internet - by tejas

8/14/2019 Internet - By Tejas

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Created & Presented by: Tejas.B.Prajapati (MMS-Systems)


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HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Coined from 2 words - Interconnectionsand Networks

Born in 1969out of efforts to connecttogether a US Defence Departmentnetwork called the ARPAnet (Advanced

Research Projects Agency Network) andvarious other radio and satellitenetworks.

Purpose:share information

Over time the internet has grownexplosively

Today the internet as become a

information superhighwayconsisting of billions of people connectedto each other


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Still Growing

As of January 11, 2007, 1.093 billion people use the Internet according to

Internet World Stats.


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BASICS OF THE INTERNET

DEF: The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible,network of interconnected computer networks thattransmit data by packet switching using the standardInternet Protocol (IP).

It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions ofsmaller domestic, academic, business, and governmentnetworks, which together carry various information andservices, such as electronic mail, online chat, filetransfer, and the interlinked Web pages and otherdocuments of the World Wide Web.


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INTERNET VS. WEB

The Internet is a collection of interconnectedcomputer networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, etc.

The Web is a collection of interconnecteddocuments and other resources, linked byhyperlinks and URLs.

. The Web is a service (a system for accessingdocuments) that is supported by the Internet(a gigantic network).


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INTERNET STRUCTURE

The Internet is often represented by a

cloud symbol, into and out of which

network communications can pass


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INTERNET PROTOCOLS

Application protocol ex: HTTP,FTP

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

At the lowest level is IP (Internet Protocol)


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ICANN

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Namesand Numbers (ICANN) is the authority thatcoordinates the assignment ofunique identifierson the Internet, including domain names,

Internet protocol addresses, and protocol port.

WHY ?

So that there is one and only one holder of eachname


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Language

The most prevalent language English

Nowadays the internet supports manylanguage: Deutsch, Hindi, Italiano,

Marathi , to name a few


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How the Web works

Web documents are linkedHypertext provide an easy way to manage large collections of data,which can include text files, pictures, sounds, movies, and more.

HTTP and hypertext links are the foundations ofthe World Wide Web

A collection of related Web pages is called aWebsite.Web sites are housed on Web servers, Internet host computers thatoften store thousands of individual pages.


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How to access the Internet

A home computermay be linked to the Internetusing a phone-line modem, DSL orcable modem that talks to an Internet serviceprovider (ISP).

A computer in a business or university willusually have a network interface card (NIC) that

directly connects it to a local area network (LAN)inside the business. The business can thenconnect its LAN to an ISP using a high-speedphone line like a T1 line.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/modem.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/dsl.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/cable-modem.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/lan-switch.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/lan-switch.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/cable-modem.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/dsl.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/modem.htm


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ISPs then connect to larger ISPs

Backbone: fiber-optic lines, undersea cables or

satellite links.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/satellite.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/satellite.htm


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Clients and Servers

Machines on the Internet can be categorizedas two types:

Servers

Those machines that provide services (like Web servers or FTP

servers) to other machines are servers.

Clients

The machines that are used to connect to those services are clients


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IP Addresses

Each machine on the Internet is assigned a unique address calledan IP address.

These addresses are 32-bit numbers, normally expressed as four"octets" in a "dotted decimal number

Ex: 216.27.61.137 Octets can have values between 0 and 255

A server has a static IP address that does not change veryoften

A home machine has the IP assigned by ISP and is constant for asession. It may change during next time.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/bytes.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/bytes.htm


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WEB BROWSERS

A Web browser (or browser) is a software application designed to findhypertext documents on the Web and then open the documents on theusers computer.

The most popular graphical Web browsers are Microsofts InternetExplorerand Mozilla Firefox.


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WEB SERVER


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DNS

Domain Names

Because most people have trouble remembering

the strings of numbers that make up IPaddresses, and because IP addressessometimes need to change, all servers on theInternet also have human-readable names,

called domain names.For example: www.howstuffworks.com is easy to

remember than 209.116.69.66
http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/


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The name www.wikipedia.org. actually has

four parts:

The host name ("www")

The domain name (wikipedia")

The top-level domain name ("org")

The root domain (.)


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Name Servers

A set of servers calleddomain name servers (DNS) maps the

human-readable names to the IP

addresses.

These servers are simple databases that

map names to IP addresses, and they aredistributed all over the Internet.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/dns.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/dns.htm


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SEARCH ENGINES

A search engine lets you search for

information by typing one or more words.

The engine then displays a list of web-

pages that contain related information.

This is called keyword search


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CONTENT SPECIFIC SEARCH


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SITE SPECIFIC SEARCH

Websites have built in search tool

Enables you to look for information on the

website you are currently visiting

Ex: Suppose I want to search RFID


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An advance search


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FTP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) utility

program is commonly used for copying

files to and from other computers.

You can also perform FTP through a

browser


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ftp://yourLoginName@IPaddress

If the remote machine has been reached successfully,FTP responds by asking for a loginname andpassword.

When you enter your own loginname andpasswordforthe remote machine, it returns the prompt

ftp>

and permits you access to your own home

directory on the remote machine usingcommands


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Some FTP commands

? to request help or information about the FTPcommands

bye to exit the FTP environment (same as quit) cd to change directory on the remote machine

close to terminate a connection with anothercomputer

delete to delete (remove) a file in the current remotedirectory

get to copy one file from the remote machine tothe local machine

put to copy one file from the local machine to theremote machine


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An FTP example

% ftp nordsieck.cs.colorado.edu Connected to nordsieck.cs.colorado.edu. 220 nordsieck FTP

server (Version 5.53 Tue Aug 25 10:46:12 MDT 1992)ready.

Name (nordsieck.cs.colorado.edu:yourlogin): yourlogin 331 Password required for yourlogin.

Password: 230 User yourlogin logged in.

ftp> put abc.txt 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening ASCII mode

data connection for abc.txt. 226 Transfer complete. ftp>bye 221 Goodbye.


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Survey Results


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E - MAIL

The concept of sending electronic text

messages between parties in a way

analogous to mailing letters

Every day billions of e-mail messages sent

E-mail has become an extremely popular

communication tool

H il t f d kt


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How e-mail gets from your desktop

to a friend

An e-mail message been nothing more than asimple text message

The ability to add attachments now makesmany e-mail messages quite long

E-mail Clients like Outlook Express / Eudora

E-mail client that appears in a Web page


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Email - client does four things

Lists all of the messages in your mailbox

by displaying the message headers

Lets you select a message header and

read the body

Lets you create new messages and send

them

Let you add attachments to messages and

save attachments to your PC


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Simple Email Server

Assuming you have an E-mail client on

your machine, you are ready to send and

receive e-mail. All that you need is an E-

mail serverfor the client to connect to.


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Working of a simple Email server

It would have a list of e-mail accounts,

with one account for each person

It would have a text file for each account in

the list ( inside a directory named after u)

You compose and send a message using

email client

Client would connect to the e-mail server

Th ld f t th i f i f ti d d th t


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The server would format those pieces of information and append them to

the bottom of the MBRAIN.TXT file

The entry in the file might look like this:

From: jsmith

To: mbrain

Marshall,Can we have lunch on Monday?

John

Saves other pieces of information like: date, time

As other people sent mail to mbrain, the server would simply append those

messages to the bottom of the file in the order that they arrived

When I want to look at my e-mail, my e-mail client would connect to theserver machine. Show me all of the message headers in a list format.

Click on a message header and it will show the body of the message

This is a very simple system


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Real Email System


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How email works- video


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Voice Telephony (VOIP)

VoIP stands forVoice over IP Started on Instant Messaging systems

VoIP can be free orcost much less than a normal telephone call,especially over long distances and especially for those with always-on ADSL or DSL Internet connections.

Eg: Sify has started a business by which one can make ISD calls ata cheaper rate.

Simple inexpensive VoIP modems are now available that eliminatethe need for a PC.

Voice quality can still vary from call to call but is often equal to andcan even exceed that of traditional calls.

Eg Skype has the best voice quality as compared to any other VOIPclients.


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Future Of Internet

Mobile Internet

E-commerce

E-Business

Blogging

Web 2.0


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BLOG

A blog is a lot like an online journal ordiary. The author can talkabout anything and everything.

Blogs are full of interesting links that the author has found

Snippets of information that are interesting to the author.

A blog is normally a single page of entries A blog is organized in reverse-chronological order A blog is normally public The entries in a blog usually come from a single author

In Short: A blog can be anything the author wants it to be.


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Create Your Own Blog


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Web 2.0

Web 2 0 video


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Web 2.0 video


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Creating your firstweb-page


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Some important concepts

Web page - A Web page is a simple text file that contains not onlytext, but also a set ofHTML tags that describe how the text shouldbe formatted when a browser displays it on the screen.

An HTML tag is a code element that tells the Web browser what todo with your text. Each tag will appear as letters or words between a< (less than sign) and a > (greater than sign). eg :

HTML - HTML stands forHyper Text Markup Language. A"markup language" is a computer language that describes how a

page should be formatted.

Viewing Page Source

Notepad Editor to write the code


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Your first code on the web

My First Page

Hello there. This is my first page!


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At Issue: Cyberslackers


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What is Cyberslacking ?

On-job behavior where employees using theirPC and Internet access a great deal, but not forwork related purpose.

Why are companies concerned?

Can lead to law suits:ex: If a person is using companys computer to

distribute pornography, the company can beimplicated as supporting him

Careless use can invite viruses and hacking

Lost productivityEx: If 2 employees devote 1 hour a day on this it leads

to 10 hours per week of lost productivity


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Taking Action

Employer can set policies

Ex: Restricting websites, chatting, downloading and

installing any software, using only companys email

system etc

Tools used by managers to prevent

Web filters(block access to certain websites)

Surveillance (real time activity monitoring) software Proxy Sever( traps network traffic)

Packet sniffers (examines all packets) etc

Key stroke Capturing Software


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At issue: EMAIL and MACRO viruses


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WEBSITES


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Reference Books Go Online

Advantages of online version

Up-to-date information

Depth and Variety

Can be referred later after download

E l di


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Encyclopedias


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Di ti i


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Dictionaries


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Th i


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Thesauri


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Read your favorite websites


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Read your favorite websites

without an Internet connection

St d t li


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Store documents online

M t S h B tt S h


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Meta Search Better Search


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How to download videos


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How to download videos

Editing videos online


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Editing videos online


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Google Alerts Get the news as


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g

it happens

Edit your photos online


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Edit your photos online


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Best Place to upload your photos


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Best Place to upload your photos


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Web-based instant messaging


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Web-based instant messaging


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Using PDF files without Adobe


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Acrobat


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Online Word, Excel by Google


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Online Operating System


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Online Operating System


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Conclusion


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Conclusion

Because of the growth of Computer and Internet technology,we now live in an INFORMATION SOCIETY

where information is considered to be an extremelyvaluable commodity.

Those who can control this and know how to access and use itare the key players in this information based economy.

BE TECH & INTERNETSAVVY


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Personal Details


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Personal Details

TEJAS.B.PRAJAPATI

B.E. (Computer), MMS (Systems)

Email: [email protected]

internet - by tejas

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