Internet BasicsInternet Basics

ByByBhupendra Ratha, LecturerBhupendra Ratha, Lecturer

School of Library and Information Science School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, IndoreDevi Ahilya University, Indore

Email: Email: bhu261@gmail.combhu261@gmail.com

InternetInternet

The full name of Internet is the International The full name of Internet is the International Network. Internet is the world largest computer Network. Internet is the world largest computer network. It is the network of network. network. It is the network of network.

Internet is a huge repository of information on Internet is a huge repository of information on almost every topic imaginable. Users all over the almost every topic imaginable. Users all over the world can search information, add new world can search information, add new information and exchange views on different information and exchange views on different topics.topics.

History of InternetHistory of Internet The internet is a growing network established in the The internet is a growing network established in the 19601960s to meet s to meet

the needs of the researchers working in the defense industry in the the needs of the researchers working in the defense industry in the USA then called the ARPANET. USA then called the ARPANET.

The ARPNET or internet grew to The ARPNET or internet grew to 1010,,000 000 computers by computers by 1987 1987 and to and to more than more than 11,,0000,,000 000 by by 19891989. In . In 1990 1990 ARPANET ceased to exist, but ARPANET ceased to exist, but internet continued to grow to an estimated : internet continued to grow to an estimated : 1 1 million computers in million computers in 19921992, , 22million in million in 19931993. .

The internet now offers both information access and a fast and The internet now offers both information access and a fast and inexpensive means of communication to the public.inexpensive means of communication to the public.

Features of InternetFeatures of Internet This global network is not owned by any single This global network is not owned by any single

individual, company or country.individual, company or country.

Information are available in different format such as Information are available in different format such as text, graphical, audiotext, graphical, audio--visual etc. visual etc.

It has no central controlling body.It has no central controlling body.

It is fully capable of handling an increase in the It is fully capable of handling an increase in the number of users and an increase in the volume of number of users and an increase in the volume of traffic. traffic.

Cont…Cont…

It is the only way to connect globally.It is the only way to connect globally.

Internet as a most important source of Internet as a most important source of information.information.

TCP/IP is a standard protocol suite for internet.TCP/IP is a standard protocol suite for internet.

Advantage of InternetAdvantage of Internet It is cheapest way of communication.It is cheapest way of communication.

Fastest way of communication.Fastest way of communication.

Generalized standard are followed because it is a Generalized standard are followed because it is a public network.public network.

Best mode of education and business.Best mode of education and business.

Working with internet is not required very much Working with internet is not required very much skills.skills.

Disadvantage of InternetDisadvantage of Internet Inadequate security or dangers of hackers and Inadequate security or dangers of hackers and

cracker.cracker. It has much garbage rather than valuable information.It has much garbage rather than valuable information. Sometimes organizational productivity is reduced Sometimes organizational productivity is reduced

because employees are surfing the net for fun rather because employees are surfing the net for fun rather than for business purpose.than for business purpose.

Wasting of time because searching & retrieval takes Wasting of time because searching & retrieval takes very much time.very much time.

Addiction provide the harms for body & society both.Addiction provide the harms for body & society both.

Impact of internetImpact of internetThe internet and the web has significantly impacted the

way the world communicates, educates, entertains and conduct business. These changes to human interaction have specific implications for designing web pages / web sites.

• Communication• Education • Entertainment• Business

COMMUNICATION

Email – Easily exchange information at any topic by e-mail

– We can attach graphics, video, sound and other computer files.

EDUCATION

• The offers exciting, challenging new venues for formal and non- formal teaching and learning.

• We can also get information about correspondents and on-line courses.

ENTERTAINMENT

Million of people turn to the web daily for entertainment because of its unique capability of offering an interactive, multimedia experience.

Music, videos, sports, games, chat and more…

BUSINESS

Electronic Commerce or e-commerce – is the conducting of business activities online, including shopping, investing and other venture that uses electronic money or electronic data interchange.

You can also advertise or promote your product on the Web.

Internet ToolsInternet Tools

We can classified the internet tools in four We can classified the internet tools in four categories;categories;

Information retrieval toolsInformation retrieval tools Communication toolsCommunication tools Multimedia information toolsMultimedia information tools Information search toolsInformation search tools

Information retrieval toolsInformation retrieval tools In this category include the FTP and Gopher.In this category include the FTP and Gopher.

FTPFTP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that transfer or FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that transfer or communicate file at the internet. It is a powerful tool to communicate file at the internet. It is a powerful tool to transfer files between computers.transfer files between computers.

A file completely transfer by FTP which may be include A file completely transfer by FTP which may be include program, sound, video, articles, database etc. program, sound, video, articles, database etc.

GopherGopher

It is menu based service that established in It is menu based service that established in April 1991 by Minis University, America for April 1991 by Minis University, America for giving the answer by computer to computer.giving the answer by computer to computer.

Earlier gopher was a local service but now this Earlier gopher was a local service but now this a global services.a global services.

Gopher is a protocol designed to search, Gopher is a protocol designed to search, retrieve and display documents from remote retrieve and display documents from remote sites on the internet.sites on the internet.

Communication ToolsCommunication Tools In this category include the EIn this category include the E--mail, Telnet & mail, Telnet &

Usenet.Usenet.

EE--mailmail Electronic Mail; allows information to be sent Electronic Mail; allows information to be sent

between computer and people on the internet. It is a between computer and people on the internet. It is a most widely used internet resource. Just as a written most widely used internet resource. Just as a written letter can be sent to multiple recipients, an eletter can be sent to multiple recipients, an e--mail mail message can be sent to one or more emessage can be sent to one or more e--mail address.mail address.

TelnetTelnet Telnet is a protocol or set of rules that enables one Telnet is a protocol or set of rules that enables one

computer to connect to another computer. computer to connect to another computer.

Telnet also operates on the client/server principle. Telnet also operates on the client/server principle. Telnet allows the user to access internet resources on Telnet allows the user to access internet resources on other computers around the world.other computers around the world.

A variety of resources are available through telnet. A variety of resources are available through telnet. For example library catalogs, database and other For example library catalogs, database and other internet tools.internet tools.

UsenetUsenet Usenet also known as NNTP (Network News Usenet also known as NNTP (Network News

Transfer Protocol). Its basic function is transfer of Transfer Protocol). Its basic function is transfer of news and opinion to related subject available at news and opinion to related subject available at the news groups. It is converted information news the news groups. It is converted information news into Usenet format.into Usenet format.

Multimedia Information ToolsMultimedia Information Tools

In this categories include In this categories include

WWWWWW WWW is world wide web the most popular WWW is world wide web the most popular

service of internet. First www was developed service of internet. First www was developed by Tim Bernersby Tim Berners--Lee at CERN, a physics Lee at CERN, a physics research center in Geneva (Switzerland).research center in Geneva (Switzerland).

Cont…Cont… The www are prepared using the Hyper Text The www are prepared using the Hyper Text

Transfer Protocol.Transfer Protocol.

It is used as a market place, art gallery, library, It is used as a market place, art gallery, library, community center, school, publishing house community center, school, publishing house and whatever else its authors create.and whatever else its authors create.

Information search toolsInformation search tools In this categories include WAIS, ARCHIE and In this categories include WAIS, ARCHIE and

FAQFAQWAISWAIS

The full name of WAIS is Wide Area Information The full name of WAIS is Wide Area Information Service. WAIS is an internet search tool that is Service. WAIS is an internet search tool that is based on the Z39.50 standard that describes a based on the Z39.50 standard that describes a protocol for computer to computer information protocol for computer to computer information retrieval.retrieval.

It is based on client/server model. This system It is based on client/server model. This system can be search all document related to a keyword.can be search all document related to a keyword.

ArchieArchie Archie is a searching program which can Archie is a searching program which can

search all the FTP site at the available on the search all the FTP site at the available on the internet.internet.

Archie developed by McGill University of Archie developed by McGill University of computer science.computer science.

When we connect on Archie site the searching When we connect on Archie site the searching process starts than Archie shows the all related process starts than Archie shows the all related file, In which related directory and site address file, In which related directory and site address available.available.

FAQFAQ

The full form of FAQ is Frequently Asked The full form of FAQ is Frequently Asked Questions. In the FAQ some popular questions Questions. In the FAQ some popular questions and their answers are available.and their answers are available.

In the FAQ, Q. and A. are related to an In the FAQ, Q. and A. are related to an specific subjects, thus FAQ is a most important specific subjects, thus FAQ is a most important tool for knowing about any specific topic or tool for knowing about any specific topic or subjectsubject

Other internet toolsOther internet tools

Win VNWin VN VeronicaVeronica MosaicMosaic Using Eudora in eUsing Eudora in e--mailmail

INTRANETINTRANET

A private TCP/IP internetwork within an A private TCP/IP internetwork within an organization that uses Internet technologies organization that uses Internet technologies such as web servers and web browsers for such as web servers and web browsers for sharing information and collaborating.sharing information and collaborating.

Features of INTRANETFeatures of INTRANET It supports the same protocols and services as It supports the same protocols and services as

the public Internet including ethe public Internet including e--mail, news, chat mail, news, chat rooms and web pages.rooms and web pages.

It can be used to publish company policies and It can be used to publish company policies and newletters, provides sales and marketing staff newletters, provides sales and marketing staff with product information.with product information.

It is centralized control network.It is centralized control network. It is normally designed to integrate an It is normally designed to integrate an

organization.organization.

EXTRANETEXTRANET

Extranet is a semiExtranet is a semi--private TCP/IP network private TCP/IP network located outside the corporate firewall which located outside the corporate firewall which provides provides selective internal information selective internal information to to business partners such as clients/ customers , business partners such as clients/ customers , venders, suppliers as well as to remote venders, suppliers as well as to remote employees.employees.

Features of EXTRANETFeatures of EXTRANET

It is a corporate or business to business It is a corporate or business to business Intranet.Intranet.

It is based on client/server model.It is based on client/server model. It is exposed over the Internet to certain It is exposed over the Internet to certain

specific groups that need access to it.specific groups that need access to it. Extranet application developers must take into Extranet application developers must take into

account a wider range of technologies than is account a wider range of technologies than is the case for intranets.the case for intranets.

Differeces between Internet, Intranet Differeces between Internet, Intranet and Extranetand Extranet

S. S. NoNo

Features Features InternetInternet IntranetIntranet ExtranetExtranet

1.1. ProtocolProtocol TCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IP TCP/IPTCP/IP2.2. NatureNature PublicPublic PrivatePrivate SemiSemi--PrivatePrivate

3. 3. CostCost CheapestCheapest ExpensiveExpensive Cheaper than Cheaper than IntranetIntranet

4.4. SecuritySecurity Not secure Not secure Most secu.Most secu. Secued through Secued through firewallfirewall

5.5. UseUse AnywhereAnywhere Within the Within the organizationorganization

Among the group Among the group of org.of org.