InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

Introduction to ISO TC 207/SC 7

Standards

Yong-Woon KIM

ETRI

Hiroshima Meeting 24-27 March 2009

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Table of Contents

History Corporate responsibility Market status GHG assessment process ISO TC 207 Structure TC 207/SC 7 standards TC 207/SC 7 std relationship & positioning ISO 14064-1 ISO 14064-2 ISO Verification std Problem statements for ITU-T What to do for ITU-T

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Presentation focus

History for problem statements of GHG Protocol Initiative and ISO

Positioning and relationship among relevant standards

Scope of standards, not covering detail contents of theirs

What to do for ITU-T

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History (1/2)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by WMO and UNEP. It is publishing special reports on topics relevant to the implementation of the UNFCCC.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was produced for stabilization of GHG emission at 1990 levels by 2000.

UNFCCC came into force.

COP-1 (1st Conferences of the Parties) was held in Berlin, Germany.

1998

COP-3 was held in Kyoto, Japan, and the Kyoto Protocol was adopted for industrialized countries to reduce their collective emissions of

GHG by 5.2% compared to the year 1990.

“IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories” was published.

“IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Revised 1996)” was published in 1994.

“IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Revised 2006)” was published in 2006.

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History (2/2)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

WRI/WBCSD: a partnership initiated to develop standardized methods for GHG accounting.

"The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard"

"The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (revised)"

"The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: The GHG Protocol for Project Accounting"

ISO identified a need to standardize aspects of GHG accounting and

verification; and,Its gap analysis result: no internationally

recognized best practice guidelines on GHG verification

ISO 14064-1ISO 14064-2ISO 14064-3

ISO 14065

ISO WD 14066

ISO NWIP 14067-1ISO NWIP 14067-2

Verification-relevant standards

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Corporate responsibility

Corporate responsibility under the Kyoto Protocol Annual GHG emissions reporting is required. ICT sector companies also should do that.

Survey results of “Research and Markets” "Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting 2008"

was announced Staggering inconsistencies in calculation and verification

of GHG emissions of Fortune 500 companies • BT Group, Sony, Toshiba, GE, British Sky Broadcasting,

Matsushita, Cisco, Dell, EMC, Intel, Motorola, Siemens, Deutsche Telekom, Telenor, Verizon, Vodafone, Samsung, etc.

34 different public protocols or guidelines used The most widely used is WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol

(http://www.ghgprotocol.org/)

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Market status (1/3)

Programs using GHG Protocol

63% of Fortune 500 companies use the GHG Protocol.

Source: WRI/WBCSD

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Market status (2/3)

Standards options

Corporations Projects

Accounting and Reporting

• GHG Protocol, corporate; and ISO 14064-1

• ISO 14067-1 (Quantification)• GHG Protocol, project

• California Registry’s General Reporting Protocol

• ISO 14064-2

• IPCC Guidelines (national level reporting)

• EU Emissions Trading Scheme (facility-level mandatory reporting)

… …

Verification

• GHG Protocol, corporate

• ISO 14064-3, ISO 14065, ISO 14066

…

Labeling

• ISO 14067-2

• EPEAT

…

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Market status (3/3)

Study results of “Research and Markets” Verification

• Over half of the companies using standards

External verification• Less than half of the companies using the GHG

Protocol

Estimated costs • Between €75,000 and €800,000 for collecting data and

calculating GHG Protocol Scope 1 GHG emissions

• Between €50,000 and €500,0000 for verification

ISO standards are more competitive for the verification phase.

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GHG assessment process

Assign resources

Design GHG inventory

Collect data

Account for GHG emissions

Report GHG emissions

Verify GHG emissions

Set GHG targets

Reduce GHG emissions

Planning phase

Developing phase

Reporting phase

Verifying phase

Managing phase

(Managing phase)

(Managing phase)

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GHG assessment process

Assign resources

Design GHG inventory

Collect data

Account for GHG emissions

Report GHG emissions

Set GHG targets

Reduce GHG emissions Manage invento

ry q

ualit

y

Itera

te im

pro

vem

ent

pro

cess

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GHG assessment process

Assign resources

Design GHG inventory

Collect data

Account for GHG emissions

Report GHG emissions

Verify GHG emissions

Set GHG targets

Reduce GHG emissions

-Determine resource requirements -Establish a team-Prepare a budget

-Define inventory boundaries -Determine emissions sources

-Select a base year -Obtain appropriate data-Ensure data quality

-Apply calculation tools -Guard against calculation errors

-Identity emission reduction opportunities -Decide on target type: absolute or intensity-Decide on target level

-Implement emission reduction activities

-Publicly report complete inventory information

-Verify asserted inventory information

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ISO TC 207 Structure

SC 1 : Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

SC 5 : Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

SC 2 : Environmental Auditing & Related Investigations (EA&RI)

TCG : Terms and Definitions (T&D)

SC 3 : Environmental Labeling (EL) SC 7 : Greenhouse Gas Management and Related Activities

SC 4 : Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE)

WG 7 : Environmental Aspects in Product Standards

Source: ISO TC 207

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TC 207/SC 7 standards

Published standards ISO 14064-1 (Greenhouse gases – Part 1: Specification with guidance at

the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals)

ISO 14064-2 (Greenhouse gases – Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions and removal enhancements)

ISO 14064-3 (Greenhouse gases – Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions)

ISO 14065 (Greenhouse gases – Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition)

WG 1 working draft standards (Competency requirements for greenhouse gas validators and verifiers document) ISO/WD 14066 (Greenhouse gases – Competency requirements for

greenhouse gas validators and verifiers) WG 2 working draft standards (GHG management in the value or

supply chain) ISO NWIP 14067-1 (Greenhouse gases – Carbon footprint of products –

Part 1: Quantification) ISO NWIP 14067-2 (Greenhouse gases – Carbon footprint of products –

Part 2: Communication)

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SC 7 std relationship

Source: ISO TC 207/SC 7

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SC 7 std positioning

Assign resources

Design GHG inventory

Collect data

Account for GHG emissions

Report GHG emissions

Verify GHG emissions

Set GHG targets

Reduce GHG emissions

ISO 14064-1

Corporations GHG Projects

ISO 14064-2

Validators/Verifiers

ISO 14064-3ISO 14065ISO 15066

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ISO 14064-1 Keys

It is consistent with and refers specifically to GHG Protocol, corporate.

Design GHG inventory Define inventory boundaries

• Organizational boundary; and– Either “Equity share approach”; or,

Organization accounts for emissions according to its portion of equity.

– “Control approach” Organization accounts for all emissions from

operations over which it has financial or operational control.

• Operational boundary– Direct GHG emissions (called Scope 1 in GHG Protocol)– Energy indirect GHG emissions (called Scope 2)– Other indirect GHG emissions (called Scope 3)

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ISO 14064-1 Keys

Design GHG inventory (cont’d) Operational boundaries

Source: New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development

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ISO 14064-1 Keys

Design GHG inventory (cont’d) Definitions: direct GHG emission vs. indirect GHG emission

Direct GHG emissions: those from sources that are owned or controlled by organization

Indirect GHG emissions: those which are a consequence of the activities of the organization but occur at sources owned or controlled by another organization

Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions Emissions caused by sources that are owned or controlled by organization (e.g.

generation of electricity, heat or steam; physical or chemical processing; transportation of materials, products, waste and employees; and, fugitive emissions)

Scope 2: Energy indirect GHG emissions Emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, heat or steam

consumed by the organization.

Scope 3: Other indirect GHG emissions Examples: extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels;

transportation of waste, sold products, and purchased materials and fuels; employee business travel, use of sold products and services, waste disposal, etc.

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ISO 14064-1 Keys

Design GHG inventory (cont’d) Accounting for indirect GHG emissions by

purchased electricity

Source: GHG Protocol Initiative

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ISO 14064-2 Key

Key: accounting for GHG reductions from Projects

Source: GHG Protocol Initiative

Baseline emission: an estimate of GHG emissions, removals, or storage associated with a baseline scenario

Baseline scenario: a hypothetical reference case of what would have most likely occurred in the absence of a proposed GHG project.

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ISO 14064-2 Scope

Assess project concept/ feasibility/ program

Consult stakeholders before & after establishing GHG-project plan

Validate GHG project

Obtain approval of the project

Plan the GHG project

Register project

Periodic verification, certification and recognition of GHG units

Present final GHG report

Verify final GHG emission reduction and removal enhancements

Certify final GHG emission reductions and removal enhancements

Recognition of GHG units

Terminate project

Undertake project activities

ImplementationPlanning

Describe project;

Determine baseline scenario;

Establish procedures to monitor, quantify and report GHG emissions, removals, storage, emission reductions and removal enhancements; and

Validate the GHG project

Implement procedures to monitor, quantify and report GHG emissions, removals, storage, emission reductions and removal enhancements; and

Verify GHG emission reductions, removal enhancements and reports

A typical GHG project cycle

Source: ISO 14064-2

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ISO 14064-2 Process

Describe the project

Identify SSRs relevant for the project

Determine the baseline scenario

Identify SSRs for the baseline scenario

Select relevat SSRs for monitoring or estimation

Quantify emissions and/or removals

Quantify emission reductions and removal enhancements

Manage data quality

Monitor the GHG project

Document the GHG project

Validation and/or verification

Report GHG project

SSRs: GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs Source: ISO 14064-2

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ISO verification std

Reporter

GHG Registry

Consulting firms

Validator/ Verifier

Perform GHG reduction projects; and

Account for and report GHG emissions, reductions and removals

Consulting for project planning; and

Evaluating project plan and inventory

Validating project plan; and

Verifying asserted report

Requesting to endorse reduction results

Registering reduction

project

Managing results

Validator/ Verifier

Validator/ Verifier

A registry is an organization where companies can declare the results of their GHG emissions. Registries incentivize early action because companies will receive recognition for their voluntary emissions reduction efforts under any future regulatory schemes. Registries are often used to track GHG emissions, GHG emission reductions or GHG removal enhancements by assigning them unique identifier.

Korea granted validation/verification licenses to 7 organizations.

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ISO verification std

Validator/ Verifier

Validator/ Verifier

ISO 14064-3, verification process

ISO 14065, valiator/verifier requirements

ISO 14065, valiator/verifier requirements

ISO 14066, validator/verifier competency requirements

ISO 14064-3 specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance for those conducting or managing the validation and/or verification of GHG assertions.

ISO 14065 specifies principles and requirements for GHG validators and verifiers that undertake validation and/or verification of GHG assertions.

ISO 14066 specifies personal attribute, knowledge and skill (competency) requirements, required levels of proficiency and methods to evaluate competencies for GHG validators and/or verifiers by areas of competence.

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ISO standards users

Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) GHG Registries (http://www.ghgregistries.ca/)

ANSICA (http://www.ansi.org/ghg/), and so on.

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Problem statements

Survey results of “Research and Markets Inadequate standards yet

• All investors surveyed suggested that the current standards available to companies are inadequate. Suggestions given as to what would improve corporate emissions-reporting standards included a greater link between carbon-performance reporting and financials.

Mandatory for certain threshold of emissions levels

• Australia, Canada, and the UK are the only countries in which it is or will soon be mandatory for companies with emissions levels over a certain threshold (or meeting other specific criteria) to report on their emissions.

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Problem statements

Market news U.S. President Obama is planning to pay for tax

cuts with some of the money generated by a carbon cap-and-trade regulation.

Thus, GHG accounting and reporting is a critical management factor for companies.

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What to do for ITU-T

Work items Validity Justification

New accounting and reporting protocol

No• Leading solutions exist.

• No severe problems to leading solutions

ICT sector-inventory design guide

Yes

• Designing GHG inventory is not easy.

• Design reference will be helpful.

• Operation boundary of Scope 3 should be carefully analyzed because ICT can make GHG mitigation impacts to other sectors.

ICT sector-specific calculation tool within the framework of GHG Protocol or ISO standards.

Yes

• Reference cases: Refrigeration and Air-conditioning equipment (manufacturing, installation, operation and disposal); Semiconductors; etc.

• A tool for office-based and service sector organizations exist. But ICT sector-specific situations might require its own calculation tool.

How to incorporate four types of methodologies: national level; organization level; facility level; and product/service level.

Yes

• There are four types of GHG accounting and reporting methodologies which all may be involved with ICT sector companies. Thus how to incorporate them needs to be exploited into a protocol standard.

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