SupplemtJnt to loololoalcal Abatrec:tt

International· · Sodety · for the·· ..

.Socbbgy

... of Knowledge

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THE INTERNAnONAL SOCIETY FOR THE SOCIOLOGY 0!' KNOY/LE!DQE (ISSK) was founded In 1972 to promote the devolopment of theory and method In the study of the relation between social structure and consclouaneas, to encourage and sponsor reaearcllln the so­ciology of knowledge, to stimulate scholarly pubUcaUona. and to foster cooperative relations among par:. one f!lnd organizations engaged In the study of the aoclotogy of knowledge and related studies, on a national and International bAsis. Olllcara ot the Society are:

PRESIDENT Kurt H. Wollt, Brandeis University

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR William D. Phelan, Trent University

EDITOR Volker Meja, Memorial University of Newfoun·d-

land

MANAGING EDITOR . Leo P. Chell, Socloluglcsf Abstracts

ADVISORY BOARD Joseph Ben·DJivld, Hebrew University of

.lerusalem Fred 1~. Blum, New Era Centre. England RobertS. Cohen, Boston University Amold Cornells, University of Amsterdam Diana Crane, University of Pennsylvania Gerard DeGre, University of Waterloo Robert Friedrichs, Williams College Joseph Gabel, UnlversJte de Picardie Agnes Heller, Budapest Burkart Holzner. University of Pittsburgh Alberto lzzo, University of Rome · Paul Kecskomell, Brandeis Unlvt"n;lty Jacques l.oenhardt, Ecole Pratlque dell Hautas

Etudes Herbert Marcuse, University of California 11898-

19791 Adam Schaff, UNESCO Social Science Center,

Vienna Rudl Supelt, University of Zagreb ..1oM Vldai-Benayto, Universldad ComJ:Iutenso cl&

Madrid

The purpose of this Newr.fetter Is to promote discussion among disCiplines as well as within sociology, to encourage an lntematlonal ex­change among schol~rs who vory often work In the Isolation of their own traditions, to help define more clearly the analytical problllmt associated with the sociology of knowledge, and to sharpen the methodological tools necessaf')i for their solution.

INSIDE THIS SPECIAL ISSUE

Herbert Marcuoo 11898-1979)

Tho approach of the Newsletter Is Informal, allowing tor the ex· chanae of Ideas end for the discussion of research projects dur· lng the early stages of formulation. It will contain short articles, crltlctl reviews, abstracts of papers, reports on current research contrlbut&d by readers, reports on teaching, and news of meet­Ings. News of research, contributions, and suggtJstlons.should b!tsentto:

Vo~~:"$r Meje Edl\or ,ISSK Newa/&Hor Department of Sociology Memorial University of Nawfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland A1C5S7

1881< Member~hlp ratn which Include subscription to the Newsferter ere as followa:

lt\ldlntt: $3.50 one year: S7fortwo years: $10 for three yoar; Ordinary Mtmblr1: $5.00 one yett; $10 for two yeer~: 113.50 for

threi)'Ul'l ContrtbuUnt Membera: $15.00 per year lponeortngMe=nbera: $50.00 per yr,er lnltltutlonef t..beortpttone to Nttrnlttfer. S7.00 per year

ChacQ, payoble to the lnternallon:.l Society for lht Soclotoay o1 Knowl.ctge (ISSK), thould bt '""'to:

Wlllltm D. Phelan ISS.,, Executive Director Department of Sociology Trent UniVersity Peterborough, Omarlo K9T78S

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PRlFACE Th<! 111n~\ i>Uperflcllll N'IU'Hlll tr.r <l~r\trii'Jflj., th~~ ~~~

""<" <:;!' o-lr !;cw~ll!lter lt> lfl!rl,.,r~ ~!llr~u~,. In thn~ ~ ... -,,.r. n M<!l:l~·•r ur our ohlvb.-,l')' llllnr<l. "nit> fnr "''<"II nerl\;u~ 1'1"111!<•11 In th'>t I><• c:.n I•<' "~:!'""' ~f' !:':'."<: b~t'fo " ~.,I'J 11':pllrl>Lilt <'•llltr! but•lr to;o th~ not'lolury nf ~nr:wl<"dl(l!, J-.•r llc 0 Ilk<• hin friNl<l~ MCI II~IIOeflltt•~ llf th~ ~r>-~r,;ll<'r! ~'rt.:•l<fu!'t S.·!;<·,•: -~ r..,n lik<' 'th<•nokr II .. ~1c.rr.~, :.:IU lt<>r~hri""-'1', l<'o L<>'J<'Illhn1, <>r ~:rl<:h l'r-:=, •.o toi!Ul!on t:.~ bczt-l<lo• "''' '11:l·:::u.o, '.h<'l:l -· hi> I'll pr<:vlded 1.11 \lith M un•.Jydn ,r o•>r ""~l•·ty wt:t~!l lnt'll.ldt•n W'l<l l!!lpll<•" 'lZ\ nnuly~l·• uf Jt·• 1nt<'ll<••·:.u~l 11:" ••ni :tn prod•tctn.

71,._, ,.,.rly "n•J liJl<>:Jl!l."lt•~•lin 11rrr<'~!'1 1.!ut,8 Vhld! \l<.'r" I•I'<.'O<'U>~rl ~·n ,',u.:ur.t )0, l?T\1, nt u,._. W'll,tuLl =~"tin~ c! th•: ,\r.o~·rie!L!l Fo:.-l.>ln~!cu.l /.c~~dl!.tlon 1n Iktton, ~M

KURT H, WOLFF

It' niJ..':lC is ~>"o1ff. 1,'~ '>!'C hl!l"" t::. co~~::~or"t." ilcrtcrt. /·:flrcu~c, :..1 .•. !t. tr, no:;;, l.t' ·.!rnJ Cflln:ort f-nm c·r.::JC•c:~t.rr.tilli. ~11 hi5 ;:!'t:,Jt"/• .Uthr.u~;t· th'l nee.-d ·o~c hu.v·~ of bin Ull:i tl:e n·~~d h!' h..:; or :~n nl,v:!n••:tly r•rc !nr:o:::pu­r£&t'le, .:-ur:> is greater: !:lco:.pa: .. i.ly o:tr.,llt'lr, pr·cr:19c~. r;o gre:.t.. I, 1'o.r Cl~··, C'lllnct. evr.r: t>eltc•.-"! ~l:.ll.t. !!c-rbl!r~ J.!llrcusc !:J d!'nd, He ::;o l!n~:~. ·

l .'l.'ish to thar:k lhlseell Dyne/J M:1 Alice ~·e:-s of the /.mcricnn :illc1vlogit'aJ. A'i:!locintion for prov!dir:g the tilllt' 'l.."ld plnce of our gathedng. TIIill &!l":.her•1ng, cf ctm.rae, ca., be r.oth!ng but a. most preli.t:llllo.cy VUJ .:Jf ccclr,c to 'tCn:tS 'lith Herbert J.larruse. Th~re have been 1111c!. the~ l>'i11 be 0. sreat mM)' ~:~o're ~reetir.iz; iri hl11 hc.nor, nnd f.2!!.£. CIUl be Wl.Ything but prelit".ln,.n·. 'r®iE;ht, a',-,f:ll!" 1'rienrJ.s, n\.~o~denta, colleugucn of Herbert. M11r~UU!' \llll sey l>'hatever it is that pt'esses thr-:11 moat on thln occa­r-icn. •n1at is, \le'll have b. mu:ber or t-rier per:JOIIfll :>to.te::.ents that; d.l'C tU.stingub~cd l:J• t.netr gcn'.li!tent.sn a.'td variou11nesn, thus retJ.ectins t'll<: t"QI'It:.tre'. <Jf the tt.uny that charo:tcteri:e1 the 1111111 '!:hey reca.ll.

l hh\'C been &&ked liy t\1~ :Jeraona to road their !IIf!&sagee becauae, unt'ortunately, they cnnnot be l1ere. One ia LEO LOWENTI-W.:

"It i3 vith Pro!o'und ~sre~ that I am •mnb1e to be Pf't."llent o.t the occuion c.r pu,.ving tr!bute tc. the 111emor,y of Herbert Hareune b,y t:!l!cber:~ lln1 o.na:>~iate'J of tl:.e _

· soeiologicll.l. ~ommunity.

Herbert \18.i1 =v- \Jenrest Wld oldeat frienr.l. and fer l!lan,Y deco.de.tt cy intellectual u.nd scholar~ comn.do-in­an-..s. We h11.ve J:ncr.m t'och other- for QJ.most half n cl!ntl!..'"'JI' nnd aho.red fl. l1 'fe -- of't._.n At. 1':!.~ .. ph:ytr.J cnl pl'O:d.IU t:t in many dimens!cna: theocy, politics, the e.rto, t.he llcgelian-Marx1M tratUtion, intbiste fumi!y ~lo.ticma. Cl' lll1. vho J::OUl"n him I consider cy!lc.l.f as one of tl.te principfll. 1:1oumers, the Only s1.1i-vivor (certainly vith­out ~ritorioua :lnim) ot' a philosoptleal., cultural, and ~:~oral pcrapec-tlvt~ l>'hich had !oun1.its in.tttitutior.s.l. !'rwne Jn the lnst.!.tute' r..t Social RcseiU'ch in FrankfUrt, Genova, ilev York, Los 1\ngelea s.nd &gain Fra.:Ur.::urt.

I send ey va.r~nt r:ttllcs:to.l and ~raonlll gTeetinttJ to all of l!erbert'a fr!o:r.ds present at thia ~~~eetir.g to 1-:or.or one of tbe most significMt social and socit:>loa:t­c&.l. phi1osoprern ot thh er11.."

'l'he ,Other is ,JEREMY J, SJ-W>IRO~ ll tiUCh younger fr1er::1, au well an a LrMnlntr>r, or ll'lrbert. ~lo..rcuou's:

"!~en CIUl die 'olithout anxiety if they knw thl'.t vhnt tt;ey love ill prctected !'ram lltisery nnr.l. C>hlivion, After ,_ fulfilled l!fe, tbey may tn:te it. u!"'n <.:~::::;:;:. • .,.a t\J cue -- at a 11101:1ent or their choosing." (Eros and CJv!lh!ition) ----.

Wlla.t. men M1 \IC./ILcn love ha.a probably never b~e:'l len protected trcr:t l:llaery O..'td oblivion than during u.o t1tne l(hen llerbert Mo.rcuae, 'l.'ho vrote ti>Oae vorda, lived and die1. P.:t.rt ".Jt hta gr<:c.tncs11, in vhtch ho tc"k. 4fh1' hl.o O'Jn culto~re hero, Orph~:un the l!b~rator, vhr. (dth gflnU· ine phlJoDr;;/ty) "renponda t.o the fact of death vlth the Gre11.t Rvl\iPal," iP t..> have atrinned thin pnuuibility of both ltfo: llfld r.l.t!ath 'l!thout !U!xl~:ty o.t "tll'll!! -,hen ~wn • Abrtdged \11th the nuth:'lr'n pemiralon,

'''"" h· r<'ha 1!. tntn <ilr<'C"t.lou; llkt~ Mnr<:uue'• vork• -"tdrh, ':lf e(luro.,, "'"" IU'l tneo~11nbl.)' r1<:hlll' •t.oreohollle-­tr.u"' rl'cDl\1!ct11,na llr.<l nn~ .. ~~~""'nto, tou, hail... lln1ir uo-: '"' ~·:~t·ccn rrr.:!L wht~h to fli)l'M fnllif!htll Jnto t.he 'm!u<i' or <H<r "''d"ty.

w,. put•llnh tho•m <UO n mnd,.cr, ~~rlal t.o t!,.rt>ert. ~r.rc•;,~c. t'rn"' f'onv .. rnlltlntu• vttb him"" thll ll~r.Jolo&V <-f kn.:n>'ll•J,;._., l knt'V thnt be w•mld t,.., pleased !lnd tnt.er­... ate<.t in n te1ulln" or !:in vnrk rrDm ita P"tapecUV<!. lt wctll1 h· ·• rJm.• N!c•Jlt "r u,., f>rt'M•nt laau,. or the tr."!:.J..:.:.!..!:!:.!: 1r 1:. ntlm'Jl"t"d ~~~.,.. ln':i!vtduLl or h":liv:ldu­"'' ~-' ... ~.L11r1>. .,n oudo 11 t"lor..

r.urt 11. llulff, Cuett. Editor.

Hr .. ~ nnx1cty hu bel'n rendert>d prub1ec!ltiC by the t~·c·l-.ru;l-JfY t.:!' <lorn.innt1o'l. I do not. ltn011 "-'hether Mll.rcWie 1J •·d vlf.ho•Jt unxJ~ty ot. a m::r:ent c,f hill ovn cbaosing, E•Jt. ~ k11N 1,ho.t hr. d!C live a fulfJlleB. life, in vhich h~ "ll!l lll•i•~ ':.'.l re1nte t.o 'llh'l.•. he loved- thi!! earth• i"tl r·•·.::;>:;~, the~r crcat.!or.n <.lf bt>o.u':.y Wid Intellect-- aa tm.la&'", l.lu.•y ~ Pl\:'~o:ctc:!. rrCill mi:::cry u.d oblivicm, r.cctnc. tht'll: tr. the light of the Grph~c and NC"cil!lai_eti:: Sro: l that.] aVILir.ens a::.d E.berr.tea potential!ths that l.rl!

real 1n tldtle:t~ nni~:~o.te o."lrt ir.ar.im~~.+;c, ia oreanic and in­_org!LI:!c n;,:ure -- relll but in the un-erotic reality BUP­preoaed, Th·~:.~e potcnt.i•;lities circ•.hr.ccribe the te).os Jnhc!"t'nt. ir, thllm lUI! "Just. to be l>'hat they kre,'lr"'llbeing­the:-e,'' exi~:;t.ing (£!-oil an:! Civ!Hzc+;..!.on), Y.arcuae'a co:rtrlb:.ttioM us a l1bera~or, u a criticoJ. theoria't cont:t::l'TH"ci \(it~ ur.derata."lding L'td trMaforrd.ng our aoi:iet:y in 'th~ ligilt or it:~ hiuturiclll.ly apP.citic.e:sncipo.tor,y (Ul".J n;prcsll1ve) potent.ic.l, \(ere nou:talted t're: a doep core C'>f h~manity, •lignit.)', i::ng1natien, tendemeu, anct h'.ueCir that. Wo cnr.re.ctcrhed hi:l l11'e Wid penoill.l.ity, i1;rnu .. 1it;r'a <ll't'n.:n or a :::on-repre11nJv~ civilization, vhicb Mnrcucc at.~clf'Ptt!d to interpret• to ground ma.teriel.ia­'!:.i.zally, :uu! to help t'ealize. vaa alat.1 hill penone.l. d~~. It 1n!'•n'1JI':d his character and the di~etion ot l:b thmigh":,· 1'he i~ or Joy and 1'\llfillment; tile voice ".th!.c!t does not corlllllllld but sings; the gesture llhlch ~:ffe)"t; a:1d 1·ec:'eives; the .1eed Vbicb ia peace ta\d cnCs the 1at>or or conq~.<est; the liberation trc:n ti111e \lhich u:;ites :tiUl l>'ith god, 1:1an l(ith natur.., (Eros and Civilhation). 'I'he p011er 01' MarcuGe's con~:epta :nt1 the­un~:or:r,:rod.lllr.~·n&ture cr hla ~:C'l:lldt~~~~:nt to freedom, h&P­pitr'ss, ·rationality • truth, nnd Justice are: inti~:~ately lirJred to lib Orphic a."ld N&.~-·:!saistic inspire.tion. 'l'o l:.udcr.<'!::ud the res.l in the light of the possible tHat inlt~:re.'! in 'it W'Hl lle!'iues it is at 'the tBIIIC time an in­tel.!et>tual.. a Jr.Orfll, a.'td an erotic; a~:hievcment,

F'Jr tho::~c 11ho g:-ev up or lived viihin Mnrcuac 1a 'liPlltore of influ;:nce ll-"lr.l. aet:ivity, the manifestation ot these ch~&racteriutics in da1}3 lite \/ere Part of the "~~snin.<;J;" of Hs.rcu.ae. reople 'told "'.arcuse atorie• the wey !i~t:idim told tlllc:J or their vunderrebbes: not ao t.'lcl.t bec!l!l11e of hero l(orship u bec11.1.1se

1 JUIIt u \fith

HuitUc r!l!tbls and pre-Socratic philoaopbero, everyde,y ll!'e 1 converu~~otirm, and• especially, humor vere t.he place w!lere wisdom, reflect.lorl, and critique toolt.Hf~, the crigin11l 1o':WI of \.he U."l:!.ty of theory and pro.ctice, k~Vt:Z)'o.-::e "'hr.- har.l. I!I'Jch contact With Ma.rcuae knO'Io'll donna 1Jf ouch storJe::~, r.u ot the= be&J:euk 11.:1 attitude or lr­:-everc:lt, critica.l., aud sor:~etimrts almuat ob1treperoua blll:r.)r t.hat v .. a not; merely "' personal. idioayncruy llut rl!tbur linked !o!Arr.uae 11f spirit vith that. Joyful tralUicrtn­<leMe• beyond ull re"centi=ent, ot aurrcs.lbt pranlta, lllet:.:~che'a ga,y 11~tence, and MarJ~:'a queat.ion and anaver: "k'IIY thia courr.~ of hb:toey? In order that huanity :!::::!'"~!.~-· ::,..;.., ~"'an:r ui ii.a i'll.ll'-•:' ioiarcio.u.e:,. il.umor vu an &ver,rJB)" mo.niteata.tion or hill t!linkicg everything in tbe ltnht or it:J deterl::llnatc negation and in the intereat of vhu.t he Ol\llel! the "!2t2! of gratification."

Shc.ortly beto~ Kant'IL de~o.t.b in 1804 ho vu viaited by .1. doctM•, Kr."lt 0 ~tho vu ver,.· \leak a."ld coUld scarcely tiilll, VIJ\lld not nit oJovn before his suest, vho could not Uli1enttar:oJ h:!.a behb.v:!.or. K&.nt !:'.!'~tert-d all his atrcngth tr.d decll&ntr!.1 "The feeling tel' hum&."lity hu not yet left M," These l>'Ordo~ or Kant hold, r believe, tor Ma.rcuae, The !t!ellng tor t.\.lms.nity never let't. him. and ia embodied 1n htd worka Md vhat ve know ot htm as a person,"

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Juat now came 11 telt!phone lllCDD!ltf! froc Anr,eln .t'uv!o: ohe exprea&eol her regret not to h~vo been Llble to comro to t.h!e. ~:.eet!ng, but htwinc: t>~,.n <">:It <">l'" t.c.vn J•ac<:!ivr.l1 the invit"tion too late.

Tite aequence or t.h._. contribut.ic>nD .... i'.izh fullcv ';lul.l ~agreed on jwU. buforc thiD r:~ectin.-. by the ('o:\tritu":or!l. (!t. ';la.J olight:,Y ILltered by the editor.)

MAURICE R. STEW

Tovard tl'.e end of the a..unr..er, l!er'cer1. :·1".-cut:e died. All the preo11 noted :!.n prw~ing, upa!'"'~ !rc.m b:ir. r.:~~o'1;.' o:.>t:;er accoc:pliohcenta, he ';Ill.!; n mer~c::- or th'-' !!rfllldc~o :'""cul'.y frcm 1951. to 1965. Durin& thnt ~erioc!. he pui:l~tltr.c!. ~1:\'­eriLl h:portnnt book.a and nrticlt'& 1 "l.Jut. perl:apll c.f ~re ... t.­est inte~st to t.hi;~ group, he lo'f!!l n.ce..lor ed:.Jc~tlv~ :rresence on thiot c:Bmp:.JD fc.r stu<!ent.; ar.u !o.cu.lty nlike. He helped found anc!. t18ir.taill an innovative interdlt:ci­pllnaq pro£ra:~~ -- the !lillt.or,; or Ideu. tie" el::;o tnu£)'.t cour:;eo end B<'c!.t:~a in o. Croad ran~ or aubje~ts .,.h!.le holding IIJIPCinto:mts in both the :>i!o!lart:~~Cnts of PhiloiiO­phy and of FoUtf.ca. His course"on Advn..,c~d !ndu:strl~~,-:. Society vnere ne introd~-::ed· mllo'lY of the: ke;r co:1dept.11 ~n One-Di~:ensional !f.an, a book thc.t became c. lc.t:y tc>.t for

·e-roups in the ·Sixties, Vaa t.aken by thou:·;,utdu or intet·­ested undergraduates. !!e c.lso vos a m:~jor infl'L!cnr:l'! on graduatl!' stur!ent!l, a.01d one can poin:; to dl:ss.crtation& in several fields including botl\ sociolC/gy ar,J. p~ychol:Jgy, aa vell.aa poU~ica and philoso;:ey, thD.t reflect th•! impact of his teaching.

Since Au~t there have been cc=:e=orat.i•Jc Deet!ngs designed to .:::elcb~ate M1U·cuae 1 :J infl•Jencc on intellectusl. nnd·~oUticalllte. Kurt Wolff organbed onll e.urll_ dis­cussioo at the re.::ent meetings of, the J.:neri:10JI Sociologi­cal Aaaocio.tion, end one ~an IUII\\ll1et that 11imilar ovents •Jill take place else,.,here. Marcuse vu a centnl ~ml:lcr of a group of sochl theorists called the Ft·Mkturt. School1o'hc dt'!Ve!cped a ct·itical \l!r3ion of J.!a.r.Uum rdct•d at. interpreting teverol main MO~~>alieo vitl".in claso.ical J>larxism; especieJ.Jy th~ rise of :iaz:!.an; • the .r.bsenc'! r:r proletarian re,•olutiona in' ad·:anccd. !ndunt:r!al aoc:!.et.tea OJ\d the special a:yatem of oocial control bll3od on ~:~t.:Jo cons\JJ!!Pt:!.on or coml!lo:!itilla, ~nterttaim:.ent 111\d in!'or.r.ation vhich such societies evolve.

This is hardly the time o~ the place to upecit'y Ma.rcusc 1 a man:y contributions to critical theocy but it ia 1o'Orth noting that he vas one or but a "rev ~larxiot vritera to have any sort or significant. o.udience -- evon vhen he diaas:reed vith them - tlmOng the d!saeot.lnB youns people of the Sixtif'S.

Stephon Spender tells the ato:y about t.~.li O\lll surprise vbeo d:lring a huge e.uas mer.ting at the Sor"t.·onne in June 1968, he vas suJdenl;y olo'ept vith great cere~y to the podium, only to t!nd "Lhat he had been l:datal':en for Marcuae.

I vill ahare tvo memo:"ies o: lierbt:rt, The. N.rat goen back 25 :years to 1955 vh~:n I was :eyoelf a nw rae• ulty member at a very different Brandeia. :n fact • :::t goes back ev.:n turth"'"• !~ ::::;; !r,t.~rv1ev tor a faculty appoiotment. At that time, the universit}' being in its titth year, wu quite small having approximatelj'" GO fac­ulty, 600 students, nnd, if' you co.n bel"!e·~e it 1 13 buildings. There vas n ... separate sociology departr.~ent end the \/bole Schoel or Social Sd~nee hlld no l:llll'll' 1.hr.n 20 :llelll'bera. The committee in~ervir:wine me had several i=P:-eaaive persona. iocluding Abc Ma:slov, Frank Manuel, and Max Lerner, The ooe vho aved me the ~at vu Marcu~e. The cdddlt> section of hi.s bonk on Fe_!el, Rear-en and Revolution, contA.inll a brillhnt critique of reirication or aocial c~~otasoriea, includine: indicat.!on:~ hov 1-.'a.rx!an itsl'lf c:tulr!. bl!'eomo a form or obucurMtiSIU, 'I'hil book had. moved cc deeply, IUlr!. I placed its cuthor on a VCT'J higl: pedeatal. it 'ola:l 11 deligntful aurpriae

tuk nevtletter 5/'2

"to flnJ :<tarcune to b~ 11. mo3t f(ennrous 1111d l!,Jet:U hu&~u•"­OU:l inl.tn•vlewl'lr, vhosu j"lnssion for noci&l. ,1ustlce vun ::a';c!!¢d lo'!th grent eon:p113n~.~n toward in!llvidull.ls, even nuplro.ut o.t~nhtant r.r.:.!'ltOtlt-rll.

I 1o'l:..l pnos ~\·er clever. :,oeara ot' .:olleo.gueshlp nnd :'ri~ndship nr.d end c)' mer.ticnlr,~ 11 IIi de of Ha.rcuae that )'roba.bly 1B :1ttle knovn, In 1969, vhcn l vent on lenve n•.:::: llrll.!".delt for tv~ ycnro \.o 11·1c 1111d t.'lu.ch in !hs ll:tgeles, ey vire, yOung ~en Pn:~.l, end r uned to ·:!nit th•• tl, .. rctWell in Sll!l Dieg.:. II!:. ~ft.en w ve ::culd. On !1011\e \'11111.3 \:e voulr! ILl: t.ro.•:el to the Cw1 Ilit"go 7.oo vhere H·n-l•llr:. vould uha.::-e hill J.!elit>ht ln t.he Mi::mle \o'lth PaJl a.nd \ilth "Lhe rest. c!' us. lie love:l thin ::vo Md detplt.._. n.:.o Fr1Wsio.r1 patina of pat.\•rnlll 1!~;;~•it.y, ont= cculci aee c~ew-~)' \.h11.t. he .Lo•tiHi ch!::.liren.

It. VIIS a gre=!lt. privilese ~;:. h!!Lve:: l.eeo his colltaguc, an<l .Eirn.r.deill COl• be t:roud to hi!.•te been his fl:::adecle h01!:1e !'nr the yearll that he apent her~.

E. V. \t/AL.TER

for r-~, Herber: Marc use .:-ema.l.IID a mlitl ot' gre1\t CO'.Jt!l£0: and ill"tP.grity. 'll"•C i:o:.u"age !S ~bviow, He neve:r y!eld.ed. to !nt!l'tidt.tlor.. ::1e never sroid or vr(;te leas tblil", he thought.. As a thinker lltld vrl. tc:r hill in­tearit~· also· urgfld. the integrity of' Mcial. tt,ougnt. He never spproved or tho eou.'ltleu apecia!i:.~t.tionli in aca.­dacic 11 f'e, uom~tim::t exposing them ~ ms.."louvers to rr.t!lte Job:t, His vork reached over thu boundo.rtca or philoso­phY, B-Jdolog, psychology, ar.d p.:.ltti1'S - but there wu a pol!ticll.l.. mesnsc in this range. He tlioved us that the traditional.t.orderlinea bet\i"een the sepuate i!.acip:lllea and p~litio:al life "bave been i!lllde obsolete by the ci>ndi tion er _ltllll :!.n the preseot era." FomerJ.y <~.utonccoua areo.s or privr.te exbtence, he e.raued, 1o'ere· being ab&:trbed by public: exi11ter.ce.

When l.tarctLSe died this :year, oo=eone told me that the !lev iork 'l'ir~~s pri.nted a bioeraphical aketch co.r­r.ving the title, "'l"l'he Powe:r of Ne&ath•e Tt.illking." It st;qed. 1o'ith t:e -but not ir• the vey thi! !lev York Ticea intendttd - because !'(:ne=tinE on r:q wn rels.tionsfiip \o"i"th Herbert, :.-hicb goe11 'back .over tvent:y years, I 'IJMted to undcraund cct only the power that Clltabllahed hi'J! es Me or the coat !cportant nodal pb!loaophera or our titDC, n.:~t onJ.y hi a s.uthori ty u tho guru or the 11ew Lc:f't, not onl.;y his influecce ~devoted studentc, but a.lt<o his impact. oo ua, the friends vho loved hit~. I vnnted to know hov "lie clght u1e the pover or hill think­ing, nov that he no longer cxerciaea it hil:lllelf. !loll can !t-enable \ll!l to llvo vith the terrible kil.ovledge that critic!U inquiry yields?

In the epiloaue to Reuon end Revolution, Marcuac 1o'Nte 1 "3egel IIBV in the 'pover of negativit:y 1 the lite elecent. or the Spirit and thereby or Reason. 'l'hiB power of Nj,ga.tivit:y VIlli in tht iBSt enalyuis the paver to com­pnher.d lll!.d DJ.ter t.he ltiven facts in- sc:cordancft 1o'ith the dl!'ve:loping potentialities by reJecting the 1podtive 1

on::e it hl!od bec01:1.e a bt~.rrier to progress in freedom. ?.euon b in ita very 6Ssunce. CO:ltr&-diction. oppoaition 1

negation as long as fre:::i01:1 is not. :yet real." ·

HerOert vas never ocduced b:y the positivtt c:laima of aocialinatitution!l or politicolle!Wtl'!l, He expo111d the VIQII the:y contradiutcd the claims or reaaon end freedom. Some or his crt tics, the:t, condel!ll'1ed bia negative think­ing aa a journey to nihiUom, as a.n irresponsible expo­sure ot Ulllito.tiona and abuaeo, as a sour pesaillliam that. locke-d o~.t the eato.bl!ahad vorld vithout findins enythina: an:y good, How could anyone live vith auch e. Jaundicad v!"v at the vor.\d?

Bllt Herbert vu 011e or the 1110ot exuberant people 1 havo ever knovn. He enJoyed lifo thoroughly. He VaG a ..:heert".ll. peaoilrJ.ot., The power or hil paraonali ty varna us asa1nst tir&lo'ing W,presaive i14plieationa from the nes-

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5/2 JDok nevoletter

!!.'.i•:e :;,un.l!~!cz of !!!'c !:: ~~c r:rc::cr.~ -..:wrl;l.. !11h!l1Gk1 cyniciu~:~, n."li Ueprese!ve cond!.l.::t vork 11.11 contro.d1ctiCIObl to reus on tuid frce<lom. llcrber~' a Joyful ap!rit nega.tr;! the dreo.dt'ul kn~·lcdge rcveuled by crit1cal inquiry,

I·~ ra·lorite :::emory of Herb~rt t;OCII back to one eve­ning uo~e tir:~e u.ruun<! 1959 or 196::1. ;..·e ,,:ere invitt:d to o. ::tu:ler.t party at Brandeis U:1d t,Bd o!!nner toge~her first, tl:en took a lonp:; Vlllk, :O:t o,'fUI B cecorahle CO."\•

·;ersatio::, but ole shredded every 1Jc>l:!.tic11l p!!rDon, event, o.nd expectation, ani! by tt.e lacp or critical reason the ;.-reaent looked "Very blcuk anri tho! !'uture ever. ,..erst!. Then ,_.e proceedefl. to ·.he bu:!.l<llng 1-.ncn.m tw ':"ht" Custle v!lere o,:e had 11. vonderful tiee, and ev~ryollc dll."\Cc<1, O:e remained in h!gh sp1r! til l!ll'ld th,o: party lUl"ltt".! into ti:e vee houru. It 'II!:.S a delight to tee l!t"rbllrt 1r. the etrcl~ d"-'lcing al.:mg vith everyone else,

In t!lc lOI•IO Jl.:.n, Herbert bel!e\•eol, t:.'c h1stcri.:al proc:eus ',o'OUld not fto.!l us, 7h" vorr.t is ~·et t':J C'OI:.IC -· t1:.1t ita inc\'! table co.'l~rad.ict1or., I think t.e eor,tir.ut!d to believe, .,oul.! ,yi~ld so::;ething better than ·.;hat vc have kncr.m.

Alo."ig 1.1ith ex?osi:::g the obstructicr.s to reuon and. r.·eedom in "::be present. ficrbt"J't believed in the icp~r­tancc- of utopia:: thinking. The cur,nJ.=:~g cf reastn venvec pipe dreams into the e¢nt:-adict1on: of' reU.Hy.

J.U \o'ite, .Ruth, once asked him if he t!l.cul)ht it ~ere i1:1porto.nt to vork tcn:a:rd revolution and to ~oetir:ue po­litico.l education e•1en if the .Pl'ospect nee~:~e.i ins:111e, a.::~d he a.::~sverecl yea. because it ie ir::porttn"": tc prepare the people about vhet. 1a going to happen. An.i e•Nr cinee Three Mile Island, I ho.ve ap;reciated the wisdom of hit. re~~~ark, recorded by tbl'! ed.ltc:.ra of The Critical Sl:lir1t, tho.t "for a rational hU11111n being, the ritht to be fright­ened is the ccut important· one lett ted"',"'

Herbert's life a::d vork a."?d :t't;,r'llona.lity a:.sver t:1e shallO'~ clai111 that thingo are so bad Md the fl.;.tur~ loo:t:~ so hopt!less thnt there is no point. 1n vriting ur thinking or nctins. The paver of negative ·~11inldns transeends that. ir.ertia. Th~ critical a~irit is a high a~;~l.rit.

IRENE L, GEN:>ZIER

I offer th.!se n~tes u t.t:n\io.ttve ato.tementa, si£::6 of a trier.dahip reculled. Whet fo)~o.,.s h in uo aen,e ll.ll rwsesoment of Mo.rcuce•s intellectual or ra.LiticU itcpaat . on cy vork, let alone o. poaition en the vlllu~ ot his overall contribution to our th~ught. I leave this to othera tor the mo::~ent, as I do the t.a.si-. or recom1tructtnc

-the personul nature flt his quality as friend, inatructor, colleague. There is still, socehcn: 1 the foolish uncer­tair.t:r tho.t Uarcuae is only lo.te in hia 4l1Uuo.l atopo'ler nn.d that this exerciae .,111, in the end, ~~~:~usc hili!, s-;~ co.-itradicto:y does it uppear in "..he l.Lght or his r.J.most severe l'l.laerve.

In June,Marc;:se Vall on tr.~• ::lind. I r~cal! telling n cc..t:~~:~on triend of the elation, a strange term her~ per~ haps, that I f .. lt on rereading 1101:1e o!' hie earlif'lr ea­l''*''' ! vu, at the time, reading l;ia easq on We'o~r ir. eonnecdon -.,.ith aoce vork 1 \o'II.S doing, "Indust::"iall:.&­don nnd Ca.pi tn.li11111 in the Work of Max Web~r," vas au~h a cootrut vitb the uncritical litany or Weber vh!ch aplJea.red in the vritings ot political scienthta onsaged in the product:!.on of theories ot Politicnl l'evelopcen<;, 'There io no sense, that one CM diacern, in that l:!.terM ature, of the lidto.tions of' rationality or or i'tol double-edged qunllty in relation to eapitolic~ and par­ticularlY to t.ho vor1d or adva:1cod industrial ce.pi tnllam. There is no av!U'eneaa ot the t"Oiltradiction that ''in t~e unfolding of cap! ta.l.ist raticno.ll ty, irro.tf on ali ty be~ comes reucn: rea::o:r1 us trantie development of produc­tivity, c•.mqueat of n11.turo. enlargeZDCnt of the ::u.aa of goods (and their accenibillt)" f'or broad etreta ot th~ population); irra.tionD.l. beco.ua~ hi £her productivity, domin11.t!on of nature, and sucia.l vcalth bec~IQ!t deetruc­Uve foreea,"

P"il' 3

Thi» in not the p.lacc to .lecture on the fa111ngo of vho.t i'l! itnOio'n o.:1 "Hoderni:a.tion" or "Devclopm~nt 'l'heocy

1"

thou~l the ubir;,ult~· of these conc!!ptn va11ld ILlr.los~ Jua­ti!'y ouch a turn. llut 1 t VIUl against o. background c.r ':.hill lit~t&ture Md i'ts ,.,·ooden concepts that Marcune'a CSIHQ' fel.l c.m. recepth•e carl'. io'hat in ~larcuae 1 a ten b the expoue e.nd exposition of the politico..l nature uf 'to!chniclll rcnson 1 , is, in th!ll t=.!lteri£>1, understooli to l1e the ir::per!IO.'lal, vaJ.ue-free qu!l.lity that .Ustinglliahea h1th technolog)' nr:d rt~tiunalit:t ond the nature of IIIOd.er­nity vith vhich they tl.l'e Gecn to be allied, So peraia­~ent. ir. this inai11tence, e..'ld sc bla~lllltly doea it con­tradict Mother rt!lll.l.ty that. one is left Yitll a semre or ~ut:-1111ger..e!'ot ta~o~c.:rd su~h eo."\c"!pto.~lllizatton, or tovard ~letor:,• and contt"::porury a~tunlity.

":'h~ esany on "Asgrellsive::.t!nll in Advanced. Ind•JStrial­iz~:d Scd¢ot.y," vas Mc';.he't' yar~ of that June reading. >.!.!! &£!1.101 !.t rcsv:.:r.dcd ;m :lt!Veral level..ll. In the Context o!' tt.e s= 11 tero.ture to .,hieh I lun~ r?.tllrred above, there appea:"t: the pluralist-consensus viev ot Al:leriea.::~ e.q.e:-1en<:~. It 11'1 presc:iptive ~~t~d no~ti•te at the s~ t1::c. n'hat it choos.:.s to overloM is no>; the ''ll.l.Ue of mo;;!.erll.t.lon and tl'..Lltiple in~ere:::t:., but the roots of social conflict 1\."ld t.!1e 1)11.$1!8 ot social i~deratio.o. It is. not cnl:r vio.l.e!".ce ~"IJ. puver 'that :1re in. the alo11.dova, i.101t t!lo: og~,:nivenea11 vhich a. certain kin:!. or socic.l s~ruc:ture p:o:.otes tlllti t'!nda crt.~n~e at. 'lbere vas no det.cnici.~rr. 1n !-:areust:'n apprca.oh, s:!.nce here aa in Erot: &.:Hi Civ!li::ation t.l-ter'!! vas the prolllise or a leas deat:niil­tive :t'~t.tern \o'hic:h th~ encrt.eus walth and capability ot !ldVIlll~e'i indu11trial society, in i',hiu eoWltr:y at least, coulJ produce. And tho!re Yas tllc poetic undertcne, to bo. eure. ~ in~. the relentless retlinder o·t the pos­uibi~ty C..'1' n tenc!r.rnees in h~:ma.n rel11.tic.o.a; at cnce a drea. and Ill\ aaaertion of a potential transtormatic.n,

Cc.nversations vi th liarcuse verc occ:aaiena to diaeuas vork. 11.~d tne rele•;ant r.nd irrelevt.nt that·pusea in a c=c:n <iiscc.ur.!le llm:lng :!'riend!'l vithout question and vith o. dlent compreohension. But there vere ueu ot aignif­lcant d.iuagree::ll!nt in our exehnngec, particularly inaotar as they i::!.volved tht! Third World and the Middle East. In ti:ne I e~~~:~e to toi:l that Jl.a.rc.lSe'o Own criterion ot the

· esaen;.lal Fart or the truth, namel;!, that it inv.,lves a. "1·eeognit!.c.r. c.! the frightening exte!lt to vhieh history WilD !fl"'dt! anti recorded by nnd for the victors, that ia 1 the t!:xtr:nt. to vh1ch historJ 'IINI the devclop~nt·or op­prcsoion"(from the cc:to,:y on "Repre3aivt. Tolert.nce"), V'U o. position vhich he applied selectively. To the extent the.t li~ alloved himself t'' :~penk ·on the Middle East -- he i!d <10 in privatt' rather thun in public - thia do~l.e :~-ta.•uic.rc!. c~rged, :t had. its reuaona. vhich history, the :u:art. u..d the tlir.d collabou.t.ell to strengthen. It. vu c..ut o! hia O'llll iind European experience that Marcuae arsu~d. The non-:.'eatern 11orld in seneral, and certainly .that o1' the Arab Middle tast reMJ.nt>d profoundly "otb"er" to Mm; not en an i=ediate ll.lld personal level, but on a :::ore perviLIIive ll.lld deeper level ot being, But then the :politio:ul ~o::~seque::~cea c:.f the dia..:uaaion or the Arab­IJraeli crieia, vere acre than personal matten ot pri­vate delibel'ntion. And the i::lpe:-ative3 ot that criaia precluded a europoccr.triam which tw~kea i.i. ... .:...:...!.::;:;::::-::...-: 1mt.ur~ of t!1o.t .etrusg::..e. For Yh!l.tever reason, this vu o. IIUbJcct Y~ich int.P.rested Me.reuae, to vhich be returned in c<-nvcr:~ation, b11t o.'bout vhich he vaa not overly pre­occupittd, or Yell infonr.ed, It vas si111ultaneoualy too .,ersc.nal end too diotant, n dichot0111oua roaition Yhich he af!el:led to impose on tht" contlict i uelt. In a. larger sense, hcvt~ver. it vas not m~rely the pa.rt1e\llaritiea ot the l.rab-lllraeU cUlflict that vere involved but the large:- dimension of the nature of political tranotorma­tiontJ occurring in the 'l'hird \olcrld,

And yet. Marcwu~'s work ho.d not only spoken to 1101!111 ot the r.roblelllfl involved in these tranat'rrca.tiona, but to 101111! of those intollectuala ot tho3 Third World vho found WI echo of their long1np tor libcratiun in .hil thoul!'):t.

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DAVID KETILER

In the oco.dc::lic yco.r l9~2-S3, the aeccnd yc11.r nJ'!.er his deJinrture frc:~~ the Otntc Dcpzu·t.~nt, li~rbcrt :-lnrcucc offered 11. courae in the Sociology Depert.ner.t ut Col'.I:::Ula, and he called it ''the theory o!' !:Orinl e~!l."lr.e" {1:'1 con­trnat to o. course by Kingsley Dnvis vn thcorieu of r.cr:inl chanoe). In occ:c il:lportr:Lt'lt rcspc.:ttl, the ~cu,.r.c l'll!l!'r.:.­bled lectures on hiotoricnl Dor.:iolcgy giVe:l ol<'ll':'' t~er.~y

yeN's e&rlier by FrB..'lZ Oppenhcil:l nnd t!1rr. •:n:·) :~ru,nhdt:l

at Frank:Urt, and I believe that ll.n.reusc z.ubne-tuer.~~:i turned a\l'&y troc this Dort or orrcr111.;:. Yet. : ..,,_,,],.! !fit(' to make my contribution to our l'l!!'::oortn.l 1 '.lr :lnreo1:c- l•;,.r tl~ir.g DOa!thing about thi9 ec..urse. Pirlt, tee•~~" : ..,...., an eagl!!r and icpreutonable cecbc:r or thnt. clMr., to!Hl vant to share scr.~ reflPctiono on that exter • ..:,.:l. crcer>:..r.~cr

\lith !Ul audaci~;~UF or:: cneq;:etic !-'.nrcuae, 1r. or:l.cr t•J ~u-~

gest sa::tething abo:.1t his i~::portance to :::e u;d perhBp:< tv ethers of rifY gl!!nl!!raticn. Sc:orod, ~ecaus., I thJn.k tl1a". the stcry or t.he courne tells !.:upcrta:rt t.hi~~ aPout Marcuae and t:l~ help us to decide ho<~ ..,e ;Jhoulcl rc:r.CI:lber hia:. I bl!!gin vith a brief DU..":::nr"/ o!' the eour11c.

Durir.g the first te~, Ma.rc'..l5e period!~ed · ~~.e hio­toril!!:l or nncient Grec.:e (especially Atbentt) Rnd Rooe into parallel seque1:ces M! l:e cbaraeterizo:d the aoc!.U structure of medieval Europe. 'He soul):!it to c:Jf.ubHsh obJective critl!!ria- for progr11ss one! decline and 10eir;hed alternate explll:lati::ma for the decline cr tho clw::11icu::.. societies or antiquity, Progreso, ht!! ma.inta:tned, can be measured by the developc~ent of tleMa to s&tist';r h.zum needs and faculties, which arc thecl'el'lt>S ur:rJ .. ~going transformation. Decline is indicated by 11 C.. -inution of auch ceans. 'rhO!! civilization or antiqu!ty declined, l:e concluded, because it is not pcasible fur a sla\"e so::iety to sustain developcent and bl!!eo.:.llle the l!.truggle !"o:~r pc..11or \lithin the&!!! hierarchicel orders nevcrtbeleua preucd tbe aocietll!!s into overextending tbe::~sdves •. ll.edio!val Ch:1.s­tian society, he ars:ucd 1 represents an a.ri,justl!lcnt in the ' structt.re or anc:ient IIC!ciety, but nQt a !'.md.u.:er.t~ socifl.l change. M&.rcuae denied that there 'lere any i'undlltl.l!!:!.tal ehanges in socio.\ sy:;tem clurlng tb~J vh·a:., 11pa\1 of Ut:stern EuropeM history until the tiftl!!ellth and aixte~r.th ct:n:-

!:i:~li~~!e:r:: :~~=a;i::c~~ ~~;o:;;• ~~~i:~e:~~s · sh&ring bade eh~llctel'iatics llhich Marc~!u:i· found a-te­quate~ outliiled in Somhart'o and 'ro'eiler's account11 or preindustrial aocieties and epit.Oiti:ed in the II:Ot:!.cn of · "traditionaliii:O."

The emergence or modern civilization in the fern a!' induatrlal society, then, 'lii..S the only historict.l. ho)lp~n­itl8 Vbic:b has u yet aerited the d.~aignation so::lal cbange 1 according to Marcu•u~ 1 in the! full sen1e ot a change in the principle goVerning the syatec by vhich aoclety dew-lops nt=eds and faculties and the mean'f oi' aatist'ying thee. Marcuse exprenly der:ied that cha:ngin;; c:lua relation• con:atitut~s socilll change in his sense, and he stressed that hb conception ren:lered the .iistf.nc­tion betveen oa.pitallot and sociti.llst industrial socie­l'.iea relatively W!.icpcrhnt. There h cuculoti·.re prog­reas in induatrt~~ol sod11ty in ~ontraat to th .. ,.v,.H ,.,., hist.ori&s of the earlier type, but this progree.8 is r:ot itoelt ·Jocial changc., a;ud mey not directly bring i"t r.bout.

The dhtinguisbing feature or lnJ.uatria.l ao::hty is acquiaitiveneu, an unceasing extenrion o:' ;he productive mastery over nat•Jre acc011:panied lllld made possible by M iutern~hed social inJWic:tion ll8&inlt enjoyin; 'lbat ia produc&d. Marc:uue vent on to contraiJt liberal Me!. Marx.lst accoWitB ot thh aociety in ita capitalist form and cun­cluded vith a auncy or current tl:!ndenelea very simllf'r to bh p11111m11t1c projections in bh AttGrvord to the lY~:r'•nuuon or "'"••on ~ma revol~totcn; D..ltnougn 1nnu:1M trial dvUl:aticn depen4ed on the cruel p~:~r•:l.ox cr Wl­encUna deprivation ~Aid prC~resdve plenty, theN in lit­tle rro;apect or the n.,At soc:hl cli'lngco vhich vould ha.r· monize vants, racultiea, 'ind ~.eMs for aatil::faetion. Nareuae's tteory ot ar>cial charogro vu more M inhrpretu.-

l:uak newsletter 5/2

tivc ~bllrllcterJ:nt.10II tbM ur. !'xplWlntion. He did rcvicv n nur:!b3r c.r theories puJ"ForUng to nc.::ou."!t; for the revo­lutio:-.o.rJ chnnge 1'rCIII ce::icV'll to r.~::ctcrn civilization, l>ut r:1iled '.;o cuke n ::trvr.g or elt:n: cnn~: for o.n l;'.<plann­tion of bill ovn. There Vn.t~ n. l'llgl)>::Jtion tbllt '.he o;:hn::gc cu:ne abcu<: because :::otcy' c,;perlenced the old order ~t& np­pr~~sive Md. -.·ert: t"nabled to l1lJcrutc thl;'::ltlelvt:ll vhcn lt UecHr.t"d tcvo.rd failurt", lll'e!ur.nbly 1:1 the c;tcl!.cnl. FOt­tern, "t-ut this sur:;ge!lt.ion YBtl not elaborated. In t,l':c ~nd, t.hen, V.t1reu1~ offered 11. evntr~at bet..,ccr. t\lo l':iu':o~rie&.l

t.~·J o!' s~~iety, one e.p1Jrcximnting to nn !·lcn.l tyPe ~r r.co;:{,.~y llhicb ~ernits ~r~·tift:::ntir.n ;;r r.ec1~ flrd ~:,;"'rdse

,;;r hc:JJ.t.lt:G but fatnli.y fl9...,~:l "t-y COI•:li~ior:s \lhi•·h prc­Vl'tlt the dev~:lop!".cr.t or w:l~quu.te !:.tln:lto, M:i t.:;':! <Jthcr Jnhcrenlly progrecoive ir :::e=~ but syste:ntic!l.lly dct(f~ lng h=an f'ulfllltl'.ent. Cri~icisc •.muld see::! t.o:> de:::ruod :~o:~dfl.."i. chang" to on order ut111zirg the ne.,.l;r rle·tclopcd !::.cWJii 1'or h•.::an -=r.d!IJ but 11oc.lal in\.-erpri:tr.ticn e;n·1c lit­tle "l:;c•Ju:-ll.Ze:::.:nt ~hn'.. ou~:h ch::..r.t;e c~>."l be br•J.lSh~ nb~lt.

Tr.c atu~cntn I ~"'ev didr.'t accept thi:o reaGimisr::, n:.d \:.: ..!~bnt.ed urgently fl:.lor.g o:.~:sclvl!!t -:.~het!ler Ma.rcuse':1 $<1Ul~1ve ..:cncluaions 1o1ere sil:lply J;ruder.t aceo::::~c:iations to /J,cC:r.rtbytst A::eri.::a. A."ld ve didn't accept (o!" fully grasp) the \"en· rcut.r!.c~i ·,e cense HU!"cuoc g:~ve t~ the c.cncept of ur.Cit.l cl:"-'lSC· tlut ve 'let"C ~:x.l;ils.ro.t~c and encrghed by tbe CO!.tr!le. lie e>ffel'Cd us. a. ccrup:ehf:noi•;e ond ct:"~icnl.ly ch:a:ge:i context v.lthin '.lhil!h VI! could io­CG';;e nnd furtber the :ir.nc;vledge VI!! hall bcgw. to a.ccu::u1~ le.~e. It vas B..'l altl!!rnative to disciplinary conte:ct11 which Ofi.:IY !!X";!erieneed as narrmr and technical. Marcuse remler-:;1 releva:.t :::.uch tbnt vt: bi."l. bl!!~n learning !'r011: others, although he s.lso:~ er.ccurfl.{l:ed us to be dantJ;eroucly ;::patient \l'it"h ohJ,ct!ons and lllfficulties. j.,'o vore be­ing initill.ted into a \"ito.l dl!!bnte invc>lving the maJor voice3 of th11 cultural tradition. '

The chara:ter of.' the debnte Marcuse chos., to have us Join ind!cutes settl!!tl~ing about hie that I vll:lt to memori­Bli:e. The co•Jrae en social chang'!, vith ita radic.U nixlplificnticn a!' t1o1o t:fl~Cs of.' society, re!'leo,red contact ..,lth tho deb'ttes bctveen ancicnta to.nd moderns vhich 'lCI·e ccr.stitutive· or codern social theory. I do not mcll.ll to s11ggeat ~h ... "l; Msrcuse '1:0..'1 bt" understood ac reJ~carno"'..ir,n of those earl:,• gen~rc.ticnc, but ai~ly to call attention to Marcuse aa cout.inuntor of ·the t.u:nani&m or Sbo.f'te:~t.ury ani'. Fcrsusoo, of ll,on-r;esquieu Wid Rouueau.

1952-53 vas a til:!.:: of profound l"econoidero.tion for Htarouso. It is toucbir.g and chiract.eristically h\111'111.11lst thnt h.!} should haV'f' delllt llith t.hill intellectual cril!is by rc:turniJI.jj to origins, to the confrontation bct'leen the! cu.ltU!"e ot virtUe and the c:lv111:.at.1on of progreso., And so, oince memorials ore ClUintessentit.l.ly h\l::taniot inoti~ tutions, it aet:~:tl right to ce to reco.ll or. this occasion not M4r.:ufle the revolut!cnary- or dialectlco.l phil:>oopher, but Mo.rcu:sc the h:.=anist teacher and Dll8e.

llefore 11rrlving at the University of California, San !:'~-::.;:, !::. :.:..:. : .. :;.:. <JO ~;;u·;, ,_ .~ne\1' nerDort-MD.rcuse lllJ the o.uthcr of 011e l:oc.k that tu1d br;:,'.lgl:t holllC to me the criti­cal p-:tentilll ilf Hegel's thouQ,t llll none had bef()re, Blld.

or ~&:lather beak on Freud Yhi.•h hnd, I must ccnresa, r.truc:k 1:111 a.o comevhu.! tantaatic. r knev hi~ ftloo n~ the PIU't.iclpant in a comfercnee on "Mnrx and the 'iesten• 'io1·ld" who had rerpondl!!d to the remark thnt "no 11erioU11 intallectubl could be a Marxlat toda;,·" vith o. peculiarly cham.ln~: nnd r11ssionate: "But. I Wll a Mnrxistl" And 1 knev hitt :"lON! rec~nt.ly (111 a philooopher of the ft(!\( Lett tc v~o= protenttng studento npp(!ftled \lith lncrenoing rN(}.:.It!!lcy,

'the yeou- opt"nt ir. Ss.n Diego iB now onl,y o. oarieo or lmSB'l!l o.nd frtt~nta of imllf.(!S - 01' ll~rbert Ha.rcuue tW

ll m.an or ~real,. ~r:aonnl. char~~~, t:enerou:~ and \/Brill beyond expectation ~n G. ue-.· colle••suu oevernl. decaden hln Ju­nior; aa· n dignh'iud ~ol dl,tingulllhcd !nUivltlual, Vh<"'

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yet often vore on ir:~phh erJ.n GD he eontcii!Plo.te.:! or dc­llghte.:! in sume ve1•bal mh:chief; as o. ~::an or intP.grlty 11m!. courage vho resin<;ed both t.hc blnndiniur.ent.o ol' <;he porulu ~die. 11nd th~ ~h~&.ts of ri&ht-vlns sroupc in Se>uth'!!m C&.lifotnia; i=n~~:es of H~•rbert MW'cuse v~lr.g the cliffs of La Jc.lla or joyously ecbracing the z::emben of a polltic!l.l repertory group after a nt1rring pcrfor­Ciall~e; of his rather Gc:rr.nn-}lrofc:caorinl r:.anr.er in t.he c:Jssllrooll!, vhich did not howe\-er prevent htlll .i'rG!:I intro­ducing vith a grin each new IUiderco;~vo:r o.gc:~t assi({tl~o.i te> monitor hia classes; of hill! Joinill@: witt. llt~den':.ll ir, u carch through La Jolla after the aosa.snlnation of Hartin Luther King, unell.Bily ignoring the cc:-eamu: "The;;'re tea young to ltn011 ony better, but you're. j"Jst ur. ~:>ld fool"; u!' Herbe:rt Mo:ocuse er.plii.lninK to st:.~.dtor.t:l n::.s gut.­reaetion to Huxley's Brave 1/e" World: thl\t h•~ cl'luld n::v·~r be ccntent in his 01111 life as lOllS WI ethers were pr•l­ventt>d fr= reall:z:iilg the!r hu=ity; of Herbert ~urcu:;~e UUtting, vhen cornered, to a preferen.:e for Rebert Y.f'Medy over EugeM McCarthy, because te :isaed in tt.c latter the 1:10ra.l paa&ion he glir:p.!lo=cl. in the !or.:.er.

"A 11\orall,y pll.BIIiOnll.te advocate for hu:r.ar.i ty" ·- this ·.rould t.ave to be included in Mr.rcusc's epitc.ph. In tho:;~e da¥11, the de¥S or 1968, thio advtt<:ocy had propdle·l h!m to the center or 11.ttention. In fact, the San Diego Union -- a paper then clistinguished by the nw:ibf.!r of re:­tired a.dmiro.ls eneouraged to propo\UI-1 their viewt~ or. ltu editorJ.o.l pageu -- placed Herbert Narcuue at the henrt. or a Yorldwide conspiracy to overtbrov all thut \I&.B g.:~od and holy. I recall one brief period during "hich he first vi.Bited his son at ColUII'bia ~- onl,1 to a.-ri~ s.:1

the UniversitY v~ under dese by otude~:~ts vho ..,elc~d hill! vi tb open arms; he then traveled t.l P'll'iS for a p~­arranged conference -- only to rind the r.treots of the citr occupied b,r vorkera and atudents vho ba!led iii::~ 1111 a revolutione.cy hero and escorted big into the oceupied zone; and finally, on to 'the University.of Roe- vhi-::h had been shut dcr,n by student:s vaving bu.nera 1.'1 th tr.e infflllloua: · '"Marx, •!11.0 1 HareWJe." The §m Diegc. Union sn.Y in all th!s tlie proof pos.i:tive of its allegu.ticns. ,Eut Harcuae vas 1:10 leas conden::ned in ot!ler, ll!ore august Journl118 - in ~. for instance, :uu! in tho ~ Tices. Whl\t could tne profe:Jsor ha.ve dono to t~Crit suet. iir'iii'"'honorl

He vaa not being celebrl\ted f~Jr his .tarl,y rveogni­t\on or the importanee of Marx1 e Econod.o: Blld ?hilo!lo­phic Manuscripts, or for tis efi'o~·ts to t1evolop the i-biloaophical Bide of Hiatorical Hateriallatt:, as well ou the historical and ~:~aterialiat Bides of pbilOI'Oilh!'• Hfl" vas .not being singled out for having easen.tiall,y 31ltici­pated the phenomenoloaicall,y oriented. Marx:l.cr.~ b.tllr do::­veloped by the French Exiatentiallst-Mal·x.l.sts end the Juaoslav Fraxh Group. Few ot his detractor.~ (;t' suppor­tera vere familia.r vitb his work ir. the In:~titute f::r Social Resenrch, !!.rat at Fnr.krurt Univeraity, then !n Geneva and finally in New 'torit. 'lbey did not know that many ot his cer.tral themee vere developed in collabora­tion vith Horkhe.Lmer, Adomo and other mcnbers ot the Institute: the one-di~:~enaionill ty of inst.-umental ren­!!'~ !!."!!! <;;!!e ~~::<;;::-.:.:t!vcness of an exulu,~vel,y acientific· technological rationolization of society; the !ntervt~e.v­ing of sociolosical and paycholog1cal .:oncerte vith thulr lr::tord.open4ent ideals of an eman:ipatel! a:ciett ll.lld ll:l. autonomoua ego; the graving obooloacence of an inll1.vidu­aliltic p11ychoanalysill in the totally adminietcrred ooci· ety of tt.e pleaent v1tb ita totally a,:.cialherd 11J1d int"­gratecl indivtdualo. Nor could they, conuqu,ntlJ', np­preciate what diotinauiehed his thc•Jght from their11 h!:l intrepid dfforta to devdop a ayato~:~atic, theoret!ceU. ll.ll~ail ot advanced industrial soeiet).• • both r:apitalist and oochlist; the directneaa of his co=uroication, .,,:he­thor theoretlee.l or practical, criticol or utopia."'!; hill villlnsneu to rhk prOJectinso in hovevor broo.d atrokea, tho ·buic feoturee or an eandpated soeht~ llll~ a liber­ated form or life>; or his hope, even in th& lllid::~t or what he regarded u a total aocht)', that critical insight and spontaneous protest mtgnt join toa:other bnd aliP,;n thec­aelvoa vith the dieonrranchind and tho i~epoverished in ch&llene;lns Ill unneceuarUy ropre111ive aocir.l order.

.... 5

t•e:rhapo Mnrcunc u\·crcnti:.."tcd the stability of ad­vanced cupit.ali:n:·., the extent to vhich ita me111bers are ne/UllC&:I.!.y inte~;:rated into ita atructurea or doti1nation. Pe::-ho.ps thlc Vn.:J in ilart tt.e overreaction of a ::ecai­tiVity formed in !lllother \<Orld in other times. And :per­haps it vw this overestiD:at.ion of the }lover of the ob­.le::t!Ye that led him to stress the subJect!~ aide of praxh•, th~>t p:ro=tei hir. to turn rro:t !lf~:tory to onthro­p:=~lo&r for a Juntification of the potuntial for a ne.., ooc1et.}·, tQ o.~va::ce 11 cor:cept.icn ~:>f ocio:nce and tuc:hno­lofY &.n JJ. partfculll.l' h.ls~orlc:n.l project tha.t might be '"epleced by a ne11 acicnce with o. different political ccntent. EP. that. all it muy, 1<:: \IM not simply his po­sit.! on ':lfl the political spP.ct:-u.c.. thr.t e.ccountcd for ¥.11.l'cu;;~'r. une!O,Uallc~ influence cm the stu:!ent movement, thut ::n,.blert hi!:' to speak 11.2 did no other to tbe gener­atfnn that ~:r..:ne or ll£t in"the sixtier., that made his s.nu.l:tsh of co.p1t3lht aoclety ring co true to them thot he llould b!" cele~rll.ted by the youth of Rozte, Pill-is, and Berlin r..s ..,ell BS those or his &.dopttod country. More then 6n..V otb1~r lll(oll!her of the Frwlki'Urt s~hex>l, He!'bert Mttr~use atrove cmatar.tly to r<'lllte hb crit:lcal theor.r of sc::iat;t to !neipient :t'.Jrces cf opposttioc and cbange, hoveve:- YeaJt, ho·.rever t'rng!:!ented, hcvever deaperate. ·He r.e\v:o gave up the ll.tt.em;-t to at'ticulste the• d\l:%1b M.s­sat.l~fll.c:ti·~n thut pt:rvuden life in c:.nten:porary indun­t.rin.l sor.iety, to reorient 1 tfl distorted e'9reaaions , Joining truJight to attitude !n a greot rorusal. l!erbert l~arcune tl-'\·er stoppe!J cll.l':!.ng, he never stopped hoPinc, lle never stopped thinking, and he nttv':!r .stopped figh'titlg.

JEFFREY 1-ERF

H;.rPert Ma:oe:.~.ae's lut ptiblio adcl.ress vu delivered in l"rll!lkturt, in Mey 1979. He 11poke at the · ROzr.ergupricbe, fll! bllllUal &ntPoaium sponsored by tho c!.t.y of 'FrankfUrt, 'I'h1D year the thea:e of thil RCoerp;ecpriiche vas the social end political impllcatioris qf !lci.,ntific a.'ld technological pro~sa. The vigor wit.": -..1lich he: SJ;If:!ke, the ~aence or the slightest hint ot J.<Olltic:c.:i 1esign"t1on, u.d his orenneaa to the poll· tice.l sn'icultural currents or the last decadr.:-Wld-a-bklt ru.;l.e lt t.pparent that ve vere listening to a great old

• ~"'I vMs~ criticll!. ... pirit rema.!ned yot:ng. 'l'hi! talk \fal

quintessentio\.1 Marcuse: 11. distillatior. of theiiiCr ... !te bad developed sin:e the 1930's combined with a spirit~U. de­rer.oc 'Of ~h.: 1/ev Left, feminism snd ecological concems.

Just as Marcuae insisted thc.t the ort:..pronounced "~·ollurse" or· the New Le-ft vas a c11.se of con::!ervative Willht\11 thinking, so it. ·should be said tonight that the oftwcentioned obsolescence or the philosopher of one­diCI:!na! QnQJ. uoeiety 1111d or t ts oppi')Bi tional forces 1a r.:)lla'!na!t. The ~rel\test tribute ve can render to Mo.rcuae ia to :-ead hie again, to develop hla thought turther. er.d. to rellll!:mbf'r how veey important "Ho.rcuaian" ideas lU'CI f'or'W) tod~cy". In the folloving remarks, I vont to toucb on no:n of the themes Marcuae mentioned iri hio lo.at pub-11'" ad~as an.! in hb speeches and intervievs ot the lo.at aevertll. years. In particular, I vill refer to his c:Q:Q~ents on the hhtorical significance of the !few Left, and on teclmolol)' and the domination of nat..u-e.

Ten yearc w;a lar&e segments of the Rev Lert obon-1one1 their utopian, cultural critical, anti­authoritarian, th•Lt ie, Harcnaian components, ror thl!l certair1tiee or aechrian Harxis::. b PaUl Breinea said. At t~at tiu, 11'l'he vetsht or ita [the Nev Lett's] ovn origina.Uty VL'l too oorut to bear," In the same year, 1969. Harcuse publhhed ~ Essay on Libe(p.tion 1 in \lhieh ba defended precisely those ideu that had become 11111 em­bbl'o&aatlent vJthin the young lett. \lhntever our gener­ation ma,y thiuk of its Ollll past 1 Narcuao remainod loyal to 1t. Ho s&.id that. thu Hev Lett. had "redefined the eon­ce;:t ~r re\'1llUtton" ao that it vould be appropriate to tbu poalllb1Ut.1efl prasont1.d by advanced indUstriAl loc1-crty, It nad r·olntd ttl "nev diii!Cnoiono" or social chatlp t.bat. could no lona:crr be sruped in political ~md etconomlc ctOtcRt-rica o.l011~. Instead, this reder:.nition in theory ~~nd pr11.ctiee vu "abovcr all & revolution ot the dominiiWt

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syute:::t of neeCa," M ._,ell 11.:1 of the lliOdep of :lnt.i'Jfn•t.!.on of these r.eeda. The !lev Lett, he cb.i~d, re·U:~covPre<.l

a "~I'Jppreosed ditlenBion" ol ~!nrxin': theory and pt•nct.l.ec: the dre11r.1 of 11. qua.lita.ti-roly different uocit·t~·, ~tHl lr. \lhich the relation:s betvcen individual.G and t·e~ve~n hw:m:: tdng:~ ~~r.<l na.t'Jre, .,.ere cceyletely transfN•:med. '11'11::1 .Umension, surpressed by the productivillm of l'r>th ex­isting cnp!.tillst and &ocialht theory e.'\;l practice :'\U:.t. be operative nov, he nrgutd, in the !:leans ct.ou~r. to act.i<:"le t!te good society, In bein~ the :'irst uo~·e:::ent of the lett to transcend Marx.is~::'a rethhism of the pro• duct!ve forces, the :lew Left VBII ,_ "eulturlll re¥cl'Jtion'' \lhich "tot!ll.ized" the opposition by cor.necting dcnl:lu.tbn anchored in the individual un~onscio'JS to cor.ncious sociv.l. doclnnticn.

He sp.:~ite of the "e::ancipation or sense WH1 s~ns\.Uol· ity," of a ne\1 ~:;:.ral!ty, of the fUsion of ae11the~ic:s ~'lJ rolitic:o the!~ left far behind the Puritn.'l ethic of Cllpi­tali:ltl n.'IU orthodox MarxiGc:~. Y'!S 1 nnti-intcllec:tuillisr.:, politic:al' repression, the u.uthcr!.tarian ritullilzatio:~ of dotp::n, tuld c:illto or violence had :aken their tell. b..::. "in c"pite of all th11.t," Marc:nse insisted thnt the !;C\1 L~ft "~:;a.rked a turning point in the history o!' c:apitali:.l!l w-,d .:~oci'l.list~,'' It vas, in er;.br,ronic form, the'prcfisuriug of a. revolutio:~ vhose ir::pu.~ae vould ~rive less fro'!< ~terial surrerlng than frOl:l the rev'llt agoin:~t lt.hw:mn fO!'r'..!J of lab;;~r &.'ld free ·;;iM, against ~nforce-:1 needr. nnd thei.r paeudo-sat'J.sfaction. It concretized a ::otion tlmt had re::~o.!ned 01bstract for far too long, ntl!!f.!ly, thut; · Marx's it!Pulse to change nnd not only interpret the ·o~orld did not menn replacing one systec or dotl111ation with another, Rnthur, it entailed tlaking the le."lp to "a qualltativ.!ly ne" level of civilization in "'hich indivitl­uaJ.s are able to deVelop their ovn needs in s?l1.darity vitn· one .Mother."

hJ he had fo1· the last .ie6ade, Ma:-cusn streued -:;he it:portanCe of fec.1.niu.. 'l'he organization of ~reduction on the bBSia of ErCK vould "take the gl'OI!lld out free under r.n.ao;ulino !lj\greeoive~css in it£ most reprecsiv~ •. productivist fore- neme!y, the form of capitalillc." \lhat had appeared o:i the feminine ~titho:sis to !IIIUlCUline

qualitie!-11 vould "ecergo o.a the ouppN3sed h1.utor:l..eal !llternative, the sociali:lt vJ.tornative" to cC:Itli~ot"u.ry self-destruct! ve pro:iucti Vi ty,

liut when the Hev Lett did turn against its town orig­'innl.ity and t""ollnrd terrorism, Msrcuae 1 s response vas clear: a pragce.tic reJection of terrorist vioJ.ence 'o/B.:J

insufficient. "Sociallso: corillty," the idea that tr.e goal of a liberated society must he apparent in the mewts choser1 to J!.C:hie•·c it• was cqu'ltlY necenar;r. lf he re­jecte:d 1-iax Weber's notion or a val\111-trl'e uod o.l science, he Va:J e=~,unll:/' a.d9.1118ltt !n reJecting a. vo..lue tree concept or instrwzntalized rudieal political opposition.

'l'he ability to think in terms ot' a unity ot oprc.­siteu ..,liS embedded in Marcuse 1s every utterance, "I:oes not the threat of an atoc.lc catBStrophe which could vipe out the hlli:IM race also serve to protect the very f:.roes which perpetuate this danger'l" This was the opening sentence of. One-Dimensional Man. Progr&bs ~ de:ott'Uc­tion, liberation from I:IOilUal labor along vith grovtng dolllinaticon over cer. and naturu, a groving p:tsllibility of nn end to unnecessary instinctual repression together vith the grovtt'. ot' represBive form.'l or t:natlctual releo..sc to vard orr the apecter or happineaa -- the3u conceptun.l oppoBites continued to confound his critics, who sbul­taneous~ labeled hic1 a tecMological dctermin1st, en tho oae hnnd, and a baek\lard-looldng romantic, on the other. He ..,as neither. He aimply took the vord "dialectic" very ser!c~sly, na the follo-ring anecdote illustrates: in the courue or a recent co:~versation it Vll.ll suggested to Mnreuue that, obscene 11.11 it c:ey aound, thP. introduction or the guillotine during the French R"vuluticm vu; "progreiiS" because it vna ~re hUllllllle than ~::ethcds of exee•ltion pru.eticed by the monarchy. He :.-espor.dcd by saying, "Of cour9e, in boc.rgeoia aociety that is vhat progreu look:~ like."

it.Gk nevsletter 5/2

"i'Ng~oa'l" i:!Ul t.t.e title and tht:~ c.f his Frsnld'urt •,nlk. l t IIW" r.ot n vor\:l-I.'Cary sight of the concef"lo.tivc cultural ~r!Uc he ha~ o!'l.en been accused or being. f-.rot.lte~, i~ lo'toll at\ argent. insistence that CapitaliGill 111

''o•·:er nor~ t.hrc11::.enlng or-iral c.1' progresn 'l.lld destruction, C:or;ina'.:lon wtd ~ulojccttcr." Cll.'l be nalt.ed or.ly it' the rst!1.:al :en nucc-..~:1; in keeping open the ne11 di~:.en,ions

r;,f tnc<Jry I.Jl~ rra .. t 1 c~· it !tnd initiated ln the 1960'11. :t.e ILlternJ~.'.~ve vas s•.lll that. or "soeialiam or \inrbu­r1sr!" -- n:oll t:v ".:.on hf~er the Thr'!c Mile IalWid nclll"­~,_t!l.ll'.Ti:j'h" he =!'~t t11:11 vcrJ literally.

Vf t~e I~IUlj' c:-;n~;·n·Jer:~ial idcan ~lo.rcwe put fcrvsrd, r~·.: ::.••t .,Jth r. ... ~ cr!tidr.t:. !'rc::~ t~:;eyathetl:: ll.'lt! ho:n.ile :;.'I'l':.~'':: thton hio .,:.,vn O!' ~:;(;Jern technology, 'Ibis iu hOt U•t· t·<.:t!l!l!~u. t':J n! ·:e t!w::• ::..11 11de:'lu"'t.e recopitulo.t!on. ~;u~fi~·co' Jt v:, IUIJ •.hill h'.lti r"'carr.:. 1'l l'rankf'Jrt. vcre fully .lr. tht- llpir~t o!' the follc.rJin£ !lentem:ts !'rc~ t'r ... ·Di:-..emlon'll !!a.'l (r·~· l5.";'~156, 16B-lli9}:

:it lit ~· pun-os.- to;.> :lt:.VJ:,llt.rl\te the internal !n:~tru:,er.tu.lir>t -;~!1.:-act'lr cr thta IH:~ rntic:.r~olit.;r b:; \'trtu~ vr vt.ieh it b s priori tcchnolo;!J, an~ the !LI!.tl£!.!. of a spe::1f1c tcclm:uJ.o&f -- nn=ely, t';:ct-.r.olr.£".1 au r:.m cr codr.l cont.:-~1 !U',;! dceinr.;.! !or. , ,. techr.oloo·. has bcCO!:'D tl•e r.reu.t venit'le of TG!t'ieat!on -­rl!ificntion !:. !ts r::ou~ co~.turco_M<i errec:\iV'l !'ore.

:tor ~ ... tting forth such notiono, rc.r qutrstton1ng the "r.rn:­t.n .. 11t;;" uf tttchnological rc.t1or:a1.1ty 1 t-:r r.alling for e. .. ,,e..,. o<:i«:n-:e and teehr.clo;.y" Mr.!. tor 11 llf'\.' Md "pueJ ::led" re!r,.,ion betveen t,u.':Qil beino;.. and nature, Mo.rcuse ha\1 ber.,, rep~atell,y critici:.ull 1'0r uOir.llittir.s t.lur dn ol' i.ml.ulgeliC"' In rco:lnnti'!, back'Jard-l.coklna lrratlo:~alin:. 'In Prwki'u!'t he once agllin co:::UtteO. this "oJ'f'ense" agr:ti:lat· cor=o.'l uenBe, obviously convince:! t.hst h&'-1 be&n tu.1da:::entnlly right ull alo.'lg. Ho BtresGed bh !.eya.!.ty to tho ho,ea: or the 19601 11_ IUid to hill f'undll:lC!nta.l 1.he:.­retlc~ positions d&vcloped over half !1. century, Uut be !":CI!,ll~d turror o.s vell ua hoPe. He ecn"luded h!B apeeeh in Fra.'ll;rurt 'loy ~to:ri'ing ~0 the terror of AUichvit:,

In U'.e lnst decstle, na the politicu.l struggl•l ohlfted rroc on~ for rl.!volution to one fc.r te:~ure, 11. l:l!lre or le•a pervasive r.ood in our generation hu implied tl:o.t l!e:·hf!rt, Harcuse and his unnlyli.s ot. nllvL'!ced cspitallll'll and com­!IIU.'llsm vas n Bi6Jl of tho times1 and vith tho fracturing of our "affluent society," the entry or ·u. decad(• or double-digit inflntion and h!gh unez::ple)':lent, of the J:.b ani! ent::rg,r shortag-e, the philoBoplotor or t.ho re'loell1r,n :1g~r.::t the one-di:enlional aocic!ty ha.d. be:o:r.e a. z:aae1.1:1 piece -- o..s had our ovn political past. As I !illl;end tr;;. hie in rrw.rurt 10 lOOn il.f'ter 'll!.NIIt Milo Island, nfte1• the Olinn-Vietnl!.tl var, attar r. decade o:~r 1'1c1entit­ic 'MRrxiGm" ln Allleric!ln 'sociology·-- durine: vhi~h tiM it should be 3aid that kl:edcan aocloloC( hu provd itl'!lf to be romnrkably itm1une to lollu'cuae 1 B intlue:~ee --I re­tleeted that Mlll·Cuse'u thought vu u ti:ely todt~¥ u it U!!JI 'l!'hen he firot 1\l'tic:ulat.ed it. 'l'b" legacy he hu be­queathed to us W!MB thB.t Mnrcuae'a critlcl\l l'!)irlt -- 1f such a ua.d occuior• u this allO'oiB • hopeful note -~ 11 very ttUc.h nllve. Narc:use vas the last or·u. sreat gentrra­tion of 'ro'~stem fJ.nrx!st philosophers, but ve muat•hopa for ul.l or our snkea, r.ot the lsat or an endanpred Oi!ecleD: tha pol!tic&l.ly engaged and deeply cultured intellectual. In his lU'C apeech Marcusa displa¥ed the peallimiBtl O! U,e intellect Md optbdaa Of the Vi.\11 tho inotit'.ctual impulse to a n!liUionod llreat Ro("ual or con ai~ly th.:. ~:rtort t.o ruae aoeial theory an.S ctiWldpat.ory poUtico.l pre.ctice that intoned his whole life anrl vor&.

/oWtGAAET CERULLO

Not t.he leu.nt o1' the ironlea and. lnteresUn1 ;:ara­rlolt~~ ~hat constitute the ai~miricanc:e or ll.arCUIO tor Ull 1a the re.et that an Sl-yeiu--old ru.n -.nd pi'Ciduct or cne of the most deei!ly .patriarchal Md 1\UthorltarlM oC

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r.~,Jcrn c~o~~t~o~n•n, t.t" t.\.oMl"'' ·~!"' !""'::.;,•;,~"' •'.:>nllltr.tently in hlr. "'~"'•.!.~,1;~ :-1 ttl,. l•wt ·l~CII•Ir t:• ~he lllll·ject <,f !"Pmt­"!:::;. !!e il.<J.~uie ... ci ;.,~ r"'M<.Jr.a .'n \'Toll ~r the l!11t p~.>bllc lecture.! h<' o<::1Vr l:1 ~tdn ·lJUntr,r o1t -ittJn.'o:•J ln J<Y."l.. f-Ir:~ l;;:

.... 7

~n~ t.lternutl·r .. st:uctures Wid mdes cr 1ntt-U~ctual n~t1 vit,y thnt "IIOU.!d concreth:e 3 diff~rent vision of intellectual eng<~sement -- DOIUlda aa roc:cnt1c, u nllive 11.t1d uto_pia."t ll!l allythir.g Nar~utle ever propos,ti.

I t>e11"v" tho ~·?r-... ;,'A :.r.t•rlltl·~n '.f'•V!':!'!'nt !" ~tort;np.l !! ... t-.~l<t. t~r;..rtv~t 111-1 l•"l".C"~'.lt:;!y •.n,. t.o.·u~ r11.·i!~": J• ;:•!·•n! ::..:.·.-~~""lr,~ t!.lt.t Ye /;u·~~· ·~ .. .,..,,, !( ~).,. ~ l.lc':~·Jnr,•·~~~ vr t.t.l:. rt,~t ~-"-" :. :i"~ ;<':.!"~r~~~ .. -J ~r:., ~~--vt'r_..;,~ 1ot

li~:JJ ...

trUte ~-:··r~-....... :1 :II' I'!·."' •.t .• ; ...... r-..... r,-:. vt:;, tt.,• r~.::..n!tt prc~ec~ 1!(1:!. 'l.'l o. • ... ct~~;:;":.~ t: :.!a O!'ll<.:':.",:.:..-; t:!lltnrl~:al op'!r.m•a~::, ~-l" r"f•vn: ·r r-,·~!~-1~:,: r'!,!t~:::a'.t;;,:;, n'l:! ulo'" -- .::t-··::lk!: . .: >..: " .,_ :.:·u: ,"I.',J •· r..,::!~.:r~ -- ''' ·~ ~vlnG "'!"v~.~re ·.r r•·.:~v,::-·. ~.~:,.i J,,JJ,.r;_•.~·. "~~~en ~:or.,.;· tun: Ct.lt to t-1· ~ri~ e:.ot !r.p .. rt•.:;~ ~~r~ :f t.Jc ~e,:_.,q :.:- ~1•1-t:.nl<: le!'". !rt ":~,,. ··~·!t..,J ::·n~•JJ tJ·~n,y.

! '-'u.r.:. f!r'~ ~CJ e.>.p;:;n• -.::-:1 :-'tt.r:-J.:eo thl:.;g,"'t ~hll". th-.: ;.'c::..-:J.'n Lli:~rll~ior. :~.o·.-er-.,('t,t ,..,,.. ''~t.t' r.·.:~f, rrd!c·1l" poll tical. t.¢'o'CI:I":nt ll'! l".tt'l(O; Md ther.

0 In u ,1-!:u·c~o~e!I."J

apir!t --~~-::!:Cent !lt]Yn,_vn in !;!H d!ll..l.,gue v!tl". !{n.:--d!n -­iuterr<:~g3te t.'le traqj, t!cn o!' critic Il-l theo~· !t£el!", co:r!'ro.'lting 1t Yith the develop:r.ent of :'c~r.~at. ~h.,.;.cy !l.'!i prac:ice, in the hoPe or it:~ ~car.dp11.t~on frrm its ovn patrio.rcho.l bian and !:U!e-co:ieled t<.~11:ll':J:'tbrll ••

\oo'hat R"-Gaell Jacoby vrote in re.:.Atoion :a the li~v Left II:.9Y be even r.ore apt here: vit.h the e~rg~n~:,. of the lo'oz:en's Liberation Mo\"eJ:".ent, the g•p elc~oeoJ: ~etve•:n MorcWie'a texts :..;,d the 'W'riting on_ the ,,.o.l!., ::Jo z::ar.,y recurrent 1-:a.:---cusew.: drea=:s 81\d the~:~es founu th~t!r e~::'t.-o-:1-i~:~ent in the r::ovetr.ent tor va:::en'a li't:er&.:!on t.hllt ca:::e to be called aocio.lint feminbm: h--'s ·viii Jon jr,. Eror; a:;d Civili:ation of love n.a revolution; his in.IIJaten(e en the p:)Ssibility of a ne\o' ref&l.ity pr!::~ciple, as the proc:­tce of a. aoch..lia~:~ lo'hich could, no lcnger be ·.1/l-:l:ernt~·l lUI a .:hange 'ln aocio.l. institution» but hDtl to be -:ieepe::c¢ to include a v!aion of 11. chn:.ge in consciausne:u, a::J. the very inatinctua.l atructu:---eo ot hu:an l,;.,iner. C'efo~<l by exploit!Ltion &lJ. dor-.J.nation; Ilia U.'lell!r.Jtll."ldint; r..t Bt·__ch.l­bz:. n.a a qualitative leap tc a. nev !lyute!l :Jr r.eeds '17!\L:h are &t'nsuous 1 ethieal, and ro.tionol in ..:m.::, '~1ie t:10t'e~:1t ot our recent h!!ltorr revealed the l<OVeJ• of e:.·o11,.o1' love, which Ho.rcUGe invoked o.£a!nst a rep::-=oui·lt! civlli­::ntion rc be tho power of vocen at _Vor~ Whl in the ~·Dr.l­r.Uility, A. pover vhi;.:h found tts coat. cor.certe!! o::1d pOlit:lcal exprt'nsicn in the '..IO!IIen's .:.iberation =~~:~ent,,

Ho.rcuse aav t!le wot.cn'r. tlO\'ell-'l!nt at ito ~oat radiCI'.l ao annOuncing precillel.y a rupt\U'I! vith the Pertorance Principle, the Ilen:J. ty Principle. of industrh.l cop!. talh~ fllld or a l:!O!:ill!..l.a:: vhich ~:ont.inued and even extended. the Perron:.w-.te Principle a:1d itn values, \Jnderlinins the tle.:cand tor the liberation of "llomen throvn up k.y tt.e­P.o\--et:e:tt itself, fl.a.rcuoe inA1nted that equality vith men is not y~t freedOl:l, He understood vomen':~ llbera~ion t-.a .1. subvernion o!' the ?ertar::.once Principle, not. an invi­tation t.o participate. !>:o.rcwe sav fi:r.n.l~ that "llhnt vc at at.t!l:e 1168 a nev morality, o. l'eminiot cot•aJ.i!;y, are­versal of the vll.lu1:a of profi tllble 'protlucti vi ty, repre•­aion, efficiency, o.ge;rear.ion, C<:l!:lpetitoiveness, or an, instrut~r~r.t-'ll rationality Revered fro:~ ezr.otio:l - in !;he n~~~:e or I"eei:ptivity, tt'nderness, nn:~violencc. It seei, to ce t.'l1:1.t Z'l:llle:nbering our O\/Jl dre111:1, our cwn vision

1 our o~m t:erl\llty, vhoae tel'l:l3 Marcw.e had sa eloqucntl'>' a.'!tf-:-!;=':::!, !;; ;..; ..,riticaJ. 1t!portance to our Z.!ovec:ent t.od.s.Y -- in a period in lo'hich inatt-.ltlental.ity

1 co=peti­

tiveneaa, self-o,uertion, o.ggrcaaivenena, ind1vidunli::~m arc Stlll"k.!y reveaJ.ed and even cyniclll..ly embraced au the nll:ll! of the g~U.:e, particularzy the academic ~~. 'l'o challeuge any and all of thc:::e, to atllru1 agllir.r.t the inatr!J:)I!nta.llty which has come to infect the Hoveflll!nt tha!; once stood on the bn.a18 of Mother moralit)'; t.o propose, to ttlnk, let al.or.e to en· .. hton and e11tabl.ish

M:arcuall' hi:rase!f 11toor1 outui:!e -- irritatin~, criti­ct..l, ro=.!ltltic, utop!Wl, outrag.::ouG: a CQde1 c.f a criti­cr..l politically enga~d intellectual, 11£llinat the grain, the tr-entl, ttJe !'!l.llhion, ':'he p~liticul, intellectual, and ~ultu:•a! pcmition lle cldl!led ror h!.z::sel!" b: o:~e ltnovn to f'!\1 ::.en Md f~.,e:--- Wo~tcn. Even to put t~gether the "llords, crit.lr:BJ., pal1tical.l,y er.gaged 1 Intellectual-- vo.tt;an hreuk!l the Dequence D.ll<l r<:!Mindo 1-:.S that we are detLJ.ing -..-1 th u pher:c:::::enon virtuol::Y U.'li'.nc~~n in th.ia cou."ltr,/, Far u !'~-.- tl!n.lte:a, I voul:i lik(' to begin to explore why. ·~1:ut k!ntt or life e.re ve tf'.lking abc::ut 11nd fl.'lr Yho~ i:a it ?'-~:lJ\ilc>Z .,'h::n; klndu of a!ID\U:Iiltiorm, decitJianc, atrus­g!e:;, :::.o.cr!.fl.ce:s co::.11'tlt1.ote, enable, rmraly:te, or -ieny ~l".e l!!e .;.fa politlca.! intellectual? W"nl:!re d.) f~l,y, •lt•xuo.J:ity, pni-enttng, love fit within it (a.ll inues ' l•h!c~. in oth.:l' conte:rts !-f!lrcuse inAistc>d had to be t'!ken ' !rota poll.t!ct~l account)? W:ren Harcu11e pi-o_poseu D.-!1 the tcr:r.o; of 3.1ch a life- the t\iilicn o!' eros aad reuon, "llhnt i: t:.:t::zt cor.cl,.df! 1;; that he is implici-tly -- it icpor­ta:rily -- taL'<ins stout the t'e!ll!r.t::ation of 1114l.e in'tel­loctu:<:s. The idl"ntific&tton ot th!' ft!minine, of vc=an, ,,.!th '!::-o:o, \lith :?l~a.•ure, with sensuaUty .:.ll..lllt B~Cl"l 11:0re a.:::b!g':.lou11 to l.t:l, the> t:%Ot1clzat1cm of' our intellects a P'-':!s!.:.ility Yith vr.ich ve are al.l too l'wdliar, kJ "''=~~J:r, our proJect ::ruat be t~:> ~ tho apace of atucly a.'l.t llolitudc, of :lntellt~ctual intensity and a.:~seortion, o~ c~:rfidtmce ond challe:nge -- u.ud 19:til1 -to think, to uct 1 u.d. t~ be .!il:l'l \;orten, To begic to a alva~ and to r:u.w a t!rltico.J. intl'lllectual ti'ndition too lor.g defor=ed ttn.l ri!atc:-ted by our e.hsence. And that vould be a rad1-1."o.l und IIUbvcrn!ve PMJect in t.he IA~rcuseon :~p:!.rit.

Deacon Pren is privileged to have bad a !ong, chal­l;:np.:rg a.,d. fruitful rela.Uonsh!p v!.tb .'ferbert Ho.rcuse,' 411 h!s publlshera. A recark by on.:: of Beacon's editors in 1955, when Beacon publbhed tne first ot nine books vrJ tten or co-a:tth.::-el! t.y' !-farcuse 0 E:ro3 D.."'d Ci vi!ization, 11et the tone for the rest of the 24-year relationship. Slle l.l'rotC. to Harcuse or a "apeeiU sense of excite~nt", ut B"n.con over the upcot".!ng publication c1' tb_'l.t trail­~lo.zing "IIC'rk, Our record.ll inllcate that it beeM vhen Phi.lip F.ie!'f, a colleague at BrMdeia, tortuito\lflly · brauQlt au;.hor a.'ld publisher' together,

Of c:aurse,' Hfll'cuae VIUin 1 t 8D Well kno-wn in the c!.d-SO's wr he voUld be 10 or 15 yeare; later, as a copy of a letter he vrate to~ ma.aulne ind1caten. l>'.:acuse G:lted: "The Febr-..tary 7 !.!laue ot your mago.zine lists on p• 67 'For Wo=en 'Only' (vith 13 'ute ·little red hesrt•) un.1er the c&ption 'Current Bocks on Love' t:f1 book Eros a.nd Civiltzation together vit.b Three loves ot Do.11toevsk;y by ll.a.rk Slc::.1c a.'ld Ft~.bulollB Food!J :for People Ynu Love by Carolyn Cogl!'ina. While I feel deeply honorad to be men­tior.ad ~ogo-ther llith Ibstoowky Wid tmbUlous foods, I 4111 mpproh>l'nllive le.11t your read-era {it' anyone or the~:~ shoull! );juy r::t DOO:C) IU"f!' d.l.hppo!nted 1:' they don't get vbat they e:o:pactod." lo.fter ll briet ..U.sc:---.looion of the b01:1k, Htu-cuse ClOo!ed the letter Unal,y: "I feel I ahculd varn your r--ea<ier-:o ll."ld pt';)t.,ct teyllelf against any accusation tor not dolh--ertng th"' ~"'"""',"

He ~ nt~t- h~:.w delivered the goods tor Look'D "Curt•e:rt Beck• on Love," b1.t he cert.Unl.y "deiTVered th(' gooda" r~r the ~nent!on or the 2.:.-:.= ::!. .. --t!u .. auU. &eVCn\.iea.,

lror a magnificent hiut..lrical development of thta point, see Eli:.abe~h Ew-en, Irr:migront l.'o:r.en in the Lflll.d ol' Dal~c.rs 1 1B00-192C, forthcoming from Pantheon,

The early ehttea vere dit!'erent. It•a nOll' ho.rd to t>elieve that lthen M&rcWie "llrote One-Dicendonn.l !:'.an 1:1. ren.de~ adviaecl aaa.inrt pul>Ushing it, Sl,).ing he did not beUevl! there vu an audl".l'lee tor tlle beck, Since then "o:-:e~di~t~~~nator,~ I:Wl" hu bttcoae, it'll fair to sq, part ot our cultural !'alorlc. An4 tor the m=ad•=ie vor1d, hh ccntrJ.but1ne; to our u::dcntsnd!Dg or critical t.l:eory hu bt'en, I believe, even DON hlport.nt.

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page 8

1-ru::: hr.:>:J IIlla l.'h·lll:.-.~~ot.luu LhrC.lltl)l On<.'-tll!!.Cil:Jionlll ~ t.-. lll.ll: j'CIU' 1 :1 f,c:::hc~!c !:'l=cn!lion, !>!lll'C!.LSC kep~ ·

wuridut> unU f;o:pt. .,.:~ at. Ect..:::on IOO:'l:.!ng. For i!' uny­t.hl:.g chLu'o..:;:t.crl.~(>d Ucacon's involVI'I:lellt Vl't.h il<:!rl>ert :.! .. rcullc, 1~ ..,.u.s !:ill interest W'l<l involvcr:.cnt wit.!. r:·:eey l'u.ce: of the p'lbllshin,; procellll -- Wl ir.vclvc~~:o:nt t!l.o.'.. llc!J.<!Vl orclc•Jwd a:1-:i dclightc<J in. Our files nrc buleine:: "'i th ccrre!lp'lrldcncoJ fru~ lt.IU'cur.e: n.::k.ino:; ror copicll of U:1 tJo~ku; 11~<1U1:-ing ;;;•tcr t.hc pos!:ibllH:t or u:. e<Jl.ti::m it: t'l""nch, ltu.lio..>J, ,l:J.p!ll!C!It' --or cv~r. !>cr~.:~-Croo.tion. l'nrt:11"r~hir l.l<'CU:.I.' fricnd!.l'.lp aZid there gr!.'V u. :~peciu.l ~er.ue vf ...:urt:.lllg tcgtthcr fo:- ,;:om.:ncn g'luls, ln t~a."ly vuya ~:~~orc.,;~e n.'l1 llcu.crJll to.:·~tl;<!r 'reco.:.1c :::ore lib~ r. i::t:l"Vr•ell!l fU\.J:iut.in,.: \'Cnt~.orc -'-'here !deliS u;.d intcllcc~uL<l ne!lrch ~ ~).e p!·;ut, ._.!:ere ~heor; n:,d !)rh."tic:c n::'f.: jolued.

:'.arc:.we ,;:w·:-~cii tr.Ia .... lth hl.r.: --his lJ..-gcnciW c.!' sp!rl: o.r.d clwi, !.is ch=clng a~r.::.<: of fll!,, hl.G chll.l­ler.g!.r.e:: \'!::hm.

ti!s t:eer. i:'lterest in e•;erythlr.g \le did .... 11!1 a., :!.ndi­c:ntion or the c:n:-. n.,d his ._.crt:: t1e never l0st his :~en:~c or ex;1tecc:Jt, ot inC~uiry. Perhaps vhnt ::.ac!e vorid::.e; vith r.ic no c:l:.u.llenging \IlLII the fe.c:t tb6.t he vas so Ui\'e

1 :10 inten11ely hucan -- a. brill!o:1t o.:ld wn.rn person.

':his 111 not to aa,y his waw u..-: ed;y Jd.r.d to r~tho:1. Ati. one reader vrote t.o hlc, "You.r s•.yle is PWI)'; lt'o the thought t'na.t'o difficult." (Perhaps !h6.t says =ore R'tout the render tha.'l about ga.rcuae.) B~.:t .:e 1-;no;lo' .hi a ll.l'f.'.l!:'.er.t la ve~l \/Orth rolloving, 'nlc richne::11 c!' h!o'vt•itl:'IE h1 tro~ly rer:arka.ble -- the intcf9l~ of tlleor"/ ru.d pr..zt.:i.ce tr.Jly u.,iquc. ·

We o.~ Bencon relied on !'lie 'more thO . .'l vc re~~li:e1. l.'e consta."'tly c?I:':J,Inicateti vith hill'! regarding verks "cy other RUthora. And he alvll;(s \11\S g'!fli:roua l-it'J. hh: op!r:ief•J and sugge&tiena,

l-'.arcu1;!e knf!W he vu regRrded vit.h s~·.llpicic:; by the e•tabliB~nt pren , He had vritten or. easo,y 1.n the &14-r:~er of 1970: exeorl-.dng the United. Statc11 !or ita Vi<!tnlll:l policit·&, r.n ~J.,~' that t~trcntl:f end.crued C:el\rge 1-!c~~vcn\, l!o.rcu~e wanted it. ~o appt:IU' in He]l of a iJrelacc to CC>'Ult.,rrev.,lution untl. n"\'t:.lt but un-:"crtun!'.~ely it vaa '.oo .:.a.te te include 1t in tho.t v-:~lume. He ex­rl~n"d that he ntr.U•d !.t. publiJ:t,eJ t};o.t \/~, because "!heBe pu.gea !l.re ar~ out.&poke-r. thQ.t I oii!O no oth~r chllf.ce or ~cttlnr. thee pu\i\.hheoi (cx~pt 11, sccc cmsll leftht paver ur p!!rit.6.1c:a::.i."

But !f t.here ..:lilt 11. hint cr dt-spu.ir, it didn't ltUit ,-erJ lcnf':. :.:con hia spiritll vere ridng a.gain, for he reulned a can or hove:.

Quite oicp~, Beoa.:Oll e.:dst.s to p~bliah vritcra like Mnrcuc.e. Several large :'!lr.;::;erc1al hou11ea held <JUt 'olen­d.hh:::enta to hlt1 after he go.~ncd etdnence and sueccaa, Flut he underatoOd vhat our comi tcenta are. We sho.re vith hi::~, CUJ Eriea Mucuse 11.'1d Peter Marcu3e huve [IUt it., "ir. the utrugr,le fer jU!Itice in this lite, in thls 11orld -- to u11e life to help bring about a lilltter lire." And Ua.rc\Ue continued to honer uc 10!th his n~v vorks. It IIU a."' itiPOrtMt partnenhip for beth author nnd r-;:!;!!::.:r.

..KJfl DAVID ciaER

Circumsta.."'ces ha.ving 11.t li.Uit a~t me tree tro111 the groves of acad~me, I coce here tonight not u a r~nber of some illusory tittil colw:lll b .. t 11.!1 a poor vorlting me~tber or the fourth eatatc. Ba!'cre 1 read the brief tribute to Herliert Hnrcuae vhich I com;oeed for the llo&tun Phoenix, 1 vould like to ltllke tvc obaervation11: ---

Just do,ya before he died, Marc1•ae t;1ld a Freno:h re­porter that it \111.11 fitting Wld prc:per that he end hill Ute in Gcn~~u,ny. Ironic. Bitteroveet tc the lut. For

!:sk nevsteottcr 5/2

the Gerlllllll,)' thnt. :noldeJ Mu.rcuuc Md tlu~·. he loved -· hill fir<>t publiaheU vcrk. WtLD o. liclted edition or Schiller-­vll!l also the Oermany ths~ drove hitn out. '!here i& ju1-tice in the fact th:1t. the Old. JC'I, 113 he l!:;metir.eo cBlled Mt~£elf, VILli al:llu final~· to pique the r.ouscience a.>Jd to onll.e a little t.rcuille r-:~r the lW'Id that bad roJe.::ted him .!.'!!.!! hatl dewured it:J own t>c!lt progeny B.lld impul11e11.

Se:cwnd, e. vord on Marcwse the act.olnr. lie l".nev l!ep.t:l, MIU'x, · Frelld Md could de textual anu.l.ysis vith t.hr. hc11t. o!' them. llut his FUTPOBe vaa not to produce ncr.olul"lY tl"r.cta illu.:r.ln11.ting the ideu uf sel!Llnal minds. H~ did not. vdte bnok!l tn Freud; he Wled i''reud -- rutb­lu&sly <PICn -- ~o expu~:e n 1ntcr•hl:~~toric!t.l. a:!.tuat!cn ch.l.l"acteriz~d and d.o.Uno.tcd b;l th~ u.,iqu~ psychic a.~~d ecunt.:r.i~ :oncatenntio::a c.;.n.frc."'ting poat-Fre11dill.ll aan. Mlll'cuee vcs net, then, "n llegeliar., o. Marxiat, a Freudian. !.lke the be11t ec.cu.l tht:orbts c.r the put, he bot·ra~o·ed l'!'oo, a.ltered, end "r~-co!lccted" --in O@r1el ~:&reel's t"%'i!l -- the id~a.s of ti":e p'J.Jt in ordo!r to explain, to challenge, lllld to "ppo10e the lfo01!5trosit.lec ot cur belea-so~ered century.• '

The last tvo dec~es cr Flcrbert Hnrcll.ae' s lite vere in 'c:cu '.t,Ytl &n ironic and e:cpirical recapitula.ticn or hill critiqlle c!' modern aociet7. "'!'hat vhich ia net yet a co=o.lity ·o~!ll become one,'' he used to a,y. 'n:ose vho knev hit~ be1'ore the I"ilteuric Mcen.iancy to pubUc proc.• incr.ct. and -r;t:.e equally lltPep plwtge fr7ll the lieight' ot cedio !aver gated ?l'• the apectacle vith bemused ac.ue­::~ent., llB yhotogr:~.phera and l'f!porteru enshrined his vi:.sae .u;d triviallzed his m:.:~t acricus ideas. That he vss '\8

t:ntcrtlLined Nl Vl!l wa:1 trrical or MnrcUlle: through it all, lie rci!I!Uncd \U\Scnthed by hiu ovn rise and decline.

11\o'e live in the firot cociety ever in vbi::h reality D\.lt'Pnsoes W1d obli t~rates the im!lSina<;icl:l ," tlatra'ltorS of e.ll poUtical perauasior.e mn.de facile nae o! cryptic ·statements like this ""e to accuse Marcuae -:~f rank uto­pianism. He seldom bothered •.u ansver the ch!U'Se• bccall!le h'l th~ught the.t th~ !uagina.tion ·o~u the source nnd pl'COI:!rve of trc-edOII! against a predatcr;v und VIISteful

. society. , Sue!! Ht:gelisn remnsnta ean:ed tor him the tuldy­ing encity,or the Ucctrir.aire lett.

Lone: after hill acuity ns a aecial critic vos reccg­nit:ed abro•1d, he 'liM "discovered" in hio adopter!. cc.tu1tr:Y &hc.rtl.y atte\r the pubUcation of Cne-DJ~:~enaional MaD, in 1964, MarcUDc vu trnnefcrmed in the ;popular :nind into semet.hing he vas not by people Yhc usually failed to underot.ann hi:~~ and Yho often had net even rea.d him.

In msny lio,ys he vu tbe opposite or those vho acted in his nome. He neit.h~r invited ncr caused a cult tel­loving to emerse 1 although he no dOUbt felt vindicated by it in specific ami Wlderetsndo.ble veys. He offered erudite encouragement tC" the rational forces of rebel-· llcn 1 v.od coadcmnecO -- not loudly enough for so~ - the ::dr!dleas }:loya and anti-intellec:tuallsm.

Ho.rcUBe the man had been mo:~lded by a claseical Ger­DtUI educt~.tien; be pcsue:saed a Bildung and intellectuBJ Jincipllne that hBd all but died in the trenches of WI. I:!Wiscrl hims~lf aat on the examination beard when HarcU!Ie: took his. dcctcrute~ he atudied l-'ith l_.md lilt"!' ~:''.!':!.!.-.. nted) Heidegger; and the scope or Marcuae'a knCIII'ledge van a constant re::dnder tbo.t a part or him ·nelonged to the century of Knnt and Goethe. He had a passion tor late Beethoven !I,Uartet.s, Mohler, Bergt be knev mere about lloJ•Called literature -- ~l'tlllll 1 French, English --than many a contemporary academic epec'iall&t; he likecf food prepared ~J.cccrdir.g to the methods or Escorrier, and fine clarets c.nd CUban ciga.'"B.

Yet \Uilike tba.t of DatiY or hie leu erudite col­leagues, Mo.rcu:Je1s vhldOII! vu not fixed in the put but Villi brcught Msolutol.y to 't:eo.r on the preaent and prob-

• Tbe text begifming vitb the rcurth paragraph vu fit•at printed in 'l'he B-:~oton Phoenix, August 7, 1979. Copyrisbt John David Obe:r.

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11.hlt" fl.ture course of even~s. Marct.se transcended ~h wn !:ch~lo.r~t.ip to crente o. l• .. l'nthtllk!ng at~c! dev;wt.ctlns critique or edVMC!'d cnpita!fot ncciet1ea nr1J t!'!eir nt­t.cnr~t ideologies, For hiw, t.'nt.ergnt.e nnd Vifltlll>ll! C'id shw th:t.t the s;rst.et1 wcrl.11: unfairly and to th~ advsn­ta;.;e of thcue who have the co11t to lese 1!' it fo.ils,

Those or us vhol:l 1-l.a.rcusf.! to.ught nnd befriendl'tl. were mode especially a:.tare ot' the power inherent in "the laughter or det~d.ly seriousnen~." There VM n.ore tt.llll a little or T!ll E"-Llenspiesel in his visicr. o..nd ill his :lc!"hnce. t:othing trie-gered Ida acatul.:~~;tbu.l vit r(!.llt.er than a m~m or voman \o·ho blatantly e&pO'.UI!!I! tht: ~·iuv thot the wcy we (and thing11) are now ie pretty cue\: the .,.11¥ ve (and they) h~>ve Blva;ys been. Marcwu.•'e lnughtur alv~s 12dE. Q p:~int, vas U."lobtruslvcl.y didactic -- 'lllG llo~ti~~~es concoaled his great wa.nr.th,

"Marcuse is like Ro:ls&e'lU -- vith l.e311 go.Ult n:::d core ga.llCW"J hWter,". A!"L undergr!Ulur..te'~; ro:~~ark, 3trMge at first .'gl:1nce but in the end olo:u~ 't<> tlle ::;ark, Just as Pousaenu beca.c:c 11. Yery sharp tbo:rll -in the flesh ot the Frenc:."l Enlightenel'fi or the 18th contury, ao Marcuse,

ir. his iz=onso integrity o.n::i fi.::ry opposition to it!~ol· ogy 1 ruffled mort. t.hM feothors c.cross the pclJ.t.ical aa:e..-:trum. Ha was subJectod to OJJ W\e::~ding litJYLy at eplthetil: Stalinist, r.nt1.-vorking clooil, CIA aeent, elltht, pessiiJiist, utopian, to li•t n. few of the !!lOre poUt" lebels.

If hill onelll1es have yet to discover tile &.rO::I\::1 vhere Marcuse'o acetal analysiu 1a moat \-ul.r.erable, it to not for lo.ck or t:")"in,g;, And 1'or a.l:!. the apf.ll~d ink, tev if P.JlY, critics have sath~~~octorily ~t the ball:lt1ng chal­J.enge or a.dt"quately r~ruted his threatening theory of T(·prl!'linive tolernnce 1 bls conc!:'pt of r~pre&sive desubli­~n.::~.ticn, or hlB co:~ elusion that modern 3ooiet:!.es arc unt'rce and d!!lllt'nted prec1ae.l.y because of t.hd.r appnrent rat:!.onnli ty,

Ma.rcuue's ow:~. truculence great.ly impeded the ef1'ort5 to cl.IULsiry, ~ack~-e, end sell him-- r.r.d ulticately to pretez:d he d!.t'. uot exist: true, vhon he c<lt too close to the bone, he va:; q,Uickl.y to.ker: etr the ::aarllet, !!ut hla­tarically, reports at his death o..s a pover to be reolt­oned Wi tb are probably gr!Jatly exa.gserntod.,

Herbert Marcuae: t~ Philosopher as Perpe~ &andal * b)'

RUSSELL .JACC6Y Herbert· Ma.rr:use 1o dead. Last Sunda;y night, at the

o.ge ot 81, lle succumbod to a vorld he' Bl'IIQ,YE rodutl.'d, Rio list or crec!ita or cril'les !u lo:.e:, and Jt includcc inciting the student revolts of the 19G03, Jo'or th~Ae vho collect evidence that the •!iaa are ove:o, IWot.her scrap can be puted in the album. But tho3e \o"ho Wt'r!! too young to remember those years e.nd those vho never cared should be told: A piece ot the 11\"ing ;Palit he,s been dislodged,

Bei'ore tt.e flood of bathos COCI!lll.:nces, let it be . said: Herbert Marcue vas a perpetual scandll.l.. He be­longed to a. s:t~ec!.ee on the endBllgered list evecyvhere: the politically engll&l:d intellectual, !lb.~ \lorlJ or the big buck and the fast d!!a.l. vas not hisi neither VtLII he one o: those o.cademico vho clamber' up th~ lo.dder of govemment ~oato a=:~d consUlting fee&, nor vas he the !'rOOlt MBZI \JT fall guy. for Ul)' political group. His ct.-=.It=ent to critical and independent thought belongel! to a f~~odlng tradition.

M&rcWie shared obsoleBcence vitb ethers from hb e:enort~.tioni !t was the a.:~uree of theil' intel!tlctual force, ~"bat ho an.id on the occasion of the death or bio triend 1 'l'. W, Adorno, CM be oe:.id ot hiiLISe!t: He preaerved put !ot'IM of cUlture in the Wlctii!'Promislng opposition to the preaent culture, This genoration indictod the pNLa~:nt Vith ita cwn past, iiere va.a tho root of Ma.rcw:e•a unfaahio:leble integrity, 'lb11.t Mo.rcu.1e vu attaCked :~ot· only by detenderu of the J!Lecurity ot the f<epublic, but !!lao by Mcaccv's Pravada.: not or.ly b:r the Pope 0 but a.l.ao by the French COIII:INiliot Party; i10t cnly by the American Legion, but aloo by left sectaria.'la ougaeeta that he "threatened authorltiea ct t:veq &tripe-. f.!arcWie vu not only a subversive; he vu sub\'eraive to the unbverrivea.

Marcwse a subversive? He never tireJ or attirmtn:: that he WM ooly a "poor" philaeopher, He thl'e'J no rocks r.nd set no bo=b1. He offered only unelqlurgated thought: thinking v1thout cenaorahlp and roar, But this provoked eensorohip and fear, Academlcc vera un­nervud by hia intellectual audaeit)'• and the ease >lith which he walked betveen Lhe depart11111nts tJt tho univer­sity, He vrote on Marx aa vall 1.11 Freud, on the Sorlet Union a.s vell as the United States, oo philoaopby M

voll M JU't, ifia "cadnlllic: critico vere ~:onvlneed that lleco.uoe ho had ao much to aq ho lacked rigor. JJe!'en­dero or law 1111d order mailed him dae.tb threats,

Mll.l·cwe va.a a man of the 20th century, 1111!! lililo 'its 'o"ictim. Along llith a generation of Jews, J.{arcuse made the trek from .<iermany to the United 13h.tea as Hitler CD.QC to pollor, Hie 81 ;,ocara began in Berlin and, vith 1nten~ediate stops in Gen~va. Hew York, WL!:BhiDgtCll and BG&ton, ended in Southern Calltomia. vhore he Joined 'tt:e fa~:ulty or Ul' San t'ie:go in l9f.i5. Otbere vere not so lu.ck~. Ma.v never began or finished Lhe flight trOl:l fascbm, Har:::llle did not•torget, and hill nimet:~bari11g' 'IIIUI not an afterthought or a voekend teetin~onial, ·The critical tu:lction ot memor.r infused and lnrgely defined h.L11 vork. 'l'he vounda 'tl:·lt heal. in time,· he vrote, vere alao the wounds th11.t contain the poison. In the cloud­lers ukies Or f:outhern Cal:!.fo~nia, Marcuse never forgot the darkness that haunts civilb11.tion.

Marcusfl drNlk dcoply from Freud, as vell as tram Marx end Hegel. 'l'he titles ot some or his books S\lg­gest hill unfaah!.onablo scope: 'trod and Civilizr..tion and Reaaon and Revolution. 'nlese tour vords encomp8.3s eve:-oJthins: he vrote. 'l'he Freud vbo pondered vhe;ther ags:resaic,;n and selr-destr>.1ction voUld d.rovu clviliza-

. tion ..,sa fam!liar to Marcuse; and he tumed not to tho M~x .:~f state production goals, but to tbe Marx ot h~ liberation, He sharod the sentiment& of his friend Max Horitheimer, vho ha.d denounced those revolutionaries vbo vere &l.rea~ draving up lists tor the executions of the future. V.I!LI"cll.:le vaz: no pll.cifit:t, but neither 'IIB.II he a trietld to the culticta or violence, In his vocabulary, uoro~oe:raphy vu not so much four-letter vordu

1 as the

har!!ware or mllit1117 doatruction, He folllld obacene a society that indicted the pornoa:raphera vhile parading be.'tedaled ~nerals to be gavked at by Little Leaguers and Boy Scoutu,

The improbable happen~d. For a historical· instant thill une01:1promiains intellectubl tro= the past, vho ne'ler lost hiLs German accent and never learned to drive, vas !ionized -- and curt1ed -- as inatiaatins the student upheavals ot the •tias, A student ot Mo.reuse•s, Angeln. Davis 1 made l1e~ine1 as a blo.clt revolutionary, and :~.dded to the din around her te'lcher. Hia beat-knovn vork 1 One-Di~M~nsiono..J. M4n 1 had appeared in 1~64. and ant1d:ro.ted. that f\lturo social revolts \iOl.Lld be trlg­serud not by a working elaa• bu.t by thode 11outaid611 the

• ~l!rinted by permiaoicn of the author, 'lhls e11141 origin~ appeared in tho Loa AnB"les Ti1110s on A:.gust 5, 1979, but hau Iince alao been published elaevhere,

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working clwu;: blacl111, mJ.noritieB, "Jtudento o..n<l pellplell or the 'lldrd io'orld, In tht! United StntN1 1 nr::\ CV'"n 1:\':.rt'

l.n Gerrnnny, FrllTICC Md Italy, Mnrelt!IC em~rl!t'd IIJI or.e of the ooot villible apoken:.en of n uew left. Th·~ ''ncv" er the New T~t't e:q>reolll!d o. h~lJe. llTI.:I., partly, n Nlllity. It \las nev !l.rt'!'r the dhoipo.tlon n.'ld rocor-r••s!llon of' t!:e older lett nl' the 1950r:, ru:.d it turnt.d MI!JY fr;;lr: ':M traditiuno.l nrentu1 of' elect~ono Md trade uniun1 to ··hnllen~c r:o~tety in ito gut: the Dtreetto, tne t>ure!l"J­craciea, the !'on::D of' 11:'-:- ond lc.ving. Yet did the )"•JUth of ;;~rry RuMn'll .!1.9-1.1..1.. --the Yl~pien, hir:pier. an•i rebell!.ng a':•ldentn -- actually r'lnJ 11nrce~ae'D bvoitn1 llo r::.atter. For u. ~:~oc'!'nt the~ V!Lll " conw•ro~enee of !ll:lr.­

oibilitie&. The inchoate protest og!l.ln11t tlie v•Jr in Vietnn::: n.Hl ro.cJn:::, vhich ,a;>illed into o1. 'l.'!.:l.cr .u:l;i deeper protent, fo\:nd its reo.r.on a..'ld mind in an n~~ng Ge:;T.un-Je;~!sh phJlo::.oph&r. Fer n ~l!'.er.t '.he sat: 1:c­t;~een the text:: of f.inrcuJ~ lollt: t~e vr!.ti.ue ~r. tl1e vall vu clc::;ed, At the IHil"..C ti~:;e thet he Vo..'l wrJtlng "tt:c fi&ht for Er"s ia a political fight" the strc!:ts re-

. IIOU:lded vlth the ucuffle:o: of n co-.;.,t~r-e:.~l:~ure. I!'' P.nreuse Vll!: f!l.llhlonab:i.e, ho-.rever. it v:w dec pi te hic­oelf; he vrotc no blank eheel:.n, an<.!. vas scmti:ne:: 11

thnrp critic ~r the New Le!'t, And !.'hen th'! vor!:l. vent on t.v other thir:,;11, ~lllrCUIIr; continued ;.-r!t!:~g nod lec-turing. ·

A soeiet)· tra=tized by the exh.utntion of' it!l energr ~d f\lel 11hould take pote. Fsacicm p!leked orr

irlok nevsletter 5/2

to I.!JI!9t otwre:l 11 3!1 vcr !'rom the vrceko.ge of' Europcun cultlu·~. !t 1nelu<lr.t.l n •ntoma,l ~1o.nn, n. Bc:-tolt l!recht and n !!r.:rb<!rt :·!nrcu~~·. tw l.'ell no thoUllW'oU!l or ot.hcrn. To rit.k c. generu.lh,.tion, one q,unli ty m~y or thio gen­eration Dho.red va.n art 1n~xhnuat1llle intellectual energy to \.'rite, teach und live, ~~arcu:Jc VllS !l.Cti'lf! Md eom­mi'..t~J, int.~n·Ltcd nHd intereBtint; to the v~:-y t'nd or t:.ill lif"(!, l!t· vao born bcfor~ the llf':e p!' the auto:=ob1le n.nd h~ d1e:1 ln the nuel11n.r e:•a, 'l'udn;:r, eorro:1ion and croslc:. ha.ve d!:.:nn~ed tl:e ll.'t..lllty a.nd cnerg:• t.o think er!tleu.lly o.nd bol:Uy; t!u: p~ is pnol'o &nd !'ev !l.rt: uppl:;ir.g. ~~n.rcu!l~ 1 n exll.,.ple or cr11.icnl re1'lec~ion :u:1 p()litleal ;:o:::.itccr.t ::un~ bt> prote~t~d nnd nurtured. ;..u t.hc ec::.r.r p:;...,er !n the unl.VCl'liC ~111 nor. lig.'lt e. vorld t.:1.11t to~;~.:~ l.ollt itll nbilit.y to lllw:rlnulc itnclf.

!I.M·::u,c, the JlC:>:Iii:Unt, once VI'Ote thnt. "!lot those ..,n~· dle, ~:.tt th0se vi.o die 'be!'orc they 1:1'->tt W1d "'ant :o Ci.e, th-Jsc who Jie in n.gor.y W1d p11in. ere t.h~ Hreo.t. in­..;tetl:1lflt ag11.in!lt et·,il1Zt<.tior.." lleither 1'.a.rcu:>e'o life m;r d(!nth tu!.d to that 11.d:let.~t:ent; til~ earnn~ or daiJy li!'.: rutd tht: dentructioa or var:1 tt.orc tho.'l nuffiee. ~!nrc..:ne le::l c. fUll and t:rneet'Ul life, \olho.t dot-J darken th<! f'.Ltw·e prospe::t.s, ho-o~ev~r, i:l that the ro:·ce f:..'l:i 11ubversion vhieh bel-mr: t.o the e~go.6(<d .but independent lntcllectu!U. ~:ill fMc into c.oblhlun. ::..'ld tho.t vith Marcunc we are Cur-;ing a piece o1' ouraclves which "'e nrc un&ble to retrie-ve,

Herbert Marcuse, Marxist Phdosopher * by

RAVA ~'I'EVSKAVA

'l'he death of Herbert Mllrcune on Ju.l¥ 29 :=arks u. 'Jad d:q on tbe htotoric clllendo.r of young rcvolutionfiJ·ien ns well 1'111 ol:1 M.!o.rxiats. Hov gre11.t is the voiJ. de:.th hoa created cnn bt.. gauged fron his mature life~opnn 1o'hich covered the 1939 tieiT.IIIn P.evolution,. the u.S. Ilev Lett in the m1d-l960s, to tho! very month of hia dl:ath i~ oer­t!S:IY - tbe country r:f hi:i birth, tl1~ lo.nd or both l!egt-l h.nd Marx -- vbere he was preparinr a paper on "'l'he Holocaust" to be delivered botb·-thc..re 'lrid in Spein. ~\llrcune's ll!'e-apnn vis by no zr.eana one upvnrd npirt&l. But the fact that the. maaa ~dia, in their -.~bi~ • ...:u:les, choooe to dllell en his One-Dimensional ~:..n, e.s 1.f that 'lolere the focal point of hiR lire. tell!l a great deal 1:10re about decadent ~npito.lis!ll than it does about Herbert He.rcuce. ·

'l'hc truth ill that, u o. young CW'I completing hill military ntr:-vice in Gemany, he vao active in the rc•to• 1utiollal"/ Joldiera' Council in Berlin, Marx's philoso­phy or liberation and the revolutiono.rieo, Rosa Luxeu.bure-Karl Liebknecht, were the real detc7'tllr:.IIIItll ot' Mo.rcUs<! 18 lite, It ill true thnt when the Social r..!lliCIC­

rl\cy' beheaded that 1919 revolution r.nd Ron Luxe~:~bw·g and Karl Llebltneeht vere :aurde:oed, Martouse-le~ political aetivtsm ror tne stua:• or pn~!oziopny. l" i .. uui.. ;. • ..,., that t.e 'lolavered in his co=ltment to Marxism.

!n th" very period vhen hi" vrote hin fh•at maJor vork, Hegel's On.tolocy Md the FoWTde.tion of' a 'l'hoorJ or Hhtort. which still bore the traces or bts teP.cher, Heidogser, he peMed wba) rouins to thh da,y one of the most proround an~naaD· of Marx•:~ Eecnomie-Philosochle V.e.n'.llleripta of' 1844, which hlld Juut ther. (1932) been published In Ger~~:any, Not only doe11 l~arc~:&e there call Marx'e earlY eaeaye the "philoeophico.l roundati;m or a theory or revolution," but he adds preeeien'li~' for our ti~:~~ta:

All atte=Ptl to diuJ.oe the ph1lc11ophle~ ecnto:nt of' 1-'.arx'e theory cr to aloeo over it !n eu.bo.r­ruament revao.l a complete ro.11ure to recojp1iZ.e the hietorlee.l origin or the the(.ll_')': tht!:f ~et

out froc M !!GSenti:l.l sep!ll'ntion or philcsopt.y, economicn o.ud :reYolutiollll.l'Y .pr!lXia, vhich is o. produ.::t or the :reifice.tion against vhich Mar~: fought Md vhil):h he ho.d n.lrea.d,y overcome at +.he beginr.ing ol' hi~ critique (p, 10), ·

.Just w the boureeoie preoa is tryinS te~ rCduce the lliotoric lega.C'/ of Ma1·cU11e to the vritine; or One­!)ll:lena!.onalll,•on (to vhich I'll return later),Oo'the 5tn.linist!l and. Mc.oista did eveeythinS' to slander Mr.rcuae !r. ~he 1960i1 \.'hen. by no meane a youth, he nevertheleoa identified vith ttl'! 1: ...... Left in the antl-VietMm Wo.r ~vement, .in 'lihe lllo.ck-revolution, in th~ otudent cove­ment ;~t.ich rose to n cllCULX in Mey, 1968, in Paris,

;.'hat tho11e utnte-er.pitalist pructitioner.E>, cnlllns thelll!lolv<ls Co~J:IIwileto, don 1 t e).:plllin is vhy tht.'Y chon!." the mid-1960a to pre-oeeupy thel!lllelvea with "exposing Hart-UsP. 1e role" of working for the u.s. Gover.ltll!nt tva dcCf•deo earlier, ln Wcrld V~o.r I:. l.llat they hide is U.n.t owhlb !.tar:use, even then, did not compromise vith I~!U'xiaz:~ ~~· the.y have totally revbcd Ma:•xlllc \>o'lih aa theory ond in practice. 'l'he rell&on io tvorold: Hrntt by the 196('1o, tor dirtel'!lnt reasons, both Russia. :.oo::! ~!.::.:. ~!"..'"'"'"- ':'.' "!":'~··~ ·~ .. !' ~ ..... ':~~:!.;-: ~ ~'::~"C"'! "C"! oppoolne U.C. imperialisrn -- thnt tn to oay, nctuo.lly carrying out secret nllgotio.tione with it to 1:1nke aure there vculd be nc;> :.ucceoa!'ul. social revoluticn in their GVII lruodu, CeconJ, 3to.l1n1ot• wtd Ma.clata o.llke hoped to malt& tl:•' "expos~" of Marewe uo nlW1deroua th11.t nc::e would want to loQ): tt.t what Ha.reuae hnci published in that cruc1n1 yenr ur 19111,

•n1at 'oiM the year PJ11.11on Md R"\'Olutlon appeal'!ldo In the.t. oetdne.l vo1·k, Mar..:we e11tllbllahell the Hwne.nism

• Reprlllttld t)' por:daaion o!' the author and or Charles Denty, eUitc.or c.;C Nev• & LoLtt~re (Detroit), 'lhere it orieine.ll,y Appure!l {Vol. 24. No. 7, Augtlllt..September, 1919).

5996

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ink nevol~tt~r 5/2

of H:a.rxiom, nml rc-eotnbl_iohed iho r~·~olutlcm~ey ti.in.lec­tlc of ijef~l-Hnrx, for t.ht: fll'ot. tir.IC forth~ llm!!ril!nn public. (2 It in ilt}.·oooible to forg~t t.he h::lcbteot'.n~[ll 1.:c !'flH !'o:- ~!u.r::::U!Jc when thnt b:e!l'..h f'f !'r-!~h o.!::- n.nd vi:~hm of 11 trulY clo.:~:~leoo uoelety VIlli potl.ollllhed -~ nn<l veo ~o•erc 1\ctivr::.,Y ,oppc:~ing that ~~:;l'leriall~t. vtu•, It vun th~ ycnr I t>mbnrltc<\ on t.he stud;( of the nut.ure of the HunuiM crcnozr,y nn<i the role Clf lubor in thllt. &tut~­plrumc,J ccc.noey, Md CILI:Ie upon MIU'X 1G 1!\!fn!l'li:t F~ae.yu nnd the f~~.~r.o;~un Frunltfurt School. 'r.'hile I d~ep"l.y din­ngree-:1 vith thllfle Gerr:um rerugeeo vho ver(' ur.Uilr tnc n­lu~ion lhnt onr. voy of righting llnziBm \14!1 to vork for the U.S. Gov~r:-.rncnt, I felt 11 kinship t0 tho:~c op:oon'lnto of !In::: in::~. One thing thnt dhtlnguish!'d l!trhC'rt ~11\rcu:~e, n theoretl.:io:: in th11t. fa:toUII Frunkf'Urt Scho"l \off!c!IIJ­ly Inotitute l'c•r Sccial Heoenrch), vno that he Uid n'lt hold h:l.l:llelf npnrt from the people in the cc•m'..r,.' in vh1ch he nO'.: lived; nn1 h1:J friend:! vcrc M~ the r",Jlcra, but the revolut~unnricll.

Thus at the t:•.!igt,t, of JJ.eCnr':.llyi:~:~, vhcn the llu:nanls:n or Mnrx!se~ nt-oat ·.:hich I 1.:ns .,..rltlng in ~tnrnsc Nld Freedom-- itu Am~dcM root:s as vell OS its \"Ol'ld ~on -- vas har:l.ly the ~roost popul11.r -t:heCiry to prc;­pound in the11e United Stnt<l!s, J.!.ucUile ·1olur.tee~d, vhcr., I sent hie thl' r.w\Uscript, to 01:-itr: the Prefnce t.c itl31 He a.lno tried to find s publisher fer i-:.. lftither ir. private nor ir. put.lic did ve e·;er hide the sharp .!i!'fer­ences that didded till. But tt.st d~d not lleep him frDill prao:ticllig hio strcng belie!' in a ::ont1r.uo1:a, cpen, :~e­rious battle Of idea/J WI CIOl'C t.han IDC1"l! bO'JrgeOill decoC• racy. As he vas to put it in. that Pref~~:o:et

The Mti.rxiM insistence on decocracy aa the prepnratoey stase of socieliam, fill' frOitl being a clon.k, or "Aesop!.an lMSUilSt:" perte.ir.a to the biLlie conception ond is nnt mir.!m:I.Z.:!d by the equlll.J.y strong insistence· on tht difference betvll"en "bourgeois" nnd soclalir.t del!IDcraey (p, 11),

Fairly recently (Nov. 1, 1976), the d1f1'erences sur­faced in a ne11 fonD a~ Hllt'cuse had not enly ~to;~ved avr.y from an;( belief that the proletr.rio.t vas the" revoJ.utiur.­ary force, but beatoved that revo!utionl!.l')' role en art. Here iB vhat be \l'roto vould be m:1 attitude: "You v;;.ll. lat:gh, vhen you hear 1 am \l'ot>king on Ml'l.l'Xbt netothetic&t 'Doesn't be have ether "orries'l' But peorhe.~o·ve vill meet o.p:ain so:~eti111e, a~ilere, f'ur a geed !tlscussion nn~ dis~reezeent.."

The detennining dl\•iaion betveen uo, o!' cour:Je, c:ame in 1961 vith the public:ation of One-Dimensional ).tan, As ni!;ainat the Mlll'xio.n concept of lo.bor (lll tne revolu­tionary force a:1.d renaon ror trsmofonaing society, vhich Marcuae had hellnot only in his 1932 euay on Marx but also in hie. 1941 Rellllon and Revolution, and as 11 depar­ture (or development if' you \iloh} or t~c 1957 Preface to Marxism ond Freed=, vhen Mo.rcuse began questic.ning tl:e t•ole of t.h~ prole-tariat, he n.;r.r pronounr.~<\ nothing ahol·t of co.pital!am's "intesra.tion'' of the voridn~J ~lo.:~ro in mind aa vl!lll as bodv -- and even, b. ln Sartre 1s analyllis o!' n.utoe~ation, in aexualit,v. I held, in'Jt.!ad, that, far from the proletariat having becoltC one.-dim~r.llional., vhat the intellectual proves vhen he does net see proletaria:t 1'f1Vnlt. ill t.hRt hill thrnurht is une-dimcnlionnl. I sent hit:! my· reviev, and'vbcn iiext ve met 1 vhat. boppenttd dia­cloees hov grea.t is the philosophic void that his death bringa and bov h~~.rd it vill be to fill that void.

He laughed at my rf!viev(4) and called M n "romM­t.lc," 'l'ho:~e S<l!ntle eyes of hiB had a 11'1¥ of' smiling even vhcn he van theoratir.o.lly shouting at you -- llD if' be vere aaying: 11It really ill good tu hnvc one vho stl..ll believeD'; !'or~ vitbout revolution, vhat is there?"

Thia ..,a/J the o.tti tude I aen!leJ nsGJ.n ns he au:idf!nly engaged me in a discusoion of a. phrase Marx :.130d in his Crltiaue of' the Gotha Prosramrr.t": "lohor, frOI!I ll c.,re meMO of lire, has become the prime neceaaity nf lite." When he U!lkad vhat I thought thnt meMt 1 it M'Jd hlll'dly

be lltl"t'IUICO. thnt Marcnoe knell very voll vhnt Marx ~~~eont.,

lie WMU't. rutklng r~r OJ•:f 11ort of Uufinition nbout hcv diffel"!nt frcm alienr\t'7d lnbor under co.pito.liDm vould b., Jat-or !1.'1 !'!!lf-!tctivlty ew.l llelf-o.lev~lorl!!'!nt vh~n, vith the abolition of "the nntitheai.J batveer. ~r~ent.Bl and phya­iC'kl labor," th~ nr.v society coald writl: ..on ito benncr: "F'rolll eu.ch 1\:::cQrding to hill nbility, t:. ench according 1,o hi11 noel!."

fio, vht~t he Wu.!l IIU,vine V11.5t since ve "elll'not Y~"lov" vllen lnbor lo'i ll Lecu~~;e crenth·c (lll uni teri =-c:ntlll.-physi­ca.l, 11!\Y l!lt~rr. than ~o~e cnn knov vhen the utnte vi!l "~o~itber avey" - ll:'.d 1.1e nrc ourei'Y'*ll·ting inn "repre::­:~ive roono!.ith," 'Lc it the U.S. or Ru:111ia --what cen ve, "o. ·1ery tiny dnor!.t;r," do1 If you think it 111 r.iO'i=e thi!Jl th~t r.rcnt Rr.!'llJal -- velll

~~nrr.uJt• u.l ... eys hnd a ntrong atrel'llt o!' peuids~:~ in hi:=~. I dt•n't z::eM peudchllll in ~'lY "pay:hologico.l" sente -- ilo cr.joyeri life too much for thnt. I mea."l this coostar:t. v~:erir.g bct'.le~r. loving utopill-ll ond not believ­i.n;: :!.n the:; aoce oort or cJoud 'll'a:J l\l.,..a;ys "-PPOBring nt the very r:.or::er.t vhcr. he thought he l!l'l.\1 !'a-rthest. Ah, the!'i' go'!a th11.t aclle in ~!toGe.~ntl~ eyes, Ch, no, he 1:: d~&:il

t.'ne fir.a.'!., peNo:llll ..,ot•d,- L'lSt year lo'hen ! s:~v bin. in CUil'omit., 01here I vas on 11. lecture tour, ve of' . course dis>~.,;recd ll£ain; and again it vu on the !learnoss or dtooo;w:.co o!' ~volu'ticn. Suo:idellly he a:Jked ce vby I :iidn't stop '1r.lnning a.round," (thA.t 1e. being active), and concentrate inotetl.d on fintshl::.g the .m!UJUScript an no:;.s L~xeznburp; o.nd ~!Brx's Ph1.l09ophy of' Rl!ve>lution.

Wilen the newlo' .of MIU'cuse's death came thio July 29, jnat 10 Wqa after his O::.St. birthde,y, nnd I remecbered the l113t diBCWI&ion, 1 thought: the 1919 Gentan Pevolu­tion end Marx' a philo3opl'.y of li'tleru.tion Vl!re precisely t 11e point& or the bh•tb of He-rbrn't Marcusr as Marxillt philoacpher. HC!\1 sad tho.t h~ ill gone! Hov greo.t that the revolutionar:r legacy lives on I

Detroit g'.!g • .?, !979

tl:ITES

(1) In English thlo essey, "The Foundation of Hiatnri­ca.l !·late:-ial.!.em," Wllfl not,publiohed until1972, vhen it va:~ included in n collection of his essays, Studies in Critical Phi~, Hell Lett Books, London.

(2) It is true that Mlll'X 1a Esu;ro themelvea vere nat publ!ehed in Englhh until I included them as Appendices to l'.arxiam and Freedom in 1957, But analyais of them, 11.3 vcll as the attitude to the Hugel-Marx d:!.a.lectic as revolutionaey, net forth in Rea.aan and Revolution, sent !tan)" :Jt\ldents "ho Mev other languagca to seek the:n out.

( J) It vsa lll11o the J?Ciriod vhen he had Just finished ~!:2!_and Civilizat.!.on and, vhile I had kept llfl diatonce or. tht= vhole que11tion of' trying to combine Freud 'll'ith Mlll':.:1 I 1\U, turn th., book over for reviev to a Mlll'xist­Hucsniat physician vho held that "lt is to the great ered.i t or Mareuoe that he clearly o.nd per&lotently pu.i.u;,., wt t.",:. ~-=~ .. ..,.vnlutionllrv core or Freul\t•n poychollllnlyeill: t.ha.t the life in11tincta , , , required not co:llprollliae but reJection of' the present society, not oubliiiiAtion but confronting the aiekneoa that is dis­turbing 1t10dert: life," ("A Doctor Speo.Jo:a," Neva & ~.Feb. 5, l957.) ---

(11) Seo "Rcaaon and !\evolution vo. Conromhm and Technol.oa" in The Activist, Fall, 1964,

EOITOO!Al. DEADLINE Subciasion of materials ror tho Volume 6, No l,

ru.:WSLE'M'ER h l 15 Janu~~ory 1980

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