Internet Fundamentals

Internet ServicesWorkings Inside the InternetOrganizations and the Internet

Internet

Originally a set of public WANs set of major hubs redundantly linked (packet switch)

Different services on different WANs all text-based interfaces e-mail (bitnet), newsgroups (usenet), info (gopher)

Operations All used TCP/IP protocol

Each node has an IP address (198.4.159.10)

TCP is etiquette for transmission Today - one public WAN = WWW

except for 50% of usenet

Communication on the Internet

Email (jsmith@sony.com.jp) Everything to right is domain name Domain name server (DNS) maps it to IP address

Types of discussions Push/Pull, Synchronous/Asynch Newsgroup - what is a thread? Mailing lists (LISTSERV) Online Chat Messaging Blog (weblog) - opinion or diary site

Others can respond VoIP (voice over IP)

Need a gateway to translate analog to digital– Netmeeting (in windows), Skype.Net (free)

Information Sharing

World Wide Web Client/server system of protocols…

HTTP (hypertext transport protocol) Controls transfer of webpages (store/forward) HTTPs (secure HTTP)

HTML (hypertext markup language) Commands used to create web page

For storing/retrieving information Home page (entrance to website) Hypertext interface -- links, tracking Website vs. Portal

Workings of a Web Page

Web pages sit on text based servers So why are web pages so fancy?

formatting commands are embedded in text<bold> IT 610 Info Tech Mgt </bold>

The embedded codes are HTML HyperText Markup Language

they ‘markup’ the text

Filename must have htm or html

URL’s -- web site addresses

Universal Remote Locator Ex: www.microsoft.com/~mann/pubs/help.htm

Machine Name www.microsoft.com

Location on machine (folders) /~mann /pubs

File that has HTML help.htm

Domain Name Server (DNS) Translates URL to IP address (68.10.16.30)

Other Web Services

Telnet Use Internet to control host remotely

Login, send commands

Ftp (file transfer protocol) Put files on host (upload) Get files from host (download) Need ftp software

Web Drive middleware Acts like server is another hard drive

Interface between windows explorer and… Ex: webdav, web folders

Connecting to the Internet

What is an ISP?

Basic service vs. online service

What are your options at home?

How get to internet at work?

How does organization connect?

Internet gateway from a locationaccess only, no website

Internet and Organizations

Gen 4 in Networking History In addition to being connected to the

web firms have…Extranets

Public websites Private websites on Public Internet

Intranets In-house websites

Virtual Private Net (VPN)creates dedicated net on Internet

Intranets, Extranets vs Internet

All of them Are TCP/IP based Use HTTP and HTML Have hyperlinking and data entry forms Use web servers Give access to multimedia Are User Friendly

Intranet, is Network is within the organization Intranet has access to Internet but not vice

versa

Extranet

Extranet is created for outsiders ex: customers, the public, partners separate web server from intranet, firm’s

backbone People connect to it from Internet Connections to firm’s systems

View web pages Download info from firm’s web server Interact with firm’s systems

fill in form, data goes to web server web server accesses db servers, legacy

systems

Firm Creates a Website

Registers a domain name Hires an Internet Hosting Site Creates web pages

Home page with links to other pages

Uses FTP to upload pages to host site Using their web servers

Now users can get to site! But site is only informational

E-Commerce Fundamentals

What is e-commerce?

Doing business on the Internet What is meant by business?

Activities you can do on firm’s website

Customer life cycle gather info acquire product

Including mass customization manage its use retire the product

B2C - business to customer

Components public internet + extranet architecture +

third parties (electronic mall, EFT) or electronic hub

Steps create an attractive marketplace interact with consumers

use site to improve customer relations use information to improve operations

C2C or P2P

C2C = customer to customer Electronic Broker

connects customers together contact database auctions

P2P = person to person When you want to sell something

to someone you know

B2B - Business to Business

What if can’t get other firms to use your EDI? Most firms can only get 10% to 20%

Ex: Cessna has 4k suppliers, only 71 signed up Two other options -- e-mail EDI, web EDI

E-mail EDI PC software has data entry form

collects transaction info and validates it It then sends a formatted e-mail message

Web-EDI Extranet data entry processed by app server

Adv of B2B (Web Based EDI)

Benefits Cheap

already have ISP and browser already know how to use don’t need translator

Easy don’t need software or even IS dept can outsource it all to service provider

Fast -- set up new firm in minutes Disadvantages

Less efficient (esp. for high volume) unless data also goes to their system, redundant

data entry Harder to lock in suppliers

E-Commerce Software

Web Hosting Service Web Content Management Tools

Including dynamic webpages Web Performance Monitoring Tools Personalization

Allow customer to choose interface Cust Tracking

clickstream tracking and cookies collaborative filtering

predict what want to see next Search Tools on website 3rd party search engines User interaction on website

Payments on the web (frequent)

Prepaid Accounts phone 3rd party, set up account

Create prepaid debit account or Access to limited $ - credit card or bank account

give ID to vendor vendor emails 3rd party who sends you email

or use digital signature + PIN # Accumulated balance

Create account & make several purchases Vendor keeps a tab, periodically bills you

Or puts it on your credit card Electronic Billing Support Systems

Coordinate your routine bills, pay online

One time payments

Like certified funds w/ no float time buy online - 3rd party that works w/ bank bank gives you online $ and password you give password to merchant to use w/ bank bank gets $ from bank thru tradl EFT merchant confirms payment

3rd party P2P site (PayPal) Buyer uses credit card to make account & payment Seller gives bank/credit info to get payment

Payments on web (other types)

Add-ons to browser sends credit info

transmission decrypted by bank bank notifies merchant of approval

or client software + cash service Can pay people w/ same system

Smart card + card reader Take credit/checking to web

Digital Credit (credit co does authorization Handles electronic funds transfer

Digital Checking (cheaper) Works w/ your checking account

Online banking

M-Commerce

Architecture = wireless web microbrowser + WML

Internet Appliances Pagers, Cell/mobile phone Handhelds

Wireless websites Wireless/mobile portals Voice portals

Services Information based (lookup) Transaction based (buy) Personalized (who, where you are)

M-Commerce Applications

Email/phone Web info and ticket buying

Transportation Entertainment

Location info nearest….

Access to Media (newspapers) Financial services

Bill pay, stock trade (also alerts) Wireless advertising M-payments (similar to web versions)

E-Commerce and Supply Chain

Intermediation When one firm acts as an intermediary

in the supply chain Disintermediation

When E-Commerce allows a firm to remove intermediary from supply chain

Reintermediation When intermediary is shifted to a new

source

E-Commerce Models

Virtual Storefront – sell products Information Broker

Provides/sells info on firms, revenue from firms Transaction Broker

Process online sales for other firms (fee based) Online Marketplace

Where buyers and sellers meet, auctions Content Provider (syndicator)

Packages news, music… over the web Online Service Provider

Access to internet + portal to other services May sell member info

Virtual Community Hosts chats, bulletin boards, etc.

Pure-play vs. Clicks-and-Mortar

Web-based Infrastructure

Intranet Servers file server

gives access to shared files (ex: manuals) database servers

records, web page components web server

gives access to hypermedia pages w/ links application servers

provide access to shared software or display web front-end (user interface) connect w/ legacy systems, db servers or

groupware server discussion + email + calendar, etc.

directory server controls access to other servers

enterprise server or EAI servers connect multiple hosts, integrate CRM/ERP

E-Commerce Infrastructure

Extranet Give access to public website (informational) Give access to employee or partner intranet

Process transactions, communicate with customer using application, database, email servers

Handle large amount of traffic load balancers

Firewalls - Protect internal sites authentication server

handles login certificate server

manages encryption proxy server -

pretends to be real web server, prevents hacking replicates web content of interest to one group

Web Infrastructure Issues

When create extranet Security is primary issue

Issues with any website/intranet As hits on website grow… Or as interactiveness grows…. Issues

Load BalancingScalabilityModularity

E-Commerce Infrastructure

Thin Client

PCLoad Balancer

Web Server

File Server

DatabaseServer

Web Server

Web Server

StorageArea Net

ApplicationServer (ERP)

ApplicationServer (CRM)

Legacy Host

Firewalls

Load Balancer

Load Balancer

Load Balancer

Keys to Building A Simple Web Site

Doris ThompsonAbridged presentation given in IT 610

HTML “tags”

As mentioned earlier in class, HTML uses a set of commands called “tags”.

Each tag is encased within < and />… It is a good idea to use capital letters within

< and > for your commands. It makes it easier to read the code.

For example:

This is <BOLD> bold </BOLD> text

Would display the following:

This is bold text

HTML “tags” Cont.

There are many special tags to HTML <HTML> </HTML> signals the

beginning and the end of an HTML document. Surprised?

<B> <I> <T> represent Bold, Italic, and Typewriter.

<HR>, Horizontal Reference, gives you a line like this:

HTML “tags” – A Few More

<BR> breaks the text and begins it on the next line (like hitting “Enter” on a keyboard)

<P> stands for Paragraph and does the same exact thing as <BR>, but it skips a line before starting the

text again <H1> through <H8> are heading

commands. H1 is the largest, H8 the smallest.

HTML Text Justification

Text in HTML is automatically left-justified.

To center text, use the <CENTER> command.

Right-justification can be achieved by using <P ALIGN=“right”>. When an attribute is added to a

single tag such as <P>, then you need to end the command

with </P>.

HTML “Attributes”

Some commands have attributes (a command within a command).

<FONT SIZE=“+6”> is the largest font. “-6” is the smallest.

<FONT COLOR=“LIME”> changes the color of the letters to lime

green End either or both at the same time by just

using </font>.

HTML “tags”

Multiple commands can be used at the same time but you must be careful work inside out

Here is a correct example<BIG> <Center> <I> actual text </I> </Center> </BIG>

If you make a mistake a formatting might go on longer than you intended

HTML “tags”

You can view the source code for any web site by going to “View”, then “Source Code” at the top of your browser’s tool bar.

Just like with programs, web page builders often reuse any interesting code they find, such as graphics, text enhancements, and fancy backgrounds.

If you use Word, you don’t have to play with tags, just save as HTML

Final Steps

With PC’s, use SAVE AS, then html as the extension.

You will need space on an internet server so that people can get to it.

You upload the webpage to the server with software that uses the File Transfer Protocol WSFTP.EXE is one option You can create folders on the website to help

keep it organized Once you upload the webpage to the server, user

your browser to view it

Links in HTML

HTML is called a Hyper Language because of it’s ability to let the user jump from page to page in a non-linear fashion.

To create a link in Word, select the text, and then use the Insert Hyperlink button (Globe + link of chain)To edit link, right click, then click on Hyperlink

The Hyperlink command

The following command would make a link to the website where I found a lot of information for this project.

<A HREF=“http://www.htmlgoodies.com”> Click Here For

HTML Goodies </A> Offsite links -- go to a different server Internal links -- go to a different page on the

same server you don’t need to include the server <A HREF=“tutors/sitelinks.html”>Click Here For HTML

Goodies</A>

Placing Images on a Website

If the picture is in the same folder as the webpage, then you just need this command:

<IMG SRC="sally.gif"> If the picture is in a different folder or

a different server, then you need to include that information in the link