally computer- databanks of databanks. regionally ? national?

standardized? ized? such regional?institutions?

AfricaBenin * Non. Toutefois, il NA NA Non. Toutefois, au niveau du Non. Non. NA

existe, sous la tutelle du Ministere de la culture et deMinistere de la culture la communication, il existeet de la communication: le projet d'appui alale projet d'appui ala valorisation du patrimoinevalorisation du musical et choregraphiquepatrimoine musical et du Benin (AVPMCB) quichoregraphique du est une structure specialiseeBenin (AVPMCB) ,Ies en ethnomusicologiemusees nationaux et le beninoise. Les menusBureau beninois du droit offerts par ce projetd'auteur (BUBEDRA). concernent I'organologie,

les musiques, chants etdanses traditionnels duBenin.

Ethiopia * No. NA NA No. NA No. Yes. Nationalandregional.

Madagascar - - - - - - - Projet de creation - - - - - - - - - - -

d'une banque dedonnees en 2003.

Republic of Non. NA NA Non. NA - - - - - - - -

Guinea *Zimbabwe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Arab StatesKuwait - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Palestinian - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A uthority*Asia and PacificIndonesia * Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Not mentioned. Yes. Yes. National.

,dentification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, p. 24

Lao People's - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

DemocraticRepublicMyanmar* No. NA NA - - - - - - - - Yes. Regional:

ASEANCOCI(AseanCommitteeon Cultureandinformation)

Republic of - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

KoreaEurope and North AmericaAndorra* Oui. Une liste Non. - - - Non. NA Non. Non. NA

d'associations.5

Austria Yes. (Reply 25.8.98) Yes. Partly Yes, some. - - - - - - - - - - -

Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Cyprus * Yes. Partly. Partly. Yes. Available at the University Yes Yes. National.of Cyprus (Department ofMusic).

Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Finland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Germany - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Iceland* Yes. (reply 20.8.98) No. Partly. Yes, mostly - - Yes, institutionally. No. NAstories, poetry,songs, beliefsand customs.

Israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Italy * Yes since 1978. No. Yes. No. - - - Nationally. No. - -

Macedonia * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Poland - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Republic of Yes. No. Not yet. Yes. - - - Yes at national level. - - - - - -

LithuniaRomania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

S12ain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America and CaribbeanA rgentina* Yes. The information is - - - Yes. No. - - - Work was under way to In research - - -

available in the National put together a institutions

5 Translation.Identification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001 n ?"

Institute for classitlcation system for such as theAnthropology and Latin crafts and craft methods, a NationalAmerican Thought. The system which is partially Institute forNational Market for operational. For budgetary AnthropologyTraditional Argentine reasons, construction of and LatinCrafts holds the list of the system was Americanbodies involved in the suspended. Thought, thecraft industry. construction

of typologiesof the typesuggested bythe documentis notappropriate.This type ofdirectory isno longerused byspecialists.

Brazil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Dominican Yes. Yes. No. Yes. Audio recordings, No. Yes. National.Republic* decimeros (singers of

popular ballads), religiousfesti vals, carnival.

Mexico - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Peru - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Venezuela - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

ientification and documentation of folklore, 8 March 2001, D. ';~6