international telecommunication union overview of the itu report on boosting smart grids through...

InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

Overview of the ITU Report on “Boosting Smart Grids Through

Energy Efficient ICT”

Flavio Cucchietti – Telecom Italia, Turin, Italy Franco Davoli, Matteo Repetto –University of Genoa, Italy

Carlo Tornelli, Gianluigi Proserpio – RSE, Milan, Italy

Committed to Connecting the World

Outline

Climate change and GHG emissions Responsibility of the electrical system in GHG emissions The need for Smart Grids The role of ICT in reducing GHG emissions ICT and the Smart Grid Energy footprint of ICT infrastructures Smart grids in different economies

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Climate change and GHG emissions

GHG emissions are expected to grow much faster than in the last two centuries.

GHG emissions are largely ascribable to production of electricity.

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Responsibility of the electrical system in GHG emissions - 1

Large fluctuations in electricity demand during seasons and daily hours…

… require overprovisioning power plants and the electrical grid.

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Responsibility of the electrical system in GHG emissions - 2

Oil and coal fired power plants are the most widespread solution for bulk generation. They are responsible for GHG emissions for electricity production.

Production is made by a mix of efficient - yet static - base bulk and dynamic - yet inefficient - generation during peak hours.

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The need for Smart Grids

Sustainability of the electrical system requires the evolution towards new paradigms (Smart Grid), pursuing high efficiency and integration of renewables this is expected to cut down GHG emissions.

Issues for the implementation of Smart Energy Grids: Load management, Distributed Generation, Microgrids, Energy

Storage, Grid Management, Market operations, Electrical Vehicles, …

Much intelligence is needed to: retrieve, share, process, store and transmit information; make grid management automatic, reliable, resilient, safe and

secure.

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InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

The ICT sector can enable emission reductions in a number of ways:

Standardizing: ICT can provide information in the form of standards on energy consumption and emissions, across the sectors;

Monitoring: ICT can incorporate monitoring information into the design and control of energy use;

Accounting: ICT can provide the capabilities and platforms to improve accountability of energy and carbon;

Rethinking: ICT can offer innovations that capture energy efficiency opportunities across buildings/homes, transport, power, manufacturing and other infrastructures, and provide alternatives to current ways of operating, learning, living, working and travelling;

Transforming: ICT can apply smart and integrated approaches to energy management of systems and processes, including benefits from both automation and behavioural change and develop alternatives to high carbon activities, across all sectors of the economy.

The role of ICT in reducing GHG emissions


The role of ICT in reducing GHG emissions

Cutting off the carbon footprint By enabling smart applications:

smart motors, smart buildings, smart logistics, smart grid, dematerialization;

15% of total predicted emissions!

By reducing ICT’s own footprint

to avoid wasting part of the previous gains.

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ICT and the Smart Grid

ICT supplies the pillars for the development of the Smart Grid data management and processing communication infrastructures control and management operations

Issues too many contexts system of systems

heterogeneous communication technologies integration and interoperability

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ICT and the Smart Grid – 2

Layout of the communication system:

Distributed services and applications SOA, REST, Web Services

Data models and information exchange CIM, IEC61850, DLMS/COSEM

Networking SN, LAN/HAN, NAN/MAN, WAN

Communication media and technologies Wired (Ethernet, xDSL), Power-Line (HomePlug, HomePNA,

HomeGrid), Wireless (ZigBee, Z-wave, WiFi, WiMax, GSM, UMTS/LTE).

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Energy footprint of ICT

Energy footprint of ICT is continuously increasing.

Large scale deployment for the implementation of Smart Grids will further raise current forecasts!

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Energy footprint of ICT – 2

Homes and Distribution grids are expected to be the most critical environments. millions of such sites in the whole

system.

power consumption (Wh)

number of devicesoverall consumption

(GWh/year)Home 10 17,500,000 1,533Access 1,280 27,344 307

Metro/transport 6,000 1,750 92Core 10,000 175 15

Sources: 1) BroadBand Code of Conduct V.3 (EC-JRC) and “inertial” technology improvements to 2015-2020 (home and access cons.)2) Telecom Italia measurements and evaluations (power consumption of metro/core network and number of devices)

An example: Future broadband network’s Energy footprint estimation

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Energy usage of ICT equipment is increasing in homes, owing to:

more ICT devices laptops, set-top-boxes, smart phones,

handhelds, tablets, … ;

most devices are left powered on even when not used

often to maintain “network presence”;

inefficient standby states

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By considering only the home network (which is the most critical one, due to numerousness), with reference to a medium-size country (Italy)

o devices’ energy consumption as per the EC BroadBand Code of Conduct 2012 target

o 33,000,000 homes and small enterpriseso Consumption of

Meters: 2 W each – 578 GWh/year; Home gateway (ADSL – sharable with other functionalities): 5.35 W –

1547 GWh/year;

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Consumption of Sensors/actuators, 10 elements per home (could be much more):

o based on Low speed power line: 10 × 2 W each – 5780 GWh/year;o based on ZigBee: 10 × 0.25 W each – 723 GWh/year;

Displaying device: 3 W – 867 GWh/year; no standby mode considered, as all devices today are expected to be

always on. In this scenario, overall consumption per household could range between ~13

and ~30 W in the worst case, which results in ~3.7 – ~8.7 TWh per year. By assuming a figure of 2500 kWh/year for a typical household, the range

above would correspond to a 4.5% to 10.5% energy consumption increase for each customer.

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Technical considerations, all networking technologies

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The path towards a Green ICT includes: Re-engineering of devices’ hardware

energy-efficient silicon; reduction of complexity.

Dynamic adaptation of performance power scaling; low-power idle.

Smart standby states proxying network presence; virtualization.

Estimated energy saving in 2015-2020 perspective telecommunication networks by the ECONET project – Telecom Italia use case.

Both at•device level•whole network level (energy-aware traffic engineering)

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Smart grids in different economies

Electricity is a key driver for economic development and social wellness.

Disparity among different countries is evident in production of electricity; grid infrastructures.

Most developing countries have power grids with limited coverage and low efficiency.

In many developing countries just a very small part of the population has access to the electrical grid! The need for “Just” Grid.

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Smart grids in different economies – 2

World electricity generation from 1971 to 2009 by region (TWh). (Asia does not include China.)

Regional electricity system use and loss of electricity

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Regional power pools in Africa (Maghreb power pool is not shown).

High voltage transmission grid in Europe.

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Smart Grids have the potential to fill the gap sustainable and low-cost production of electricity through large

integration of renewables; microgrids and islanding mode of operation for rural areas; improvement of efficiency by grid monitoring; reliable and cheaper supply of electricity by demand-response

mechanisms; new business models to address specific needs of low-income

customers and reduce administrative costs related to meter readings and billing.

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Key issues, challenges and opportunities for ICT

Modern paradigms often rely on rich and flexible data description and transmissiono may turn into major transmission delays, network load and latency,o could lead to unacceptable performance for time-critical applications.

Coexistence of multiple technologieso wireline offers higher performance, but with higher deployment costs (remote

areas),o wireless provides cost-effective solutions, yet with worse performance and some

limitations to reach underground installations; further, interferences are likely for unlicensed technologies.

Survivability of the telecommunication network to blackoutso needed to enable automatic and prompt recovery from failures of the electrical

grid,o guaranteed through back-up batteries and diesel generators

lifetime of many hours (or even a day) in central offices, but few hours in small installations

limited by technical, economical and environmental factors.

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More information

Contact: Cristina Bueti ([email protected])

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/

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Thank YOU

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