INTERNATIONALISATION OF INTERNATIONALISATION OF INDIAN TECHNICAL INDIAN TECHNICAL

EDUCATIONEDUCATION

VedhathiriThanikachalam B.E., M.Tech, Ph.D, M.S, F.I.E, F.I.G.S, L.M.I.S.T.D, L.M.I.S.T.E,

Indian Heritage

Ancient Indian Universities– Takshashila in the North– Nalanda and Vikramashila in the East– Vallabhi in Kathiawad– Kanchi in the South– Nadia in Bengal

International Scholars

Scholars from the FareastJapan, Korea and China

Scholars from the SouthSrilanka

Scholars from the mid EastGreece, Afghanistan and Iran.

Areas of Education offered by the Ancient Indian Universities

Medical, Public Administration, Astronomy, Religion, Defence, Architecture, Agriculture and Strategies of expansion.

Impact of Foreign Invaders

Destruction of Institutions Low priority to Education Destruction of Educationalists Destruction of Materials Diversion of Resources

Middle of 19th Century

Establishment of three Universities by the British– University of Calcutta– University of Bombay– University of Madras– 150 years of existence.

Third Largest Higher Education System in the World

Attract international students– From Developing Countries– Low cost– Cultural closeness– Closer distance– Historical linkage

Scope to Expand Higher Technical Educational System

National Perspectives International Perspectives

International Higher Education

The process of integrating an international, intercultural and / or global dimension into the goals, functions, (teaching / learning, research, services) and delivery of higher education

Why Internationalisation?

Internationalisation of education is high on the agenda of most of the universities in the developed world.

The prevailing view in these countries is the universities that do not make major efforts to become more international run the risk of being progressively left out at international, as well as the local levels.

India – a preferred destination for international students.

Low cost Education in English Global recognition to Indian professionals Strong University network Liberal visa policy Infrastructure – international standards in

selected institutions Quality Education in selected Institutions.

Motivation for integrating an international dimension into higher

education Academic Excellence Social / Cultural consideration Political and Economic reasons Needs to market technology based

products Market Leadership

Factors responsible for the growth of Internationalisation

Rising demand for education in the parts of the world where adequate facilities and personnel are not available

Surplus educational capacities in many countries Universities and higher education institutions

need to raise funds Shortage of human resources for research &

development workers

Economic development due to international students.

Availability of high quality graduate students

Getting political support from international participants countries

Facilitating technology transfer.

Acquiring leadership and creating innovation

Sustenance of innovation Rapid progress in Research &

Development Projects Access to technology, human resources &

markets.

Advantages of Internationalisation

Promotes values and culture Generates goodwill Enriches the educational processes Enhances the quality of education Ahead of competitors Assists to generate financial resources Helps to enroll the best brains.

General principles of Internationalisation of Higher

Technical Education Equal access for all even if students are financially

weak System of international cooperation in higher

education Should be transparent Convincingly evident between the countries Long-term sustainable collaboration and co

operation Focus on the social and cultural impact of

internationalisation of higher education.

Goals of Internationalisation

Creation of favourable conditions for outwardly mobile students and faculty

Facilitating their studies or trading in other countries.creation of conditions that enable foreign students to gain access to local study programmes

International dimension to course contents and teaching methods

Cooperation with foreign partners

Developing relevant curricula and instructional strategies and methods

Quality to meet international standards Marketability of higher education

programmes

Context of Internationalisation

Economics Solidarity in relation to developing

countries Humanitarian Peace keeping aims

Process of development Complex process Goals Curriculum Education Accreditation Credit Transfer Instructional process & medium

–Materials–Standards–Case studies–Projects

General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)

A set of multilateral legally enforceable rules

Governing international trade in services

World Trade Organization

Came into force in 1995 GATS covers 12 different sectors in services Transportation Recreation Construction Education ..

Sectors of education Primary Secondary Higher education

– Technical education– Vocational education– Agricultural education– Medical education– Veterinary education– Legal education– Physical education– Science education– Arts education– Adult education.

Mode of supply

Cross border supply Consumption aboard Commercial presence Presence of natural persons

Cross border supply

Programme mobility– Distance education– Online education– Course franchising

Consumption aboard

Student mobility Foreign students enrollment

Commercial presence

Institution mobility Branch campus / extension center/ college/

university

Presence of natural mobility

Academic mobility– Professors and researchers working

temporarily aboard– Contract faculty

ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES (AIU)Initiatives

Organising visits of Vice Chancellors’ delegation to different countries

Visits of Vice Chancellors to France, Australia, and Thailand

Held joint seminars with AIU Australian vice chancellors committee

Signing of MoU s with different organizations Participated in Asia Link Programmes of European

Union AIU – German Academic Exchange Services (DAAD) AIU –La Coference de Presidents d’ Universite (CPU),

France

DAAD Interactions

Held Roundtables on Internationalization of higher education with international faculty

MoUs

Signed MoUs with the Vice Chancellors committee of Australia (AVCC)

Hochshul Rertoren Konferenz, Germany (HRK) La conference des Presidents d’ Universite

(CPU) of France Committee of Vice Chancellors and Directors

(CVCD) of Srilanka & Mauritious

A I U’s Interactions Association of Commonwealth Universities

(ACU), London International Association of Universities (IAU)

Paris Commonwealth of Learning , Canada UNESCO Global University Network for Innovation

(GUNI) International University Sports Federation

(FISU) World Bank

Problems

Commercial and financial interests have gained prominence in the internationalization process

Threaten to displace the more utilitarian & necessary transformation of higher education

NEEDS

Evolve policies and mechanisms to promote internationalization of higher education

Curb the exploitation of developing countries by the developed countries

Government of India policies relating to the promotion of Indian Education Aboard

Amendment of UGC Act 1956 The Act of AICTE Allow Universities to open off-shore campuses Export Indian education through distance mode Enact legislation that would regulate the operation of

foreign institutions Prevent the gross commercialization of education Regulate the operation of foreign institutions Allow only genuine academic institutions to operate in

India Simplify, within the existing legal framework,

procedures relating to registration, entry-test requirement

Issue ‘No Objection Certificate's and extension of VISA

Role of Indian Embassies and High Commissions aboard Play a proactive role in providing information

regarding the facilities for higher education available in India

Assist in the conduct of fair entrance examination & students recruitment

Establish educational counseling & assistance units through educational attaché

Raise the limit of percentage of international institutions & Indian professional institutions

Creation of supernumery seats.

The Mysore Statement Outcome of the Roundtable on

internationalization of Indian Higher Education (Feb 26-28, 2001)

Restructure University Administration Create & implement reforms in academic

activities Implement credit system Allow and qualify for credit transfer Internationalise curriculum Bridge programme in English Develop “Study Indian Programme” in the

Foreign Universities.

UGC Initiatives Promotion of Indian Higher Education Aboard

(PIHEAD) committee 2001 Operative mechanisms for exporting Indian

Education Formal leading edge programmes offered

regularly in Indian Institutions. Short-term credit based courses to meet the

specific needs of foreign students Educational fairs for formal degree programmes Programmes offered through distance education Promote Indian Education Aboard through our

Prestigious Institutions

UGC Conditions for Internationalization of Higher

Education Academic collaboration with the foreign

universities for the grant of any degree/ diploma / certificate shall require prior approval of the commission.

If a University enters into any academic collaboration such as franchise, study center tie-up or the twinning arrangement etc. with any foreign university leading to award of any degree / diploma / certificate will have to seek prior approval of the commission.

Changes in the Enrollment of International students in USA

Countries 2003-2004 Percent (%) 2004-2005 Percent

China 79736 24.48 80446 24.42India 57206 17.55 56509 17.15Republic of Korea

52484 16.11 5358 16.20

Japan 40835 12.53 42215 12.82Canada 27017 8.29 28140 8.58Taiwan 26178 8.08 25914 7.87Mexico 13329 4.09 13063 3.97Turkey 11398 3.50 12474 3.79Germany 8745 2.68 8640 2.62Thailand 8937 2.74 8637 2.62

Source: Report on Int.Edn Exchange (I.I.E)

Continent wise enrolment of Students in Higher Education

Asia 4,70,42,355 42.22%

Europe 2,82,57,589 25.36%North America

1,99,25,718 17.88%

South America

84,45,751 7.58

Africa 66,80,500 6.00%Oceania 10,61,313 0.89%

Asian Distribution of Students in Higher Education

Countries Enrolment Percent

China 12 million 25.53

India 10 million 21.28

Japan 4 million 8.51

Indonesia 3.1 million 6.60

Republic of Korea

3.1 million 6.60

Others 14.8 million 31.48

Indian Higher Education

Universities 356

Colleges 17,625Faculty 4,71,931Students 1,04,81,042

Indian Universities

Central Universities 20

State Universities 211

Deemed Universities 107

Institutions of National Importance

18

Total 356

International students in Indian Universities

Countries Number Percent

Asia 10,436 78.67Africa 2,005 15.11America 593 4.47Europe 178 1.34Australia 55 0.41Total 13,267

International students in Top Ten Universities

UNIVERSITY NUMBER Percent

University of Pune 2144 23.48

Bangalore University 1996 21.86

Manipal Academy of Higher Edn

1130 12.37

University of Delhi 1003 10.98

IGNOU 963 10.54

BITS-PILANI 648 7.09

University of Madras 363 3.97

University of Mysore 333 3.65

Osmania University 279 3.05

Bharathi Vidhyapeeth Pune

275 3.01

Total 9134

Academic level of International students in Indian Universities

Under graduate 77.58%

Post graduate 12.45%

Research (Ph.D) 1.39%

Others 8.58%

Sponsoring Agencies

Govt. of India Foreign governments International Development Agencies like

Asian Development Bank,World Bank,UNESCO,UNDP,CPSC,SIDA,

DANIDA Multinational organizations Self- financing students

Indian students studying in foreign countries

COUNTRY Number %

USA 80466 60.33

Australia 21000 15.75UK 16000 12.00Canada 7500 5.62

Germany 4200 3.15

New Zealand 3000 2.25

France 1200 0.90

Total 1,33.366

Foreign Education Providers (FEP) (1.1.2005 – 30.12.2005)

FEP operating in their respective campuses

327 89.84%

FEP through twinning programmes 20 5.49%

FEP through programme collaboration 15 4.12%

FEP through branch campus 2 0.55%

Total 364

Foreign Education Providers who Operate on their home campuses

advertising in IndiaHome country No of universities

/ institutions%

UK 133 40.67

Australia 46 14.07

Canada 39 11.93

USA 31 9.48

New Zealand 17 5.20

Misc. countries 61 18.65

Total 327

Misc. Countries providing FE Operating on their home campuses and advertising

in IndiaIreland 12

China 8

Switzerland 7

Singapore 6

Cyprus 5

Holland 4

France 4

UAE 3

Ukraine 2

Bahraine, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Malta, Nepal, Sweden, West Indies

1 each

Foreign Education Providers Operating in India

Country Number Percent(%)

UK 8 47.06USA 5 29.42Switzerland 2 11.76Canada 1 5.88

Australia 1 5.88Total 17

Foreign Education Providers Under Twinning ProgrammeUSA 10 50%

UK 5 25%

Switzerland 2 10%

Canada 1 5%

Thailand 1 5%

West Indies 1 5%

Total 20

Status of Indian Partners Foreign Education Providers under Twinning Programme

Affiliated to Indian Universities

13

Not affiliated 7

Summary of Foreign Educational Providers

From home campuses 327 89.84%

Twinning Programme 20 5.49%Operating in India 17 4.67%Total 364

WHY SHOULD WE INTERNATIONALISE

HIGHER EDUCATION?

?

Why should we internationalize higher education?

Academic excellence Cultural consideration Social consideration Political advantage Economic benefits

What is the impact?

7 out of 10 Public funded Universities attract maximum international students

Why?

Long standing credibility Quality Economy

What else to be done? More flexibility Global curriculum Educational fairs in other countries in Asia &

Africa Assistance from Indian Missions / High

Commissions Strategies for getting sponsors Additional seats Infrastructure adequacy Cost based seats Proactive council (AICTE)

Develop Leading Edge Programmes in Engineering & Technology Implement as global programmes Involve Indian High Commissions / Missions Generate excellent services Generate funds

GOOD LUCKBe global Indian !