international technical conference on experimental safety ... · thethirteenth international...

The Thirteenth

International

Technical

Conference on

Experimental

Safety Vehicles

Sponsored by:U.S. Department of

TransportationNational Highway Traffic

Safety Administration

Hosted by:French Government

lIMiVERStTATSBtSiJOTHEKHANNOVER

TECHNiSCHEIVDRMATiONSBSUOTHEK

Held at:

Paris, France

November 4-7, 1991

Volume 1. Opening Ceremonies Thru Session 5

Contents

Foreword iii

Introduction v

Attendees vii

SECTION 1. OPENING CEREMONIES

Welcoming Address 1

Jerry Curry, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of TransportationUnited States

Keynote Address 2

Jean-Michel Bernard, Minister of Delegation for Road Safety, Arche de la Defense

France

Awards Presentations 5

Chairman: George L. Parker

Awards for Safety Engineering Excellence 5

Special Awards of Appreciation 8

SECTION 2. GOVERNMENT STATUS REPORTS

Chairman: Howard M. Smolkin, United States

Commission of the European Communities 9

Daniel Verdiani, Directeur General, Direction and Generale HI

Germany 10

Karl-Friedrich Ditsch, Ministry of Transport

Japan 15

Noritoshi Horigome, Ministry of Transport

Italy • 17

Franco Zacchilli, Ministero dei Trasporti

Canada ^

S. Christopher Wilson, Transport Canada

The Netherlands 19

Gerard Meekel, Ministry of Transportation and Public Works

Sweden •^3

Lennart Fremling, Ministry of Transport

xvii

13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles

United States 27

George L. Parker, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

France 37

George Dobias, Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Securite

SECTION 3. TECHNICAL SESSIONS

Technical Session 1: Crash Investigation and Data AnalysisChairperson: Fred Wegman, The Netherlands

Sl-O-02

Advanced Accident Data Collection—Description and Potentials of a

Comprehensive Data Collection System 41

B. Kamren, M. v Koch, A. Kullgren, A. Lie, A. Nygren, C. TingvallFolksam Research and Chalmers University of Technology

Sl-O-03

Data Linkages in Real Crash Analysis: A Key to Progress in Road Safety 45

Urs Maag, Denise Desjardins, Claire Laberge-NadeauUniversite de Montreal

Sl-O-04

Child Casualties in Fatal Car Crashes 48

Harold Valee, Marie Christine Caiilieret, Gerard Faverjon, Jean Yves Le Coz,

Jean Marie Heinrich, Christian Thomas

Accident Research and Biomechanics Laboratory Associated with PeugeotJean Claude Coltat, Poissy Intercommunal Hospital Centre

Claude Got, Institute of Biomechanics and Accident Research

Alain Patel, Orthopaedic Research Institute

Sl-O-05

Data Analysis of the Speed-Related Crash Issue 57

Noble Bowie, Marie Walz

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Sl-O-06

Cyclists and Pedestrians in The Netherlands: Different Needs of Injury Protection? 63

L.T.B. van KampenSWOV Institute for Road Safety Research

Sl-O-08

The Cause of Head Injuries in Real World Crashes 67

Pete Thomas, Mo Bradford, Edmund Ward

Research Institute for Consumer Ergonomics, Loughborough University of Technology

Sl-O-09

Car Model Safety Rating—Further Development Using the Paired Comparison Method 78

M. v Koch, A. Kullgren, A. Lie, C. TingvallFolksam Research and Chalmers University of Technology

Sl-O-10

Driver Fatality Risk in Two-Car Crashes: Dependence on Masses of Driven and Striking Car . .83

Leonard Evans, Michael C. Frick

General Motors Research Laboratories

xviii

Contents

Sl-0-11

A Collection of Recent Analyses of Vehicle Weight and Safety 94

Terry M. Klein, Ellen Hertz, Sherry Borener


Sl-O-12

Compatibility Problems of Small and Large Passenger Cars in Head on Collisions 103

G. Ernst, E. Briihning, K.P. Glaeser, M. Schmid

Federal Highway Research Institute, BASt

Sl-O-14

Survey of Car-To-Fixed-Obstacle Fatal Crashes Ill

Claude Henry, Serge Koltchakian, Gerard Faverjon, Jean Yves Le Coz

Laboratory of Accident Research and Biomechanics Associated with Peugeot SA/Renault SA

Alain Patel, Claude Got

Orthopaedic Research Institute

Sl-W-16

Patterns and Causes of Serious Injury Amongst Car Occupants 121

Peter L. Harms

Private Consultant

R.J. TunbridgeTransport and Road Research Laboratory

Sl-W-17

The Use of Crash Injury Research Data by the Vehicle Inspectorate to Identify

Secondary Safety Concerns 136

Alan Bowker

Department of Transport

Sl-W-19

Air Bags in Crashes: Clinical Studies from Field Investigations 140

Donald F. Huelke, Jamie L. Moore

University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

J. Vernon Roberts


Sl-W-21

The Incidence of Multiple Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes 148

Stephen Luchter, Ruth IsenbergNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Sl-W-22

Crash Data Plans for the United States 155

William H. Walsh


S2-W-24

A Proposal for a Simplified Injury Scale "SAIS 9" for Use in Large Scale Accident Studies...

162

Felix Walz

Institute of Forensic Medicine

Klaus LangwiederOffice for Motor Vehicle Safety Research, HUK-Insurers' Association


Sl-W-25

Various Aspects on Crashworthiness Calculations 181

M. Igarashi, K. NagaiSuzuki Motor Corporation

Sl-W-26

Crash Pulse Recorder (CPR)—Development and Evaluation of a Low Cost Device

for Measuring Crash Pulse and Delta-V in Real Life Accidents 188B. Aldman, A. Kullgren, A. Lie, C. TingvallFolksam Research and Chalmers University of Technology

Sl-W-27

An Overview of the Vehicle Inspectorate's Database on Bus, Coach and Goods Vehicle

Examinations Following Major Accidents 192

Donald Macdonald

Department of Transport Vehicle Inspectorate, Accidents, Defect and Recalls Branch

Sl-W-28

A General Approach to Estimating Frontal Impact Collision Speeds 195

Denis P. Wood

Wood & Associates

Sl-W-29

Special Product/Person CVS-ATB 3-D Simulations 199

Donald Friedman

Donald Friedman Liability Research Group

Technical Session 2: Safety Improvementsfrom Advanced Vehicle/Highway Technology

Chairperson: Claudio Schinaia, Italy

S2-O-01

Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems—Safety Benefits and Public Policy 205

Eugene I. Farber

Ford Motor Company

S2-O-02

Description of Three PROMETHEUS Demonstrators Having Potential Safety Effects 209

Daniel Jean AugelloRenault Research Staff, PROMETHEUS Project Manager

S2-O-03

The First Practical Application of a Laser Radar Rear-end Collision Warning Systemin Production Heavy-duty Trucks 212

Itsuro Muramoto, Shigeru Okabayashi, Masao Sakata, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Tohru Yasuma, Kiyoshi Minami, Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd.

Todd Kohzu, Kansei Co., Ltd.

S2-O-04

The Anti-Collision Radar in the DRIVE-SMILER Project 220

Pascal Deloof

INRETS-CRESTANathalie Haese, Paul Alain Rolland

CHS-USTLFA

xx

Contents

S2-O-05

Improved Active and Passive Safety by Using Active Lateral Dynamic Controland an Unconventional Steering Unit 224Per Branneby, Bo Palmgren, Saab Automobile ABAnders Isaksson, Torbjorn Pettersson, Mecel AB

Stig Franzen, Saab-Scania AB

S2-O-06

Proposal for a Guideline for Safety Related Electronics in Road TransportSystems (Drive Project V1051) 230Winfried Asmuth, G. Heuser, H. Trier, J. Sonntag "

TUV Rheinland

S2-O-07

Influence of Electromagnetic Fields Radiated by Lighting Dischargeson Automotive Electronic Components 235S. Ficheux

UTAC

M. Klingler, M. Heddebaut

INRETS

S2-O-08

Improving Vehicle Safety Under Bad Weather 239

Joop P. Pauwelussen

TNO Road-Vehicles Research Institute

S2-O-09

Interactive Road Signalling—ISIS 246

L- De Vaulx

PSA Peugeot - Citroen

S2-O-10

Detection and Control of the Degree of Vigilance of Drivers 249

Michel Vallet, Sina Fakhar, Daniel Olivier, Daniel Baez

Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Securite

S2-0-22

Technical and Medical Aspects Influencing a Motorist's Driving Ability 256Andrea Costanzo

Rome University "La Sapienza"

Technical Session 3: Specialized Road Users

Chairperson: Kenichi Goto, JapanCo-Chairperson: Kaneo Hiramatsu, Japan

S3-O-01

Factors that Influence the Involvement of Motorcycle Riders in Traffic Accidents 263

Hubert Koch

Industrie-Verband Motorrad Deutschland e. V.

Ulrich Schulz

Universitat Bielefeld

S3-O-02

Computer Simulation of Motorcycle Airbag Systems 268

J.J. Nieboer, A.P. Goudswaard, J. Wismans, E.G. Janssen, A.C.M. Versmissen

TNO Crash-Safety Research Centre

xxi


S3-O-03

The Effect of Dummy Leg Design on Motorcycle Crash Test Results 273

M.A. MacaulayBrunei UniversityH. Karimi, B.P. Chinn

Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Department of Transport

S3-O-05

Current Situation of Pedestrian Accidents and Research into Pedestrian Protection in Japan . .281

Hirotoshi Ishikawa, Kunio Yamazaki, Koshiro Ono

Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc.

Akira Sasaki

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

S3-O-06

Proposals for Test Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection for Cars 293

J. Harris

EEVC Working Group 10 on Pedestrian Protection

S3-O-07

Development of a Head Impact Test Procedure for Pedestrian Protection 302

K.-P. Glaeser

Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt)

S3-O-08

Subsystem Test for Pedestrian Lower Leg and Knee Protection 310

D. Cesari, F. Alonzo, M. Matyjewski"~"~

INRETS

S3-O-09

Finite Element Modelling of Pedestrian Head Impact onto Automobile Hoods 317

David R. Lemmon, Robert S. Ballinger, Ronald L. Huston

Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Nuclear Engineering, University of Cincinnati

John Kessler, Jeff Elias, David ZubyVehicle Research and Testing Center, Transportation Research Center of Ohio

S3-O-10

The Effect of the Vehicle Structure's Characteristics on Pedestrian Behavior 323Kazuo Higuchi, Akihiko AkiyamaHonda R&D Co., Ltd.

S3-0-12

New Aspects for Optimizing Child Restraint Systems: Experiences from Accidents,

Trolley Tests and Interviews 330

K. Langwieder, Th. Hummel

HUK-Verband

S3-0-13

Side Protection and Child Restraints—Accident Data and Laboratory Test

Including New Test Methods 341

B. Kamren, A. Kullgren, A. Lie, B-A. Skold, C. TingvallFolksam Research and Chalmers University of Technology

S3-0-17

A Technical Evaluation of Motorcycle Leg Protectors 345

Nicholas M. RogersInternational Motorcycle Manufacturers Association

xxii

Contents

S3-W-04

Further Crash Tests of Motorcycle Leg Protectors as Proposed in the

UK Draft Specification 360

Nicholas M. RogersInternational Motorcycle Manufacturers Association

S3-W-16

APR Proposals for Child Protection in Cars 378

Y. Pincemaille, F. Brun-Cassan, P. Caillibot, J-Y. Le Coz

Laboratory of Accidentology and Biomechanics Associated with Peugeot S.A. and Renault (APR)G. Brutel

P.S.A.-Peugeot-Citroen, Laboratory of Automotive Safety

S3-W-18

Initial Conclusions of an International Task Force on Child Restraining Systems 385

C. Tarriere, X. Trosseille

Departement des Sciences de l'Environnement, Renault

G. Carlsson

Volvo Car Corporation

S3-W-20

Wheelchair and Occupant Restraint System For Use In Buses 391

Jan Petzall

Chalmers University of Technology

S3-W-22

Bonnet Leading Edge Sub-systems Test for Cars to Assess Protection for Pedestrians 402

G.J.L. Lawrence, B.J. Hardy, J. Harris

Transport and Road Research Laboratory

S3-W-23

Inadequate Head and Neck Protection of Child Seats 413

Donald Friedman

Liability Research Group

Technical Session 4: Safety Improvementsfrom Advanced Vehicle/Highway Technology

Chairperson: Bernard Durand, France

S4-O-01

Driver Needs and Safety Effects of PROMETHEUS Functions 417

Helene Fontaine, Gilles Malaterre

Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Securite

S4-O-02

Impact of PROMETHEUS Functions on Traffic Safety 424

Jiirgen H. Klockner

Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt)

S4-O-03

The NHTSA IVHS Program for Enhancing Safety Through Crash Avoidance Improvement . . 429

William A. Leasure, Jr.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

xxin


S4-O-04

Opportunities in Automotive Safety: A Public Health Perspective 438David C. Viano

General Motors Research Laboratories

Richard F. Davis, Milford R. Bennett, Robert L. LeFevre, Richard E. Rasmussen, Mitchel C. Scherba

General Motors Corporation

S4-O-05

Safety Aspects of Driving with Intelligent Vehicles and Intelligent Traffic Systems 449

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Scharnhorst

Volkswagen AG

S4-O-06

PSA Project 'Tor A Safer Road" 454J.P. Faidy, J. HamonPSA

S4-O-07

Automated Vehicle/Highway System 459Norio Komoda, Keiji Aoki, Takaharu Saito, Takashi Shigematsu, Hidetoshi Ichikawa

Toyota Motor Corporation

S4-O-08

"COVER" Safety Synthesis Vehicle 467Nelson Casadei

Renault

S4-O-09Vehicle Safety in the 1990's 472

John M. Leinonen

Ford Motor CompanyS4-O-10

Guiding Drivers through a Metropolis: Traffic Safety Aspects of the Guidance andInformation System Berlin (LISB) 479M.M. Popp, B. Farber, A. Schmitz

University of the Armed Forces

S4-W-11

Collision Avoidance—Function Allocation to Humans and/or Machines 482G. Reichart

BMW AG

S4-W-15

From Accidentology Analysis to the Intelligent Vehicle 487

J.P. Colinot

PSA Peugeot - Citroen

D. Lechner

INRETS

S4-W-16

Control Station for Moving Car494

A. Clerc

INRETS

S4-W-27

Analysis of EOG and EEG Signals to Detect Lapses of Alertness in Car Driving Simulation. . 499

S. Planque, D. Chaput, C. Petit, C. Tarriere, C. ChabanonRenault

XXIV

Contents

Technical Session 5: Side Impact Occupant Protection

Chairperson: Richard Lowne, United KingdomCo-Chairperson: Ian Neilson, United Kingdom

S5-O-01

Analysis of Dummy Readings Affected by Secondary Impact Point Intensityin Side Impact Tests 505

Tatsumasa Okamoto, Nobuhiko Takahashi

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

S5-O-03

The Effect of Door Structure on Occupant Injury in Side Impact 509

Hiroyuki Matsumoto, Hideaki Tanaka

Mazda Motor Corporation

S5-O-04

Protection of Occupants Against Side Impact 516

Albert I. King, Yue Huang, John M. CavanaughWayne State University

S5-O-06

The Protective Effect of Airbags and Padding in Side Impacts—Evaluation by a New

Subsystem Test Method 523

Yngve Haland

Electrolux Autoliv AB

Bengt PipkornChalmers University of Technology

S5-O-09

Air Bag System for Side Impact Occupant Protection 533

Toru Kiuchi, Kenji Ogata, Toyota Motor CorporationCharles ,Y. Warner, Collision Safety EngineeringJohn Jay Gordon, GMH Engineering

S5-O-10

"Renault VSS" Safety Vehicle: Occupant Safety in Side Impacts 542

J. Rio, D. Pouget, N. Casadei

Renault

S5-0-22

Parametric Study on the Side Impact Simulation of Renault VSS 549

C. Steyer, R. NajchausRenault

S5-0-13

A Simulation Method of Vehicle Model Coupling with Dummy in Side Impact 555

Yutaka Tsukiji, Koji TagaMazda Motor Corporation

S5-0-14

A Resolution of Side Impact Phenomena by Means of Dynamic Nonlinear FEM Simulation

and a Study of Vehicle Body Construction 560

Akihiko Inagaki, Nobuhiko Takahashi, Akira Tohyama, Akihiro Ohtomo

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

XXV


S5-0-15

Results of MVMA Full Vehicle Side Impact Tests on 1990 Model Year Pontiac 6000 Vehicles

Using BioSID and SID 567

Ronald J. Wasko, Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association

Kenneth L. Campbell, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

Sherman E. Henson, Ford Motor Company

S5-0-26

Comparative Performance of SID, BIOSID, and EUROSID in Lateral, Pendulum, Sled,and Car Impacts 573

Joseph N. Kanianthra, Donald T. Willke, Hampton C. Gabler


David S. ZubyTRCInc.

S5-0-17

Influence of Test Procedure Characteristics on the Severity During Side Impacts 588

J.A. Bloch, D. Cesari, R. Zac

INRETS

S5-0-18

A Simple Side Impact Test Method for Evaluating Vehicle Paddings and Side Structures....

592

Mats LindquistSaab Automobile AB

S5-0-19

A Dynamic Test Method for a Car's Interior Side Impact Performance 598

Anders Ohlund, Venti Saslecov

Volvo Car Corporation

S5-O-20

Door Impact Test Procedure and Crush Characteristics for Side Impact Occupant Protection . . 609

Satoshi Fukushima, Shuji Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki Fukatsu, Kenichi Asano

Toyota Motor Corporation

S5-0-22

Crash-Rate and Door-Padding Effects in Side Impact Simulations 615

Ran Cohen

Armament Development AuthorityEdwin M. Sieveka, Walter D. PilkeyUniversity of Virginia

S5-0-22

Evolution and Current State of Development of the Computer-ControlledComposite Test Procedure 621

B. Richter

ACEA/JAMA/MVMA

S5-0-23

Current Status of Correlation Between CTP and FST 634

Shuji YamaguchiJapan Automobile Manufacturers Association Inc.

Katsunori Taneda

Japan Automobile Research Institute Inc.

xxvi

Contents

S5-0-24

Future Enhancements of the Computer Controlled Composite Test Procedure (CC-CTP) 646Ronald J. WaskoMotor Vehicle Manufacturers Association

S5-0-25

Simulation Model for Vehicle Performance Improvement in Lateral Collisions 663

P.J.A. de Coo, E.G. Janssen, A.P. Goudswaard, J. Wismans

TNO Crash-Safety Research Centre

M. RashidyFord Motor Company

S5-0-26

The Development of a Method for Dynamic Simulation of Side ImpactsUsing a HyGe Accelerator—The S.l.D.E. Procedure 668

V.M. Stephens, D.G.C. Bacon

Motor Industry Research Association

S5-0-27

Light Truck Side Impacts with Serious Occupant Injury 673

Susan C. PartykaNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration

S5-0-28

Development of the MIRA Free-Flight Headform Rig to Simulate Occupant Side-Impactand Pedestrian Impacts 684

K.C. Clemo

Motor Industry Research Association

S5-W-29

Experience of Using EUROSID-1 in Car Side Impacts 690

M.C. Beusenberg, E.G. Janssen, TNO Crash-Safety Research Centre

R. Lowne, A. Roberts, Transport and Road Research LaboratoryK.-P. Glaeser, Bundesanstalt fur Strassenwesen

D. Cesari, INRETS

S5-W-30

Fatally Injured Occupants in Side Impact Crashes 701

Diane C. Lestina

Insurance Institute for Highway SafetyPeter F. Gloyns, Stephen J. RattenburyVehicle Safety Consultants, Ltd.

S5-W-31

Side Impact Into a Fixed Object: What is at Stake? 707

Mouloud Haddak, Michelle Ramet, Gilles Vallet, Dominique Cesari

INRETS

S5-W-32

Restrained Occupants on the Non-Struck Side in Lateral Collisions 712

G.M. Mackay, J. Hill, S. Parkin, J.A.R. Munns

The University of Birmingham

xxvu

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