internship report of zala
TRANSCRIPT
Report of Market Survey on Protein supplement
For
Lincoln Pharmaceutical Ltd
Prepared By
Bhupendrasinh Zala
(Roll No. 42)
Under Guidance of
Mr. Tushar Patel
(Product Executive - Lincoln Pharmaceuticals)
Dr. Raashid Saiyed
(Professor - Stevens Business School)
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Acknowledgement
It is very great opportunity to prepare a report on market survey of soya protein
supplement. Such type of report can not be made without any guidance and motivation. I take
this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the
successful completion of this project.
I take immense pleasure in thanking Dr. Raashid Saiyed (Professor - Stevens business
school) for having permitted me to carry out this project work, for being a source of inspiration
and for his timely guidance in the conduct of my project work. He inspired me greatly to work in
this project. His willingness to motivate us contributed tremendously to my project.
Internship is like a practical training. In this we have to do practical work. Without any
experience in pharmaceutical industry, it was very difficult for me to work in this industry. We
must have some theoretical and practical knowledge. I wish to express my deep sense of
gratitude to my company Guide Mr. Tushar Patel (Product Executive - Lincoln Pharma
Ltd.) for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped me in completing the project,
work in time. I am very thankful to Gadhavisir (Lincoln Pharma Ltd.) also for his support.
Lastly, I would like to thank to all those who had helped me directly or indirectly in completing this project successfully. I am grateful for their constant support and help.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The report compiles the exploratory details of the market survey of soya protein supplement in
Ahmedabad city. To complete market analysis of Soya protein supplement five objectives were
decided which are,
Research objective:
1. Review of literature on Protein supplement
2. To find out how many brands are available in Ahmedabad district of protein supplement
3. To find out pricing of protein supplement brands in market
4. To find out which brands are more prescribed by gynecologists and why?
5. To find out any combination with soya protein is prescribed by gynecologist and why?
For market survey of soya protein supplement which is prescribed by
Gynecologists only, we have taken personal interview of chemists and Gynecologists in
Ahmedabad.
During our survey, we have analyzed that Proteinex (Walk hardt Pharma ltd) and
GRD (Zydus-Cadila Pharma ltd) are market leader in this supplement. This is most
prescribed by Gynecologists.
Sampling Design:
Sample unit: Gynecologists and Chemists
Sample Techniques: Convenience Sampling
Sample size: Chemist: 100
Gynecologists: 25
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Index
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. Particular Page No.
1 Acknowledgement 2
2 Executive summary 3
3 Introduction 4
3.1 Industry analysis 4
a. About Pharma industry in world 6
b. About Indian Pharma Industry 11
3.2 Company detail 27
4 Internship project detail 49
4.1 Title of project
4.2 Research method
4.3 Sampling design
5 Data analysis and findings 62
5.1 Chemist survey
5.2 Questionnaire
7 Conclusion 68
8 Recommendation 68
9 bibliography 69
10 Annexure 70
11 Reflective note 72
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INTRODUCTION
Pharmaceutical Industry
The main aim of pharmaceutical Industry is to develop, research and distribute drugs in order to provide health care for the people in the society. The Pharmaceutical Industry like other industries is subjected to follow certain rules and regulations.
The Pharmaceutical Industry needs to follow rules about about patent, marketing as well as testing of drugs that are scheduled to come to the market as medicines.
Since the inauguration of the Pharmaceutical Industry in the 19th century , it has covered a long way and now it has become one of the most influential and successful industry in the world with both controversy and praise on its part.
Pharmaceutical Industry is very much dependent upon the developments and discoveries that are made to search new types of drugs and also to search for new kind of medicines. One can also see differences within the industry regarding the same drug or report and different companies within the Pharmaceutical Industry look to follow different paths for the same thing.
Drug Discovery and Drug Innovation are two very aspects in the Pharmaceutical Industry:
Drug Discovery:
Drug Discovery is a process through which potential drugs are designed or discovered. It has been observed in the past that most of the drugs were invented by means of isolating the active component from remedies which are traditional in nature or through another kind of discovery known as serendipitous discovery.
Drug Development:
This process is taken forward after the discovery is done and a thing is identified as a potential drug. The development takes place immediately after that as the component is turned into a medicine. So this is also considered as a very important process and has great importance in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
Strategic Issues Facing the Industry
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The strategic issues shaping the modern pharmaceutical industry are:
Industry Consolidation: Merger activity has been intense within the industry in the last decade. Analysts believe that three firms; GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck are likely candidates to be directly involved in the next round of industry consolidation. Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca would make the best partners for GlaxoSmithKline, combining the latter's commercialization strengths with a partner's valuable portfolio and pipeline. A merger with Merck and Johnson may provide a complementary portfolio and a short-term revenue boost, but the long term consequences of such a deal would be a cause of concern if pursued due to the monopolistic consequences such a merger could have.
Science and Innovation: Over the last decade the knowledgebase of the pharmaceutical sciences has changed dramatically and continues to change at a fairly high rate. As new technologies and bodies of scientific knowledge emerge, whole new sets of opportunities and threats are being introduced. Breakthroughs in science, innovation and technology continue to create novel opportunities for new products and processes. This has increased the pace of the industry and major players must keep up with changes else become vulnerable. Over the last decade, we have seen this happen as companies that were not very effective in research and new product development were acquired.
Increased Competition: A major issue facing the industry is the intense competition and the changing face the pharmaceutical market. The industry has seen a legion of new market entrants, increased competition among key players and industry consolidation. A host of large-scale mergers and acquisitions have taken place over the last two decades. Competitive advantage within the industry is being constantly redefined and to maintain their presence, key industry players are being forced to revamp their organizational structure, overcome huge barriers in R&D, clinical trials simply to ensure continuity and maintain profitability.
Changing Consumer Profile: The profile of the pharmaceutical consumer has changed. Consumers are now better informed and there are expectations on the industry to show that their products deliver better health and greater economic value. Also, in previous decades governments were either the sole or major purchasers of pharmaceutical products but the current trend shows that healthcare costs are being constantly being shifted away from the government, which acted as the traditional social purchaser, over to health insurance companies and common individuals. The increasing price sensitivity of the common consumer and financial muscle of healthcare agencies and health insurance companies is forcing firms in the industry to cut product prices thereby reducing margins. In the future, as government shifts more healthcare costs to the end consumer, consumers will increasingly pay more for access to healthcare and medicines and this will further increase their price sensitivity.
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Ageing Populations: Due to ageing global populations there is external pressure on the industry to reduce the price and long-term dependence on pharmaceuticals. This, in addition to the market requirement for the industry to improve current new medicines and lower product costs is increases the pressure on industry to aggressively reduce it’s cost base without compromising gross spend on research and development which most firms require to maintain competitiveness.
Changing Geo-political Environment: The political environment worldwide has become a major force. Due to the socio-political consequences of healthcare and medicines, the pharmaceutical industry is facing increasing political pressure to reduce prices and control costs. In certain geo-political areas, particularly in developing economies, government are increasing pressure on pharmaceutical firms to act in the social interest and this is likely to intensify in the future. Examples are issues around AIDS in Africa. African government's policies are becoming increasingly stringent with regards to the conduct of pharmaceutical firms.
Decreasing Consumer Influence: A unique feature of the pharmaceutical market is that the final consumer has little or no say in the choice of medicines and treatments. Medical doctors, general practitioners and pharmacists usually act as agents of the final consumer and they are largely responsible for the consumer’s purchasing decisions. As a result of this pharmaceutical companies’ direct a sizeable proportion of their marketing efforts at these agents. With the advent of the internet, consumer enlightenment has the capacity to erode the influence of the medical agents as consumers have easier access to medical information and treatments.
Structural Industry Analysis (Porter’s Five Forces)
This section provides a summary positional analysis of the pharmaceutical industry using Porter’s Five Forces model (see diagram below)
• Barrier to entry: High (Pharmaceuticals). Cost of R&D and patent limitations
• Industry Competition: High. Advantages gained by first mover advantage (patents)
• Suppliers: supplier power is low
• Buyers: buyer power is low
• Substitutes: low (with patents) medium (after patent expiry)
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Pharmaceutical Industry Trends- Global Scenario
If present industry overview is taken into consideration then the global pharmaceutical market in 2010 is projected to grow 4 - 6% exceeding $825 billion. The global pharmaceutical market sales are expected to grow at a 4 - 7% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) through 2013. This industry growth is driven by stronger near-term growth in the US market and is based on the global macro economy, the changing combination of innovative and mature products apart from the rising influence of healthcare access and funding on market demand. Global pharmaceutical market value is expected to expand to $975+ billion by 2013. Different regions of the world will influence the pharmaceutical industry trends in different ways.
The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by a high level of concentration with fifteen multinational companies dominating the industry. Table 1.1 contains information about these major pharmaceutical companies that are sorted in the order of their 2004 revenues from the sales of pharmaceutical products. Numbers provided in this table include sales of all subsidiaries and affiliated companies that are consolidated in annual reports of the corresponding companies.
Market share of top 10 Pharma company in world (2009-2010)
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On the basis of the data calculated for market share of top 11 pharmaceutical companies in the world Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Glaxo Smith, Kline, Roche all four have higher in both side i.e. total revenue and net income but Aventine has lower market share for total revenue compared to total net income.
Market share of top 11 pharmaceutical companies
Rank Company Country
Total Revenues
(USDmillions)
Net income/
(loss) (USD
millions)
Employees
Market share on bases of
Total revenue
Market share on bases of
Net income
1Johnson & Johnson
United States 63,747.00 12,949.00 118,700 15.41 16.17
2 Pfizer United States 48,296.00 8,104.00 81,800 11.67 10.12
3Glaxo SmithKline
United Kingdom
44,654.00 8,438.60 99,003 10.79 10.54
4 Roche Switzerland 44,267.50 8,288.10 80,080 10.70 10.35
5Sanofi-Aventis
France 42,179.00 5,636.70 98,213 10.19 7.04
6 Novartis Switzerland 41,459.00 8,195.00 96,717 10.02 10.24
7 AstraZenecaUnited Kingdom
31,601.00 6,101.00 65,000 7.64 7.62
8Abbott Laboratories
United States 29,527.60 4,880.70 68,838 7.14 6.10
9 Merck United States 23,850.30 7,808.40 55,200 5.76 9.75
10 Wyeth United States 22,833.90 4,417.80 47,426 5.52 5.52
R&D INVESTMENT
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For leading pharmaceutical companies, investments in research and development are crucially important for survival and prosperity; not surprisingly the pharmaceutical industry is characterized by a very high level of R&D cost as percent of total revenues. Table 4 contains data regarding investments in R&D during last 4 years.
R&D costs, % of total revenues
Total revenue 2006 2006
Total revenue 2007 2007
Total revenue 2008 2008
Total revenue 2009 2009
Pfizer44,028
16.5%46,346
16.1%46,364 16.7
%48,296
14.6%
Johnson & Johnson58,137
11.1%61,197
10.9%60,560 11.2
%63,747
11.0%
Merck29,881
5.1%31,545
5.2%32,860 14.6
%34,230
17.5%Bristol-Myers Squibb
56,31511.8%
27,99512.2%
29,780 10.9%
31,36612.9%
Wyeth19,370
13.4%20,607
14.3%21,920 13.2
%22,833
14.2%
Eli Lilly17,225
19.4%18,132
19.4%19,360 18.7
%20,378
19.4%Abbott 25,083 9.7% 26,404 8.3% 28,090 8.3% 29,577 8.6%
Schering-Plough18,226
13.4%19,390
14.0%20,194 17.6
%21,482
19.4%
So far as it usually takes a long time to develop a new medicine (usually 10-15 years), and there is a high level of uncertainty whether this particular R&D project will be successful, many companies have a policy of investing in R&D an approximately stable share of company revenue.
As for the case of U.S. pharmaceutical companies I calculated profitability and liquidity ratios for non-US pharmaceutical companies (provided in Table 5 and chart). Several factors are worth mentioning.
First, both GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca that underwent large-scale merger processes showed pretty stable financial performance during the last few years that indirectly says something positive about successful completion of their restructuring initiatives. It is too early to make any conclusions regarding the results of the merger of Sanofi-Synthelabo and Aventis.
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Although the company reported -8.3% ROA in 2009 in comparison with 21.6% during the previous year this sharp decline is mainly caused by accounting treatment of transactions related to the merger: expensing total acquired R&D of Aventis (total negative effect of 5,046 million EUR), and accounting of inventories (total negative effect of 342 million EUR after tax).
Second, losses of Roche 2007 to a significant extent can be explained by the legal settlements with U.S. direct customers in the vitamin case, as well as sale of the Vitamins and Fine Chemicals Division.
Finally, Bayer showed much lower results than other companies in this group. Partially this can be explained by much lower share of the highly profitable pharmaceutical business in its total sales.
Analysis of liquidity ratios shows that on average companies that recently underwent the merger process has higher Debt-Equity Ratio than others. For example, this ratio for Sanofi-Aventis jumped from 0.35 before the merger to 0.53 at the year of the merger. Such significant increases of debt can be explained by two major factors: a) company incurred a new debt to finance the cash portion of the acquisition consideration, b) consolidated financial debt includes the debt incurred by Aventis prior to acquisition.
It is also interesting to compare European and Asian business models: Takeda, the only Asian country in this group, showed the lowest debt-equity ratio (0.25) that is much lower than average 0.48 for the whole group.
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
It has been seen that the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has improved its infrastructure, creations that are based on technologies, and various other spheres of developments which has resulted in a huge amount of production in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. Even when the Indian Pharmaceutical industry was on its way to restructure itself , it still continued to flourish at a good rate in the World Pharmaceutical Industry and also getting itself fit with the new world of Pharmaceuticals.
The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry at present produces a huge amount of drug which includes all types of medicines needed for different streams. This was made successful because of the availability of very skilled technical and scientific manpower and also because of the development done in this field of industry.
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It has been observed that the gross production of drugs in India has crossed an amount of 26, 280 million rupees. The growth rate that has been seen is more than a staggering 20 percent for formulated drugs and around 15 percent for bulk drugs.
If the export of drugs is to be seen then Indian Pharmaceutical industry has done a fair job in that field as well. A special Pharmaceutical cell has been developed which would only look after the pharmaceutical matters and another duty of the cell is to collect data which in the long run would help to increase the production level as well as improving strategies of import export in the future.
The cell also looks after the quality of the drugs and also the global needs so that companies can make that type of medicines and export them to the concerned countries.
There are some particular reasons why the production has touched new heights:
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has reached a point which not only fulfills the demand within the country but also a surplus is generated for export purpose.
The low production cost has also helped the Indian Cause. A very low R&D cost has also proved helpful. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry has scientific power which is innovative in nature and has
helped a lot. National Laboratories have also helped the cause by inventing various medicines.
Key players in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
There are several national and international pharmaceutical companies that operate in India. Most of the country's requirements for pharmaceutical products are met by these companies. Some of them are briefly described below:
• Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited: It is the biggest pharmaceutical manufacturing company in India. The company is ranked at the 8th position among the global generic pharmaceutical companies and has presence in 48 countries including world class manufacturing facilities in 10 countries and serves to customers from over 125 countries. Ranbaxy Laboratories 2009-2010 Q3 Net Profit Results showed a profit of Rs 116.6 crore as compared to Rs 394.5 crore deficit, recorded during the corresponding period last fiscal.
• Dr. Reddy's Laboratories: It is manufactures and markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals both in India and abroad. The company has 60 active pharmaceutical ingredients to manufacture
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drugs, critical care products, diagnostic kits and biotechnology products. The company has 6 FDA plants that produce active Pharma ingredients and 7 FDA inspected and ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified plants. Dr. Reddy's Q1 FY10 result shows the revenues of the company at Rs. 18,189 million which is up by 21%. During this quarter the company introduced 24 new generic products, applied for 22 new generic product registrations and filed 4 DMFs.
• Cipla: It is an Indian pharmaceutical company renowned for the manufacture of low cost anti AIDS drugs. The company's product range comprises of anthelmintics, oncology, anti-bacterials, cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, anti-ulcerants, anti-asthmatics and corticosteroids. Cipla also offers other services like quality control, engineering, project appraisal, plant supply, consulting, commissioning and know-how transfer, support. For the financial year 2008-09 the company registered an increase of 22% in sales and other income over the previous year.
• Nicholas Piramal: It is the second largest pharmaceutical healthcare company in India. The brands manufactured by the company include Gardenal, Ismo, Stemetil, Rejoint, Supradyn, Phensedyl and Haemaccel. Nicholas Piramal has entered into join ventures and alliances with several international corporations like Cheissi, Italy; IVAX Corp; UK, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Allergan Inc., USA etc.
• Glaxo Smithkline (GSK): It is a United Kingdom based pharma company; it is the world's second largest pharmaceutical company. The company's portfolio of pharma products consist of central nervous system, respiratory, oncology, vaccines, anti-infectives and gastro-intestinal/metabolic products among others. On November 2009, the FDA had announced that the H1N1 vaccine manufactured by GSK would join the list of the four vaccines approved.
• Zydus Cadila: It is also known as Cadila Healthcare is an Indian pharmaceutical company located in Gujarat. The company's 1QFY2010 results show the net sales at Rs880.3cr which is higher than the estimated Rs773cr. The net profit was Rs124.8cr which was increase of 39%; the increase was on account of higher sales and improvement in the OPM.
Market share of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies in India.
Cipla retains top slot in domestic Pharma market
Drug Company Cipla maintained its top position in the domestic market for the 12 months ended December, 2009, with a market share of 5.38 per cent — up 18 per cent over the year and ahead of Ranbaxy Laboratories and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).
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The total domestic drug market is valued at Rs 40,051.74 crore, an increase of 17 per cent over the previous year, according to data from drug sales tracking agency, ORG-IMS. The agency tracks drug sales among more than 500,000 traders in the country, through stockist data.
Cipla’s domestic market share grew 18 per cent during the year, thanks to its product basket of 924 products, which is way ahead of Ranbaxy’s 565 and GSK’s 177 products.
Ranbaxy got a market share of 4.91 per cent and GSK had a market share of 4.35 per cent, with a growth of 13.7 per cent and 18 per cent, respectively, in 2009.
During the period, Cipla had sales of Rs 2,155.29 crore in the domestic market, ahead of Ranbaxy’s Rs 1,968.24 crore and GSK’s Rs 1,743.15 crore.
Cipla had overtaken Ranbaxy and GSK India to become the largest pharmaceutical company in the domestic market for the first time in May, 2007, according to sources.
Market share of Indian Pharmaceutical companies in India.
CompanyNo of
products
Domestic turnover(Rs cr)
Market share (%)
Growth* (%)
BSE Share price on 16/08/2010 Rs.
Cipla 924 2,155.29 5.38 18 315.45
Ranbaxy 565 1,968.24 4.91 13.7 443.65
GSK 177 1,743.15 4.35 18 1,224.50
Piramal Health 750 1,644.26 4.11 22.8 476.70
Zydus Cadila 735 1,484.84 3.71 21.2 574.95
Sun Pharma 516 1,449.83 3.62 22.9 1750.15
Source: ORG-IMS data *Change in 2009 market share over 2008
Piramal Healthcare, Zydus Cadila, Sun Pharma, Alkem Laboratories, Mankind, Lupin and Aristo Pharma occupied the 4th-10th positions in ORG-IMS rankings, respectively.
Interestingly, Elder Pharma emerged as the fastest growing company in the domestic market among the top 50 players, with a year-on-year (YoY) growth rate of 28.1 per cent over the previous year. Elders’ growth in the domestic market is ahead of Mankind (27.9 per cent),
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Wanbury ( 25.2 per cent), Piramal Healthcare (22.8 per cent), Zydus Cadila (21.2 per cent), Sun Pharma (22.9 per cent), Micro Labs and Alembic (24.7 per cent).
“A focused approach on promoting flagship brands like Shelcal, which grew 22 per cent, along with Chymoral Forte (30 per cent) and Formic-O (100 per cent), and prioritising the market opportunities helped us achieve this growth,” Elder Healthcare Director Alok Saxena said.
Among brands, Pfizer’s cough syrup, Corex, regained its position as the largest drug brand in the country with sales of close to Rs 182 crore.
DPCO
The Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO), 1995 is an order issued by the Government of India under Section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to regulate the prices of drugs. The Order inter alia provides the list of price controlled drugs, procedures for fixation of prices of drugs, method of implementation of prices fixed by Government and penalties for contravention of provisions among other things.
For the purpose of implementing provisions of DPCO, powers of the Government have been vested in the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA). Drugs are essential for health of the society. Drugs have been declared as essential and accordingly put under the Essential Commodities Act. Only 74 out of 500 commonly used bulk drugs are kept under statutory price control.
All formulations containing these bulk drugs either in a single or combination form fall under the price control category. However, the prices of other drugs can be regulated, if warranted in public interest.
DPCO Formula: -
Calculation of retail price of formulation: The retail price of a formulation shall be calculated by the Government in accordance with the following formula namely:
Where,
"R.P." means retail price;
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R.P. = (M.C. + C.C. + P.M. + P.C.) x (1 + MAPE/100) + ED.
"M.C." means material cost and includes the cost of drugs and other pharmaceutical aids used including overages, if any, plus process loss thereon specified as a norm from time to time by notification in the Official Gazette in this behalf;
"C.C." means conversion cost worked out in accordance with established procedures of costing and shall be fixed as a norm every year by notification in the Official Gazette in this behalf;
"P.M." means cost of the packing material used in the packing of concerned formulation, including process loss, and shall be fixed as a norm every year by, notification in the Official Gazette in this behalf;
"P.C." means packing charges worked out in accordance with established procedures of costing and shall be fixed as a norm every year by notification in the Official Gazette in this behalf;
“MAPE" (Maximum Allowable Post-manufacturing Expenses) means all costs incurred by a manufacturer from the stage of ex-factory cost to retailing and includes trade margin and margin for the manufacturer and it shall not exceed one hundred per cent for indigenously manufactured Scheduled formulations;
“E.D." means excise duty: Provided that in the case of an imported formulation, the landed cost shall form the basis
for fixing its price along with such margin to cover selling and distribution expenses including interest and importer's profit which shall not exceed fifty percent of the landed cost.
The pharmaceutical sector is a major user of the patent system.
While only a small - and declining - number of new chemical entities are approved annually, thousands of patents are applied for to protect variants of existing products, processes of manufacture or, where admitted, second indications of known pharmaceutical products. Since patents confer exclusive rights regarding the production, sale and use of the patented subject matter, they can be used to restrain competition and set prices higher than those that would have existed if competitive products were available. This is the very purpose of the patent system, which is generally justified as necessary to encourage investments to develop new products and processes.1
Given the substantial effects that patents can have on competition and, hence, prices of medicines, the criteria that are applied to examine and grant pharmaceutical patents are extremely relevant for public health policies, and not only a matter of concern for patent and industrial policy. Policy makers in the health area, as well as patent examiners should be aware that decisions relating to the grant of a patent (which is generally presumed valid until proven to
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the contrary) can directly affect the health and lives of the people of the country where the patent is granted and enforced.
What is a Patent?
A patent is a property right granted by a sovereign state to the inventor of a novel, nonobvious and useful invention. Because the invention must be novel (meaning that it has not been previously disclosed anywhere in the world) and because it cannot be obvious to one ordinarily skilled in the art, the grant of the property right cannot interfere with the public’s access to what already exists.2
The owner of a patent has the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling his or her invention for a period of 20 years from the filing of the patent application. An invention is any new or useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter. An improvement on any of these items also can be an invention. Patent rights are territorial in nature and exist only in the national jurisdictions in which the patentee has applied for and received recognition of his property rights.
Although most countries in the world apply an absolute novelty requirement (that is, disclosure in any form anywhere in the world before the filing date will prevent the granting of a patent) some countries maintain a double standard of novelty depending on whether the disclosure of the invention has taken place within or outside their territory. In practice, the concept of novelty is narrowly construed by some patent offices, requiring an almost ‘photographic’ disclosure of the invention in a single prior document in order to consider that novelty does not exist. For experienced patent applicants, overcoming novelty barriers may be just a matter of clever design of patent applications.
Whether a claimed invention meets the tests of novelty and non-obviousness is determined by comparing it to the body of previously disclosed information in the same field. This information is usually called “prior art.” The most commonly used prior art consists of published patents that have already been issued or published by the world’s patent offices.
Defining ‘non-obviousness/inventive step’ is one of the most critical aspects of a patent regime, as it determines the level of technical contribution required to obtain a patent and the corresponding limitation on competition. Patent examiners need to consider not only what is disclosed in the prior art but also what a person skilled in the art (such as a person trained and experienced in pharmaceutical formulation) could consider obvious in the light of such prior art.
The best policy from the perspective of public health would seem to be the application of a strict standard of inventiveness so as to promote genuine innovations and prevent unwarranted limitations to competition and access to existing drugs.3 This implies that the ‘person skilled in the art’ should be deemed to have some specialized knowledge and not simply somebody with very general or ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field. A person skilled in the art is not just an expert in his technical field but a person who should have some degree of imagination
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and intuition. He should not only rely on the documents found in the novelty search, but apply his experience and his knowledge. Such an examiner should be particularly strict when examining the inventive step. Finally, inventions must be susceptible of industrial applicability, since the aim of patent law is to protect technical solutions to a given problem, not abstract knowledge. Patent claims should contain, as a minimum, a technically viable solution and not merely an unresolved problem or a speculative or intended result.4
Another important element in the assessment of patent applications or grants is the disclosure of the invention. In accordance with Article 29.1 of the TRIPS Agreement,5 members shall require that an applicant for a patent shall disclose the invention in a manner sufficiently clear and complete for the invention to be carried out by a person skilled in the art and may require the applicant to indicate the best mode for carrying out the invention known to the inventor at the filing date or, where priority is claimed, at the priority date of the application.
Lack of sufficient disclosure may be a reason for refusal of an application or invalidation of a patent.6 This requirement has particular importance in the chemical and pharmaceutical fields to enable the reproduction of the invention during the patent term (for instance, in the case of a compulsory license) or after patent’s expiry. A special consideration should be given to cases in which a large number (sometimes millions) of compounds belonging to a group characterized by common elements is claimed.
The benefit of granting an inventor the exclusive property right of a patent for the limited period of 20 years is that he or she is given a powerful incentive to create. The inventor is assured that investors will be given the incentive to commit the financial resources necessary to support the inventor’s research and to develop it to the point where it can be manufactured and made available to the market.
Patents are exclusive property rights in intangible creations of the human mind. They exist only as provided in the laws of sovereign states, and can be enforced only to the extent that application has been made and a patent granted covering the territory of an individual state. Patent rights are limited in duration, with the global standard being 20 years from the date of application. The new product, article of manufacture or process described in the patent application must be something that has never been previously disclosed anywhere in the world and something that would not be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the field involved. Determinations of whether these requirements have been met are made by comparing the claims of the patent applicant against the body of published literature in the field, including previously issued patents. This process is called examination, and it assures that no one is able to claim patent rights on anything that already is into existence.
Patents work differently in different industries. However, in the pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnology industries the patent normally equals the product, and protects the extensive investment in research and clinical testing required before placing it on the market. 6
Patent protection for chemical and pharmaceutical products is especially important compared with other industries because the actual manufacturing process is often easy to replicate and can be copied with a fraction of the investment of that required for the research and clinical testing.
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The extensive cost required to produce a new pharmaceutical product has meant that private sector investment in pharmaceutical innovation has been disproportionately directed to products meeting the needs of patients in developed countries, particularly in the United States, which combines strong patent protection with a market free of price controls.
Until the TRIPS Agreement in 1994 many developing countries provided no patent protection for pharmaceutical products. And, while countries that have joined the WTO have obligated themselves to provide such protection, least developed countries are not required to meet this obligation until 2016. The continuing lack of patent protection for pharmaceutical products makes it very difficult to establish research-based industries in most developing countries. Most medical research in these countries takes place in the public sector. The lack of any means of patenting these inventions and the related lack of experience in licensing them to the private sector, suppresses the development of commercial enterprises focused on alleviating the disease burdens common to developing countries.
Whatever patent strategy is employed by the inventor, the aim is always the same – to maximize the profit accruing to the inventor and those who have supplied him or her with the capital necessary to develop and commercialize the invention. For a patent to have any commercial value there must be a market for the invention embodied in the patent, which will support the cost of development of the invention and return a profit.
The market exclusivity and higher prices are made possible by the patent rights function as a reward for the risk undertaken by those who financed the research and development leading to the new technologies.
The Global Institutions Responsible for Administering the Patent System8
National Patent Offices
Every country with a patent system has a national patent office where claims of inventors may be made a matter of public record. As mentioned above, in many countries there is an examination before an inventor is given any substantive rights. In other countries patent claims are registered but detailed examination is delayed until a dispute over infringement arises. However, even in these countries a search of the prior art is often conducted as a part of the registration process, and the search results are published so that members of the public can assess the claims made by the registrant.
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Headquartered in Geneva WIPO is the specialized United Nations Agency that serves as the secretariat for administration of most of the global intellectual property treaties. It is the principal forum for negotiation of new patent treaties and the leading provider of technical assistance to developing countries in the field of intellectual property rights. WIPO was created in 1967 as the successor organization to the International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual
19
Property, which had been in existence since the 19th Century. WIPO Currently has 179 member states.
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
The World Trade Organization was established in 1994 in Marrakech following the successful conclusion of the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations. The predecessor to the WTO was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). A key reform of the Uruguay Round was the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, known as TRIPS, codified as an annex to the treaty establishing the WTO. It is important to recognize that the TRIPS Agreement was intended to create a more equitable system of international trade. Wealthy countries agreed to reduce barriers to imports of price competitive imports from abroad while developing countries agreed to open their markets to the high value added exports of the developed nations. These high value added exports disproportionately consist of technology in which much of the value is intangible and must be protected by strong intellectual property regimes to be effectively exploited. Pharmaceutical products constitute one of the most important categories of high technology products.
Among the major requirements of the TRIPS agreement are the following:
•WTO Member States must provide a level of rights equal to those provided in the major global intellectual property treaties administered by WIPO, including the Paris Convention on Industrial Property.
•WTO member states may not discriminate among technologies in providing patent protection, meaning that exceptions to patent protection in many countries for pharmaceutical products must be eliminated.
•WTO member states must provide patent protection for at least 20 years from the date of filing a patent application
•WTO Member States must provide effective judicial enforcement of intellectual property rights.
•A TRIPS Council was created to coordinate WTO policy in the area of intellectual property rights and to manage the resolution of disputes among states on implementation of TRIPS obligations.
20
Special Problems of Pharmaceutical Patents
The pharmaceutical industry is one of three technology-based industries in which the patent virtually equals the product. The others are the chemical industry (including agricultural chemicals) and the biotechnology industry, whose innovations span the spectrum from engineered plant varieties to human pharmaceutical therapies. These three industries are much different than other patenting industries. Most importantly, unlike industries which produce products requiring expensive and complex manufacturing infrastructures, the patented products of pharmaceutical companies can be easily and cheaply replicated by copiers with little capital investment. Since capital investment in the pharmaceutical industry disproportionately is directed to laboratory research and clinical trials rather than the manufacture of the final product, patent exclusivity is the only effective way to protect and receive a return on that investment.
The pharmaceutical industry has an important characteristic that sets it apart from other industries that rely on patent protection. In many technology-based industries it is possible to keep inventions a secret until the moment they are marketed. This enables inventors to delay patent filings until the last possible moment and, therefore, to maximize the effect of the 20 year patent term which runs from filing of the patent application. The culture of medical research, however, emphasizes very early disclosure of inventions, usually long before a resulting product can be placed on the market. This is because scientists working in the field of human pathology have an obligation to share their findings as soon as possible with their peers so that those peers will be able to benefit from the new knowledge in their own research. And, unlike industries such as computers and software, the pharmaceutical industry is heavily regulated by government agencies to assure the safety and efficacy of products which will be sold to consumers. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration performs this function. Much of the investment in new drugs is in the clinical trials which are necessary to satisfy safety and efficacy regulators. The tolerance for a “buyer beware” philosophy in the pharmaceutical industry is extremely low compared to other industries.
The lengthy time period between patent filing and placing a product on the market means that pharmaceutical manufacturers receive far shorter periods of patent exclusivity than is the case for other patent dependent industries. This problem has been addressed in legislation in the United States and elsewhere which permits a patent applicant to apply for extensions of patent term to compensate for the inability to market inventions due to safety and efficacy regulation. However, the time periods permitted for such extensions do not equal the time lost in ability to market. In the United States patents can be extended only for half the time period consumed by the regulatory approval process, and for a maximum effective patent term of fourteen years.2
Further, the legislation restricts the exclusive right of use which normally accompanies the patent grant by permitting generic competitors to use the product for testing and developing the generic
21
alternative while the patent is still in effect. This permits a generic product to be marketed virtually the moment the patent expires.
While the contribution of the patent-based pharmaceutical business to job creation and the economy is impressive, the inventions of pharmaceutical researchers have a dimension difficult to quantify in economic terms – their impact in extending life and alleviating human suffering. In 2001 the pharmaceutical industry pipeline contained 402 new cancer medicines, 123 new treatments for heart disease and stroke, 83 new AIDS treatments and 176 new medicines for neurological diseases. These statistics are particularly sobering in light of the current debate over whether patents covering HIV drugs should be respected. None of the new drugs in the pipeline, much less the 74 medicines that already have caused deaths from AIDS to plummet in the United States, would have come into existence without the patent incentive and the prospect of a return on investment provided by that incentive.
This is not to dismiss the fact that many patients in the world cannot pay for these drugs and do not have access to them. However, this is not the result of the patent system. It is the result of lack of a source of funding for the purchase of drugs for those currently too poor to buy them themselves.
Effective use of the patent system in the 20th Century gave rise to commercial enterprises that advanced the progress of medical science beyond anything known in prior history. While public funding of the training of scientists and basic research vastly expanded the understanding of human pathology as the century progressed, it was the profit incentive operating through pharmaceutical companies accountable to investor shareholders, which provided desperately needed new therapies to patients. By the decade of the 1980s patent dependent pharmaceutical companies developed more than 92% of all new drugs.
Patent claims relating to Pharmaceutical inventions
A patent claim relating to a pharmaceutical product may relate to an active ingredient as such independently of or jointly with formulations, salts, prodrugs, isomers, etc., or cover any of these subject matters separately. It may also solely cover a manufacturing process or include both a process and a product. In some countries, as noted below, use-related claims are admissible. The following sections include some considerations for the evaluation of different types of claims that are typical in this area.
In undertaking such evaluation it will be important to bear in mind that while the development of new molecules of pharmaceutical use may encompass various levels of inventive steps, pharmaceutical techniques for the preparation of medicines in different forms and dosages are generally well known and part of the pool of knowledge in possession of a ‘person skilled in the art’. Hence, there is a narrow range of developments that could be considered genuinely inventive in this field in view of the state of the art.
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Formulations and compositions
The same active ingredient may be presented in different dosage forms, for instance, as tablets, capsules, ointment or aqueous solutions for parenteral administration, which in turn can be formulated using different pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.7
A large number of patents claim formulations of new or existing drugs, often including specifications of dose or concentration, either as the principal claim or in subordination to claims over the active ingredients or their uses. ‘Composition claims’ cover active ingredients and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, such as fillers, binders, disintegrants and lubricants.
Patents granted solely on the basis of formulation or composition claims do not protect the active ingredients as such, and different formulations or compositions comprising the same ingredients may - if they are in the public domain - be commercialized by competing companies. However, such patents may be used to discourage competition through ‘strategic’litigation, that is, by alleging infringement and requesting provisional injunctions that block commercialization until a final decision is made.
Formulation or composition claims are deemed acceptable by some patent offices, under certain conditions. This is, for instance, the case of the United Kingdom. Known substances may be protected by product claims to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, if the composition is in a form which is novel and inventive over any known products. In particular, a claim may be made to a medicament having a form of administration which is novel and distinct from the previous use. For example, an anti-eczema ointment containing X would be regarded as clearly distinct from a tablet containing X for controlling blood pressure. The ointment is new because X has never been formulated in this form before, and it would be inventive if the previous use of X would not suggest its use in topical form.
In some cases, a particular claimed formulation is associated with certain effects, such as controlled release in blood of a drug. Achieving such effects is generally part of the ordinary skill of a person knowledgeable in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, unless there are exceptional circumstances, such as the use in a product of a new excipient that produces a truly unexpected or surprising effect, for instance, a noticeable reduction in side effects or an extraordinary improvement in drug release, such as a sub-dermal device that will release insulin for a long period.
In India, the patent office has considered that the Patent Act denies claims to compositions obtained by mere admixture resulting in the aggregation of the properties of the components therefrom. Thus, a novel pharmaceutical composition with a single active ingredient
23
(known or novel) with an inert carrier is not patentable in India as there is no synergy between the components viz. the active compound and the inert carrier. The existence of synergy, however, should not be considered per se as demonstrating inventive step, if the composition is obvious to a person skilled in the art.
As a general rule, formulation techniques and the range of compounds that may be used for developing pharmaceutically viable products in different forms are well known to a person skilled in the art. For instance, it is not inventive to use particular stabilizing agents (such as pH regulators) or some compounds to improve bio-availability, as these are well known. In some cases, certain salts are preferred for the preparation of particular formulations, such as tablets, while other salts may be preferred for the formulation of liquid pharmaceutical preparations. In most cases, it is likely that the claimed inventions in this field lack inventive step.
Similarly, claims relating to pharmacokinetic parameters, micronisation of a known product or particles distribution within a given diameter or weight should not generally be deemed admissible. As mentioned above, the existence or not of inventive step is not to be determined exclusively on the basis of documentation in the prior art, but taking into account the average knowledge of a person trained and experienced in pharmaceutical formulation.
Finally, it should be noted that processes to prepare formulations or compositions are generally well known and routinely applied. Hence, claims over such processes would rarely be inventive. Likewise, simple experiments/trials are not sufficient to support patentability.
Patent protection for Pharmaceutical products
Patent protection is crucial to the innovative pharmaceutical industry. Innovative companies require the guaranteed period of market exclusivity afforded by patents in order to sustain drug prices, recoup research and development (R&D) expenditures and finance the development of new products.11
Like other inventions, medicines are entitled to patent protection if they meet certain requirements. Unlike other products, however, medicines are required to undergo a strict regimen of tests and evaluations to determine their safety and efficacy before they can be sold commercially. The testing process is rigorous and time-consuming, involving animal and clinical trials of each prospective new drug. Much of the testing takes place after a patent for a drug has been applied for and results in significant lag between the invention of the drug and its sale to the public. Meeting government-imposed regulatory requirements consumes part of the period of patent protection, so that this is shorter for the pharmaceutical sector than for other industries.
Innovative companies have responded to this disadvantage by lobbying vigorously for measures to strengthen the patent system and for changes to the regulatory process that would decrease the time involved in obtaining marketing approval for a drug.
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Regulatory Framework
The Indian pharmaceutical industry has a multi-level hierarchical regulatory institutional framework.
Two ministries of the Government of India play a major role in regulating the pharmaceutical sector in the country. Each of these ministries deals with different aspects of regulations and works independently.
These are:
1. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW)
2. Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (MoC&F)
25
Responsibility
26
Company details
Profile
Today, Lincoln Pharmaceutical Ltd. is a Public Limited Company with a large
shareholder base including members of the medical fraternity. It has its own manufacturing
facilities, covering all the major dosage forms, like Tablets, Capsules, Injectables, Syrups,
Ointments, etc. Its present manufacturing activities are located near Ahmedabad. The plant
spreads across 30,000 sq. mtrs. With beautiful landscaping surrounding it. There are three
different buildings for Tablets, Capsules and Injectables and also a separate building for Quality
Control. An ultramodern laboratory with state of the art equipments ensures in-house quality
assurance of each of the products.The products are designed for all therapeutic segments with a
special emphasis on Gynecological and Orthopedic specialties.
Manufacturing facilities at Lincoln Pharmaceuticals are in accordance with WHO-GMP
standards. Also, Lincoln Pharmaceutical Ltd. is accredited with GMP and ISO 9002 certification.
Lincoln Pharmaceuticals is amongst the top world class quality oriented pharmaceutical
producers, manufacturing and marketing various therapeutic molecules under WHO-GMP
27
guidelines.
Lincoln Pharmaceuticals Limited has pledged to serve the Health care segments, by
providing Quality Pharmaceuticals at affordable prices.
Mission:Through perfect and persistent strategies, Lincoln Pharmaceuticals wishes to translate into reality
its mission
1. To extend a helping hand to the medical fraternity in their noble cause of treating the masses
at an affordable cost.
2. To make “Healthcare for All” a reality through humble contribution of world class yet
affordable pharma products.
Vision: To stimulate a globalized effort to find cures of diseases through concentrated
Research and Development, by strategic alliance both in India and Abroad.
Board of Directors:
The Lincoln team comprises dedicated professionals at various levels.
Mr. Kishor M. Shah (Chairman)
Based at Nairobi, he takes care of the sales and distribution network in African countries. He also
manages international liaison Joint Ventures and helps in enhancing the global presence and
positioning.
Mr. Mahendra G. Patel (B.A, LLB)
Chairman and Managing Director of the company, he has a varied experience with chemicals,
steel, finance etc.. He handles corporate planning strategies, policies, corporate finance etc.
Mr. Rajani G. Patel (B. Pharma)
He is the Joint Managing Director and a young entrepreneur in setting up this company. He has
28
25 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry and looks after the manufacturing and
marketing.
Mr. Hasmukh I. Patel (B.Sc.)
He is a full time Director, managing the entire gamut of domestic marketing as well as the entire
sales distribution system of the company.
Mr. Arvind G. Patel (B.E.)
A Director, looking after the export business of the company
Certification:
WHO GMP (LPL)
WHO GMP (LPPL)
R&D unit
ISO-9002
EXPORT HOUSE
Group of Companies:
Lincoln Parenterals Pvt. Ltd.
The company manufactures parenterals and also undertaking contract manufacturing for other
companies including Lincoln Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Karnavati Distributors Pvt. Ltd.
29
The company is distributing goods to all India distributors; also involved in marketing efforts on
behalf of Company.
Down Town Travels
The firm is engaged in tours and travels business. We are organizing conducted tours for Gujarat
and other parts of India and we have arrangement of sophisticated vehicles for traveling 3
persons to 50 persons. We have more than 50 vehicles for our travel purpose. Provides efficient
and cost effective services.
www.downtowntravels.com
Shelavi Paper Mills
This company has a paper manufacturing unit where very good quality craft papers and all range
of papers are manufactured.
Key Members
FINANCE
MR. K P SOMPURA
MARKETING
Mr. AMIT DWIVEDI
PURCHASE
MR. ANAND PATEL
QUALITY CONTROL
MR. A. C SHAH
PLANT
MR. MAHESH PATEL
R&D
30
Chairman(Mr. Kishor M. Shah)
Chairman and M.D.(Mr. Mahendra G. Patel)
(B.A LLB)
Joint M.D.(Mr. Rajani G. Patel)
(B.Pharma)
Fulltime Director(Mr. Hasmukh I. Patel)
(B.Pharma)
Director (Export Business)(Mr. Arvind G. Patel)
(B.E.)
DEPARTMENTS
Mr. K.P.Sompura (Finance)
Mr. Amit Dwivedi (Marketing)
Mr. Anand Patel (Purchase)
Mr. Dhaval Shah (IT)
I T
MR. DHAVAL GANDHI
H R D
MR. SACHIN KAPOOR
EXPORT
MR. VIJAY JAVIYA
REGULATORY AFFAIRS
Mrs. LALITA DAVE
Organization chart
31
Location of the Plant:
The Plant is situated 20 kms away from the Ahmedabad railway station and from the
Ahmedabad Airport. The distance between the Corporate Office and the Plant is approximately
20 kms.
Address:
Lincoln Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Trimul Estate,
After Vadsar Village,
Nr.Khatraj Chokdi
Taluka:Kalol
Dist:Gandhinagar
Phone:+91-2764-2-81339,81341,81010,81340
Email : [email protected]
Tablet & Capsule Section
· Newly built-up facility with installed
capacity of 100 crores of tablets per
annum / per single shift
· No B-Lactum, Hormone and Cancer
Departments.
32
· Facilities to manufacture Sustained
Release Formulation.
· Three exclusive granulation shops:
a) Dry Granulation
b) Wet Granulation
c) Colored Granulation
· Unidirectional flow of men and
material
33
· Six compression cubicles with
separate Air Handling Units.
· Centralized Air condition System to
maintain 40 RH and 22-Degree
Temperature in granulation,
compression, blending and packing
cubicles areas.
· Flame proof motors in granulation and
coating sections.
· All Non-Air Condition area fully
ventilated with 5 micron filed air.
· Coating facility including 48" – 150
kg NEOCOATER.
· Central Dust extraction system
provided with pick up at all powder
generating point.
· Flame proof motors in granulation and
coating sections.
· Water System: DM water having
circulating loop to maintain 80-Degree
Celsius temperature. D.M. Storage tank
of SS316.
· Own Deep Bore well for water.
· D G Set of 250 KWT.
· Stores are fully computerized.
Potential section
• Sterile Liquid Injection Ampoules &
Vials with capacity of
80,000 Ampoule per shift
25,000 Vials per shift (2ml to 50ml
Vial)
• Sterile Area having pressure gradient:
15 Pascal in manufacturing and passage
25 Pascal in wash and sterile
40 Pascal in filling area
• Multi column 80 per hour
• Three Manufacturing rooms and Three
separate filling areas.
• Sterile Dry Power B-Lactum 40,000
Vials per shift with Separate Entry &
AHU
• Washing under HEPA filter.
• Sterilization by Double Door Dryer.
• Autoclave by Double Door Dryer.
• Poly Urethane coated jointless
Flooring.
• Blister Packing of Ampoule and Vial.
• Shrink Package of finished products.
34
Liquid & Ointment Section
• 4 Head filling, sealing and labeling
line having 100 bottles per minute
capacity (40,000 Bottles per shift) total
2 lines.
• Manufacturing capacity of 3000 litres
per day.
• Total area is ventilated with 5-micron
air and filling areas are under
temperature control.
• Ointment manufacturing and packing:
20,000 Tubes per shift (15 gm)
Manufacturing
There are two separate manufacturing facilities for betalactum and non-betalactgurm
production.The Khatraj Plant produces only non betalactum tablets, capsules, liquid &
drypowder, injectables, syrups.
The plant has WHO-GMP Certification and ISO-9002 Certification and all the products
can match any international standards or requirements.
All the facilities conform to international standards and the company also aims to satisfy the
international requirements of TGA, MCA, MCC.
Apart from the manufacturing facilities, the factory building has other utility premises,
Godowns, Administrative Building and an ultramodern and hi-tech R & D Centre.
Sophisticated machinery at the manufacturing plants and the quality systems are in place with
ultramodern equipments.
The installed capacity of our plants is:
Category Installed Capacity/Annum
35
Tablets 3000 millions
Capsules 750 millions
Injectables 100 millions
Syrups 1.8 million litres
Ointments 9 million tubes
Products
Domestic
ALKYLISERS ANALGESIC
ANTI
ASTHMATICANTI BACTERIALS
ANTI
HELMINTHIC
S & ANTI
INFESTIVES
ANTI PROTIZOALS &
ANTI AMOEBICS
ANTI
PSYCHOTICSANTI TUBERCULARS
ANTI
ULCERANTSANTIALLERGICS
ANTIDIABETI
CANTIDIARRHOEALS
ANTIFUNGA
LANTIMALARIAL
ANTIMETICS
&
ANTINAUSE
ANTS
ANTITUSSIVES/
EXPECTORANTS &
MUCOLYTICS
36
BONE
DISORDERS
& MISC.
CARDIOVASCULAR
DRUGS
ELECTROLY
TESFERTILITY AGENTS
GYNAEC &
OBST.HAEMOSTATS
IRON
PREPARATIO
NS
LUXATIVES
SEDATIVES
&
TRANQUILIZ
ER
TONICS & VITAMINS
TOPICAL
STEROIDS
Products
International
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is growing fast as far as export market is concerned, During last
five years, there is a tremendous growth in the pharmaceutical industry. Lincoln Pharmaceuticals
Limited has made successful achievement in overseas network for its formulations.
Lincoln Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has obtained drug registration for about 100 of its pharmaceuticals
formulations in more than 10 African as well as in other countries too.
Kenya Tanzania Zimbabwe
R.D. Congo
(Zaire)Uganda Nigeria
37
Sri LankaUnited
KingdomZambia
Republic of
YemenGhana Ethiopia
Mauritius Thailand
View Our International Products
Our future planning is to expand business in following areas. We invite the interested parties
from following countries who can represent our company and can explore business.
Carribean Islands
Central America
Latin America
Our plant facilities is certified by WHO GMP authorities as well as by ISO 9002. We
manufacture neutral label products for International Pharma Marketing companies. We invite
companies for contract manufacturing to produce their products at our plant. Please note our
residential representative in USA.
Amar A. Patel (Executive Marketing)
Lincoln International
1018, Florida Grove Road,
Keasbey, NJ – 08832 USA.
International Product List
ANTI MALARIALS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 AMODIAQUINE 200 mg MARATAB
10 X 10's & 1000's & 25 X
3's
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2 ARTESUNATE 100 mg ARH-100 Tab 10 X 10's
3 α - β ARTEETHER 150mg/ml ARH Inj 3 X 2 ml
4 α - β ARTEETHER 75mg/ml ARH JUNIOR Inj 3 X 1 ml
5 ARTEMETHER 80mg/ml ARH-A Inj 6 X 1 ml
6 CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATE 250 mg LINCOQUINE Tab10 X
10's & 1000's
7 CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATE 40 mg / ml LINCOQUINE Inj2x50X3
0 ml Vials
8 CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATE 80 mg / 5 ml LINCOQUINE Suspension 60 ml
9 QUININE SULPHATE 300 mg LINQUINE-F Tab10 X
10's & 1000's
10 QUININE DI-HYDROCHLORIDE 300mg/ml LINQUINE-F Inj
10X10X2 ml Amps
in Blister
11 SULPHADOXINE 500 mg + PYRIMITHAMINE 25 mg L-KELFIN Tab
50 X 3's & 10 x
10's & 1000's
12 DIHYDROARTEMISININ 60 mg Tab ABAXIN Tab 1 x 8's
ANTIBIOTICS & ANTI-BACTARIALS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing1 AMIKACIN 250mg/2ml EMICA-250 Inj 2 ml Amp2 AMIKACIN 500mg/2ml EMICA-500 Inj 2 ml Amp
3 AMOXYCILLIN 250 mg ALLMOX-250 Cap 10 x 10's & 1000's
4 AMOXYCILLIN 500 mg ALLMOX-500 Cap 10 x 10's & 1000's
5 AMOXYCILLIN TRIHYDRATE 125 mg/5ml ALLMOX-125 Dry Syrup 60 ml6 AMOXYCILLIN TRIHYDRATE 250 mg/5ml ALLMOX-250 Dry Syrup 60 .ml7 AMOXYCILLIN 250 mg + CLOXACILLIN 250 mg KLOMOX Cap 10X10's
8AMOXICILLIN 250mg + CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM 125mg (375 mg)
ALLMOX-C 375 Tab 3 X 10's
9AMOXICILLIN 500mg + CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM 125mg (625 mg)
ALLMOX-C 625 Tab 3 X 10's
10AMOXYCILLIN 500mg + CLAVULANIC ACID 100mg (600mg)
ALLMOX-C 600 Inj 1 VIAL
11AMOXYCILLIN 1000mg + CLAVULANIC ACID 200mg (1.2 gm)
ALLMOX-C 1.2 Inj 1 VIAL
39
12AMOXYCILLIN 125mg + CLAVULANIC ACID 31.25mg /5ml (Powder for oral Suspension)
ALLMOX-C Suspension 100ml
13 AMPICILLIN 250 mg ALLCILLIN-250 Cap 10X10's14 AMPICILLIN 500 mg ALLCILLIN-500 Cap 10X10's15 AMPICILLIN TRIHYDRATE B.P.125 mg ALLCILLIN-125 Dry Syrup 100 ml16 AMPICILLIN TRIHYDRATE B.P.250 mg ALLCILLIN-250 Dry Syrup 100 ml17 AMPICILLIN 250 mg + CLOXACILLIN 250 mg ALLCLOX Cap 10X10's18 BENZATHINE PENICILLIN 2.4 MEGA PENIZEN-2.4 Inj 1 VIAL19 CEFADROXIL 125mg / 5 ml SAFEDROX-125 Dry Syrup 60 ml20 CEFADROXIL 250mg / 5 ml SAFEDROX-250 Dry Syrup 60 ml21 CEPHALEXIN 250 mg ALLSAFE-250 Cap 10X10's22 CEPHALEXIN 125mg/5ml ALLSAFE-125 Dry Syrup 60 ml23 CEPHALEXIN 250mg/5ml ALLSAFE-250 Dry Syrup 60 ml
24 CEFOTAXIME SODIUM 250 mg CEFLIN-250 Inj 7.5 ml Vial
25 CEFOTAXIME SODIUM 500 mg CEFLIN-500 Inj 7.5 ml Vial
26 CEFOTAXIME SODIUM 1000 mg CEFLIN-1000 Inj 10 ml Vial27 CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM 1000 mg TRIXON-1000 Inj 10 ml Vial28 CEPHALEXIN 500 mg ALLSAFE-500 Cap 10X10's29 CEPHEXIM 200mg CEPHEXIM-200 Cap 1 X 6's30 CEPHEXIM 400mg CEPHEXIM-400 Cap 1 X 6's31 CHLORAMPHENICOL 250mg ALLPHENICOL CAP 1000's
32CHLORAMPHENICOL 125 mg / 5 ml (Powder for oral suspension)
ALLPHENICOL Suspension 100 ml
33 CHLORAMPHENICOL SOD. SUCC. 1 GM ALLPHENICOL Inj 100 Vials34 CIPROFLOXACIN 250 mg CEEPRO-250 Tab 10 X 10's35 CIPROFLOXACIN 500 mg CEEPRO-500 Tab 10 X 10's36 CIPROFLOXACIN 500 mg + TINIDAZOLE 600 mg CEEPRO-TZ Tab 10 X 10's37 CLOXACILLIN 250 mg CLOXACILLIN Cap 10X10's38 CLOXACILLIN SUSPENSION 125mg/5ml CLOXACILLIN Suspension 100 ml
39 DOXYCYCLINE 100 mg ALLDOX Cap 10 x 10's & 1000's
40 ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE 250 mg ALLMYCIN-S-250 Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
41 ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE 500 mg ALLMYCIN-S-500 Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
42ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE 125 mg / 5ml (Powder for oral Suspension)
ALLMYCIN-125 Suspension 100 ml
43ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE 250 mg / 5ml (Powder for oral Suspension)
ALLMYCIN-250 Suspension 100 ml
44 FORTIFIED PROCAINE PENCILLIN 4 mega PROCAINE PENCILLIN Inj VIAL
45 GENTAMYCIN SULPHATE 80mg/2ml L-GENTA-80 Inj 10X10X2 ml Amps in Blister
46 METRONIDAZOLE 200 mg DYGYL-200 Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
47 METRONIDAZOLE 400 mg DYGYL-400 Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
48 METRONIDAZOLE 500 mg DYGYL-500 Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
40
49 NALIDIXIC ACID 500 mg NALIDIXIC ACID Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
50 NORFLOXACIN 400 mg URONOR Tab 10X10's
51 NORFLOXACIN 400 mg + TINIDAZOLE 600 mg URONOR -TZ Tab 10 X 1 X 10's
52 OFLOXACIN 100 mg TOFLOX-100 Tab 10X10's53 OFLOXACIN 200 mg TOFLOX-200 Tab 10X10's54 OFLOXACIN 400 mg TOFLOX-400 Tab 10X10's55 OFLOXACIN 50 mg + METRONIDAZOLE 100mg/5ml MEOFLOX Suspension 100 ml56 ROXITHROMYCIN 150 mg ROXILIN-150 Tab 10 X 10's
57SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE 200mg+ TRIMETHOPRIM 40mg / 5 ml
SULPHATRIM Suspension 100 ml
58SULPHAMETHOXAZOLE 400mg + TRIMETHOPRIM 80 mg
SULPHATRIM Tab 10 x 10's & 1000's
59 TETRACYCLINE 250 mg TETROUS-250 Cap 10 x 10's
ANTI-EMETICS / GASTROINTESTINAL AGENT
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 CYPROHEPTADINE 4 mg ABITOL Tab 10 X 10 X 10's
2 DOMPERIDONE 1 mg / 5 ml DOMI Suspension 30 ml3 PROMETHAZINE 10 mg PHENARZINE-10 Tab 10X10's4 PROMETHAZINE 25 mg PHENARZINE-25 Tab 10X10's
5 PROMETHAZINE 25mg/ml PHENARZINE Inj 10X10X2 ml Amps
6 METOCLOPRAMIDE 5mg/ml PERILIN Inj 10 x 10 x 2 ml
CREAM / OINTMENT / ANTI INFECTIVES (EXTERNAL)
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1
BECLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE 0.025 % W/W + CLOTRIMAZOLE 1 % W/W + NEOMYCINE SULPHATE 0.5 % W/W + CREAM BASE Q.S.
LINCOSONE Cream 10 gm
2
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE 0.643 mg+ GENTAMICIN 1mg + TOLNAFTATE 10mg + CLIOQUINOL 10mg + CHLOROCRESOL 1 mg
BECODERM Cream 15 gm
41
3BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE 0.05 % W/W
??? 15 gm
4 BETAMETHASONE VALERATE 0.1% BET Ointment 15 gm5 BETAMETHASONE VALERATE 0.1% BET Cream 15 m
6BETAMETHASONE 0.05% W/W + NEOMYCINE 0.5 W/W
BET-N Cream 15 gm
7
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE 0.61 mg + GENTAMYCIN SULPHATE 1mg + TOLONAFLATE 10 mg + CHINOFORM 10 mg
LINCODERM Cream 15gm
8 CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE 0.05% DERMOLIN Cream 15 gm
9CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE 0.05% W/W + MICONAZOLE NITRATE 2.0%W/W + GENTAMYCIN 0.1%
DERMOLIN GM 10 gm
10 GENTAMICIN 0.1% W/W L-GENTA Ointment 20 gm11 GENTAMICIN 0.1% W/W L-GENTA Cream 20 gm12 POVIDONE IODINE 5 % W/W SOLUDINE Ointment 30 gm
13POVIDONE IODINE 10% TOPICAL SOLUTION
SOLUDINE 10% Solution 1 LTR
14POVIDONE IODINE 5% + METRONIDAZOLE 1%
SOLUDINE M Ointment 10 gm, 20 gm, 125 gm
15SILVER SULPHADIAZINE 1 % W/W + CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 0.2 % W/W
SILVO Cream 30 gm, 250 gm
16 TETRACYCLINE 3% TETRACYCLINE Skin
Ointment 15 gm
17 TETRACYCLINE 1% TETRACYCLINE Eye Ointment 3.50 gm
EYE & EAR DROPS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE 0.1% w/v
BET Eye Drop 10 ml
2BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE 0.1% + NEOMYCIN SULPHATE 0.5% w/v
BET-N Eye Drop 10 ml
3 CHLORAMPHENICOL 0.5% w/v ALLPHENICOL e/e Drop 10 ml 4 CIPROFLOXACIN 0.3%w/v CEEPRO e/e Drop 10 ml5 DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM 0.1% w/v DEEXA Eye Drop 10 ml
6DEXAMETHASONE SOD.0.1%w/v + NEOMYCIN SULPHATE 0.5% w/v
DEEXA-N Eye Drop 10 ml
7 GENTAMICIN 0.3%w/v L-GENTA e/e Drop 10 ml8 HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE 1% w/v H-CORT Eye Drop 10 ml
ANTI DIABETICS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 GLIBENCLAMIDE 5 mg DIOLIN Tab 10X10's2 METFORMIN 500 mg M-FORLIN-500 Tab 10 X 10's
42
3 METFORMIN 850 mg M-FORLIN-850 Tab 10 X 10's
ANTI COLD / ANTI ALLERGIC / ANTI-ASTHMATICS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing1 AMINOPHYLLINE 100 mg AMINOPHYLLINE Tab 1000's2 CETRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 10 mg SATRIN Tab 10X10's3 CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE 4 mg CHLORPHENIRAMINE Tab 1000's
4PARACETAMOL 500 mg + CAFFEIN ANHYDROUS 30 mg + DEXAMETHASONE 15 mg + PHENYLEPHRINE HCL 25 mg
MARSHAL PAIN Tab 5X20's
5PARACETAMOL 500 mg + DEXTROMETHORPHEN 15mg + CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE 2mg + PHENYLEPHRINE 10mg
FLUCOMOL Cap (ANTICOLD)
10X1X10's
6 SALBUTAMOL 2 mg ASTHAMOL-2 Tab 1000's7 SALBUTAMOL 4 mg ASTHAMOL-4 Tab 1000's8 SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE 1mg + AMBROXOL 15mg SALPHYLLIN Syrup 100 ml
9AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 138mg + DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 14mg + SODIUM CITRATE 57mg
ABACOFF Cough Syrup 100 ml
10AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE 15mg + TERBUTALINE SULPHATE 1.25mg + GUAIPHENESIN 50mg + L-MENTHOL 2.5 mg
KOFSIL Syrup 100 ml
11
BROMEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE 4mg + DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE 5mg + AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 50mg + CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE 2mg /5ml
DAWAKOF 100 ml
12CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE 2.2mg + AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 110 mg + SODIUM CITRATE 40 mg + MENTHOL 1.1 mg
KOFFGO Cough Expectorant 100 ml
13 XYLOMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.05%w/v NAM COLD Nasal Drop 10 ml14 XYLOMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE 0.1%w/v NAM COLD Nasal Drop 10 ml
ANTHELMINTICS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 ALBENDAZOLE 200 mg ANTHEL-200 Tab 25 X 1's
2 ALBENDAZOLE 400 mg ANTHEL-400 Tab 25 X 1's
3 ALBENDAZOLE SUSP 200mg/5ml ANTHEL Suspension 10 ml
4 MEBENDAZOLE 100 mg L-WORM 100 Tab 10 X 10's
5 MEBENDAZOLE 500 mg L-WORM 500 Tab 10 X 10's
6 MEBENDAZOLE 100mg/5ml L-WORM Suspension 30 ml
43
ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 ETHAMBUTOL 400 mg LINCAMBUTOL-400 Tab 10X10's2 ETHAMBUTOL HCL 800 mg LINCAMBUTOL-800 Tab 10X10's3 PYRAZINAMIDE 500 mg PYRAZINAMIDE 500 mg Tab 10X10's4 RIFAMPICIN 150 mg RIFALIN-150 Cap 10 x 10's5 RIFAMPICIN 300 mg RIFALIN-300 Cap 10 x 10's
6RIFAMPICIN 300 mg + ISONIAZIDE 150 mg
RIFALIN-H Tab 10 X 10's
7RIFAMPICIN 120mg + ISONIAZIDE 50mg + PYRAZINAMIDE 300mg + VITAMIN-B6 10 mg
RIFAZID Tab 10 X 10's
ANTACIDS / ANTI-ULCER
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 CIMETIDINE 200 mg CIMETIDINE Tab 10 X 10's
2MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE 250 mg + DRIED ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE GEL 120 mg
ACEASE Tab 1000's
3 OMEPRAZOLE 20 mg OMLINK-20 mg 10 X 1 X 10's
4 RANITIDINE 150 mg RANILINK-150 Tab 10X10's5 RANITIDINE 300 mg RANILINK-300 Tab 10X10's
ANTI-FUNGAL
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 CLOTRIMAZOLE 100 mg V.Tab VAGINAX-100 Tab 1 x 6 Tab
2 CLOTRIMAZOLE 1% W/W CLOTRILIN Cream 20 gm
3 CLOTRIMAZOLE 2 % W/W (For Vaginal Use)CLOTRILIN-V Cream with
Applicator 15 gm
4 CLOTRIMAZOLE 1% w/w CLOTRILIN Mouth Paint 15 ml5 FLUCONAZOLE 150 mg FLUCAN-150 Cap 10 X 1's6 FLUCONAZOLE 200 mg FLUCAN-200 Tab 10 X 1's7 GRISEOFULVIN 500 mg DERMOFULVIN FORTE Tab 10X10's
44
8 GRISEOFULVIN 125 mg DERMOFULVIN-125 Tab10 X
10's & 1000's
9 KETOCONAZOLE 200 mg KONAZOL Tab 10 X 10's
10 KETOCONAZOLE 200 MG KONAZOL Cream 15 gm 11 MICONAZOLE NITRATE 2% W/W MICOLIN Cream 15 gm 12 MICONAZOLE OROMUCOSAL GEL 2% W/W MICORA Oral Gel 15 gm
13MICONAZOLE NITRATE 2% W/W + FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE 0.01% W/W
MICOLIN-F Cream 15 gm
14 NYSTATIN 100,000 IU (FOR VAGINAL USE) NEOVAG Tab with applicator 1 X 14's15 NYSTATIN 100,000 IU (FOR ORAL USE) NYSTATIN 100,000 IU Tab 100's
16NYSTATIN 500,000 IU (FOR ORAL USE), SUGAR COATED TAB
NYSTATIN 500,000 IU Tab 100's
17 NYSTATIN 100000 I.U. / ml NYSTATIN Oral Suspension 30 ml18 NYSTATIN 100,000 IU / gm NEOVAG Ointment 30 gm
ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES / CARDIAC / DIURETIC
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
1 AMLODIPINE BESILATE 5 mg AMLIN-5 Tab 10 X 10's
2 AMLODIPINE BESILATE 10 mg AMLIN-10 Tab 10 X 10's
3 ATENOLOL 50 mg ANOL-50 Tab 10 X 10's
4 ATENOLOL 100 mg ANOL-100 Tab 10 X 10's
5 CAPTOPRIL 25 mg CAPRIL-25 Tab 10 X 10's
6 CAPTOPRIL 50 mg CAPRIL-50 Tab 10 X 10's
7 FRUSEMIDE 40 mg DIASIX Tab10 X
10's & 1000's
8 NIFEDIPINE SUSTAINED RELEASED 10 mg NEPIN-SR-10 Tab 10 X 10's
9 NIFEDIPINE SUSTAINED RELEASED 20 mg NEPIN-SR-20 Tab 10X 10's
ANALGESICS / ANTI-INFLAMMATORY / ANTI-PYRETICS
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing
45
1 DICLOFENAC SODIUM 25 mg VIVIAN-25 Tab 10X10's2 DICLOFENAC SODIUM 50 mg VIVIAN-50 Tab 10X10's3 DICLOFENAC SODIUM 100 mg VIVIAN-SR Tab 10X10's
4DICLOFENAC 50 mg + PARACETAMOL 500 mg
VIVIAN PLUS Tab 10X10's
5
DICLOFENAC DIETHYLAMINE 1.16% W/W + LINSEED OIL 3.00% W/W + METHYL SALICYLATE 10.00% W/W + MENTHOL 5.00% W/W
VIVIAN Gel 30 gm
6
DICLOFENAC DIETHYLAMINE 1.16% W/W + LINSEED OIL 3.00% W/W + METHYL SALICYLATE 10.00% W/W + MENTHOL 5.00% W/W
VIVIAN ROLL-ON 40 gm
7 DICLOFENAC SODIUM 75mg/3ml VIVIAN Inj 10X10X3 ml Amps in Tray
8 DIPYRONE B.P. 500 mg PYRALGIN Inj 100 x 2 ml Amp9 DIPYRONE B.P. 500 mg PYRALGIN Inj 100 x 5 ml Amp
10DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE 4mg/ml
DEEXA Inj 10X10X2 ml Amps in Blister
11HYDROCORTISONE SODIUM SUCCINATE 100 mg
HYDROCORTISONE Inj 7.5 ml Vial
12 IBUPROFEN 200 mg IBUN-200 Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's13 IBUPROFEN 400 mg IBUN-400 Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
14IBUPROFEN 400 mg + PARACETAMOL 500 mg
IBUN Tab 10 x 10's
15 MEFENAMIC ACID 500 mg MEFLIN-500 Tab 10 X 10's16 MEFENAMIC ACID 50mg/5ml MEFLIN Suspension 100 ml17 MELOXICAM 7.5 mg MELO-7.5 Tab 2 X 10's18 MELOXICAM 15 mg MELO-15 Tab 2 X 10's19 NIMESULIDE 100 mg NAM Tab 2 X 10's
20NIMESULIDE 100 mg + PARACETAMOL 500 mg
PAINAM Tab 2 X 10's
21 PARACETAMOL 500 mg DOLOMOL Tab 10X10's & 1000's22 PARACETAMOL 125 mg/5ml DOLOMOL Syrup 60 ml23 PREDNISOLONE 5 mg PREDNI Tab 1000's24 PIROXICAM 20 mg OXICAM-20 Cap 10 x 10's25 TRAMADOL 50 mg STROM-50 Tab 2X10's
ANTI-PSYCHOTIC / ANTI-CONVULSANT / ANTI-DEPRESSANT
Sr. Generic Name Brand Name Packing1 AMITRIPTYLINE 25 mg AMITRYP-25 Tab 1000's
2 CARBAMAZEPINE 200 mg MAJEROL Tab 10 X 10's & 1000's
3 CHLORPROMAZINE 25 mg PROMATIL-25 Tab 10 X 10's
46
4 CHLORPROMAZINE 50 mg PROMATIL-50 Tab 10 X 10's5 CHLORPROMAZINE 100 mg PROMATIL-100 Tab 10 X 10's6 PHENYTOIN 50 mg ALTOIN Tab 10X10's7 PHENYTOIN 100 mg ALTOIN-100 Tab 10X10's
ANNUAL REPORT
The operating results of the Company for the year ended on 31st March, 2006 are briefly indicated below: (Rs. In Lacs)
Particulars 2004-05 2005-06
Profit Before Depreciation and Taxation 382.75 255.75
Less : Depreciation 51.94 49.57
Less : Provision for Taxation - Current / F.B.T 100.00 55.73
Less / Add : Provision for Taxation – Deferred (14.33) (2.49)
Profit after Taxation 245.14 152.94
Add: Balance brought forward 268.82 252.03
Less : Income tax Written off of earlier year 0.00 17.15
Less /Add : Short deferred tax provision of earlier year (14.29) 5.73
Profit available for Appropriation 528.25 382.09
APPROPRIATION
(1)Proposed Dividend 91.33 91.33
(2)Dividend tax 12.81 11.94
47
(3)General Reserve 15.00 10.00
Net Balance carried to Balance sheet 409.11 268.82
ANNUAL REPORT
The operating results of the Company for the year ended on 31st March, 2006 are briefly indicated below: (Rs. In Lacs)
Particulars 2007-08 2008-09
Profit Before Depreciation and Taxation 752.59 722.69
Less: Depreciation 86.27 70.67
Less: Provision for Taxation - Current/F.B.T. 165.00 180.00
Less/Add: Provision for Taxation-Deferred 70.44 5.76
Profit after Taxation 430.88 466.26
Add: Balance brought forward 910.76 577.98
Less: Income tax Written off of earlier year 0.00 0.00
Less/Add : Short defer tax provision of earlier year 4.53 1.63
Profit available for Appropriation 1346.17 1042.61
APPROPRIATION
1. Proposed Dividend 91.33 91.33
2. Dividend Tax 15.52 15.52
48
3. General Reserve 25.00 25.00
Net balance carried to Balance Sheet 1214.32 910.76
Research & Development
Right from inception, Lincoln puts a major thrust on developing innovative and technology
based products aiming at optimizing the use of drugs for better therapeutic purposes.
The R & D center is equipped with sophisticated instruments and equipments for in-house
physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of all products.
A dedicated group of technocrats mans the R&D center. New product development, Quality
improvement in existing products, process development and validation are undertaken here.
The ceaseless efforts to develop products by using Optimized Drug Delivery – ensures greater
potency & effectiveness, lesser side-effort & toxicity levels, better stability, low cost hence
greater accessibility , ease of administration and best patient compliance.
Increased patient’s awareness & cutthroat competition amongst the manufacturers induces the
company to develop & introduce excellence and novelty in its products.
Lincoln’s R&D is keeping pace with the changing pharmaceutical technology. As a result of
focused research, Lincoln has filed patent for NAMSAFE – a hepato-protective combination of
49
Nimesulide with Recemethionine and a product patent for the protective combination of
nimsulide with racemethionine and several more patent applications are in the pipeline.
In the true sense Lincoln’s R&D is committed to developing technology-based products with
competitive prices for the patients.
Internship details
Research objective:
1. Review of literature on Protein supplement
2. To find out how many brands are available in Ahmedabad district of protein supplement
3. To find out pricing of protein supplement brands in market
4. To find out which brands are more prescribed by gynecologists and why?
5. To find out any combination with soya protein is prescribed by gynecologist and why?
Research Method:
Data Required Data Source Data collection tool
1. Review of literature on Protein
supplement
Internet Internet
2. To know how many brands are
available in Ahmedabad of protein
supplement and their prices?
3. Top 5 brands of protein supplement
Chemists Questionnaire
50
in Ahmedabad district
4. To find out which brands are more
prescribed by gynecologists and why?
gynecologists Questionnaire
1. Review of Literature on Protein Supplement
What is soy protein?
Soy protein has been used since 1959 as ingredients for its functional properties in a variety of
foods such as salad dressings, soups, vegetarian foods and meat imitations. Its functional
properties are emulsification and texturizing. Recently the popularity of soy protein is increasing,
mainly because of its health benefits. It has been proven that soy protein can help to prevent heart
problems and many countries allow health claims for food, which are rich in soy protein.
In the US a soy protein health claim is allowed under the following conditions:
One serving must contain at least 6.25 grams of soy protein.
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One serving may contain max 3 grams of fat, unless the product consists of or is derived
from whole soy and contains no fat in addition to the fat inherently present in the whole
soy. Of these 3 grams of fat max 1 gram may be saturated fat, representing max 15% of
the total calories.
The serving must contain less than 20 milligrams of cholesterol.
The food must be low in sodium: less than 480 milligrams for an individual food, less than 720
milligrams for a main dish and less than 960 milligrams for a meal product.
Categories of soy proteins
Soy proteins can be divided into different categories according to their production method:
Soy protein isolate is the most refined form of soy protein and is mainly used in meat
products to improve texture and eating quality. Soy protein isolate contains about 90
percent protein.
Soy protein concentrate is basically soybean without the water soluble carbohydrates. It
contains about 70 percent of protein.
Textured soy protein , often called TSP, is made from soy protein concentrate by giving it
some texture. TSP is available as dry flakes or chunks. It will keep its structure when
hydrated. Hydrated textured soy protein chunks have a texture similar to ground beef. It
can be used as a meat replacement or can be added to meat. Textured soy protein contains
about 70 percent protein.
Benefits of Soy Protein
Soy protein is very healthy: it is very low in fat, contains no cholesterol and contains
phytochemicals. The main phytochemicals in soy protein are isoflavones, saponins and phytc
acid. These phytochemicals are strong antioxidants but have many other properties. Soy protein
and its associated phytochemicals seem to reduce heart disease, osteoporosis and risk of cancer.
Soy Protein and Heart Disease
Soy protein reduces the cholesterol and help to reduce the risk of heart disease. The most
52
important scientific study about the relationship of soy protein intake and heart disease is
the meta-study by Anderson et al (Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on
serum lipids. N Engl J Med 1995;333:276-282). They concluded that the consumption of
soy protein rather than animal protein significantly decreased serum concentrations of total
cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides without significantly affecting serum HDL
cholesterol concentrations.
Anthony MS et al found that isoflavones in soy protein improve cardiovascular disease
risk factors without apparent deleterious effects on the reproductive system of peripubertal
rhesus monkeys (Soybean isoflavones improve cardiovascular risk factors without
affecting the reproductive system of peripubertal rhesus monkeys.
Erdman, J.W et all recommend in their study (Soy protein and cardiovascular disease: A
statement for healthcare professionals from the nutrition committee of the AHA.
Circulation 2000;102(20):2555-9) that including soy protein in a diet low in saturated fat
and cholesterol promotes heart health. They found that the daily consumption of more than
25 g soy protein, with its associated isoflavones, could improve lipid profiles in
hypercholesterolemic humans. They also found that soy protein without the isoflavones
appears to be less effective in preventing heart disease. Taking isoflavones supplements
without soy protein does not lower cholesterol but may provide other cardiovascular
benefits.
Soy Protein and Osteoporosis
Research suggests that consuming soy protein and the replacement of animal protein with
plant protein may protect against osteoporosis. Although Japanese women consume less
calcium than most Western women do they have a lower prevalence of fractures. This
could be explained by the soy protein consumption of Japanese women. Alekel, D.L. et al
found that soy isoflavones attenuated bone loss from the lumbar spine in perimenopausal
women.
Soy Protein and Abdominal Body Fat
Soy protein contains calories, about 4 kcal per g, but does its consumption increase our
body fat? Of course, if you add extra soy protein to your diet you may expect weight
53
increase, but how does soy protein compare with for example dairy protein. One study
investigated the effect of a daily supplementation of soy protein or dairy protein on body
fat of postmenopausal women [1]. The researchers found that the group who consumed
soy protein lost abdominal fat (-12 ml), whereas the group who had the soy protein
replaced with dairy protein (casein) showed an increase in abdominal fat (+39 ml). Other
parameters, such as total body fat, insulin secretion and lean mass did not differ between
the groups. This study concluded that a daily supplementation of soy protein prevents the
increase in subcutaneous and abdominal fat, observed with an isocaloric casein placebo in
postmenopausal women.
Soy Protein and Cancer Risk
Epidemiological studies suggest that soy protein may reduce the risk of certain cancers,
including breast cancer and prostate cancer. Japanese women, who eat a lot of soy protein
(mainly from soy tofu and miso), have a much lower risk of breast cancer or prostate
cancer than Western people. The anti-cancer effect of soy protein could be explained by
the phytochemicals, which are associated with the soy protein. These phytochemicals
include the isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein), phytic acid and saponins.
Isoflavones and phytic acid have strong antioxidant properties and can prevent oxidative
damage by free radical to our DNA and cells. Shu X.O. et all suggest that high soy intake
during adolescence may reduce the risk of breast cancer in later life (Soyfood Intake
during Adolescence and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer among Chinese Women.
Cancer Epid Biomarkers Prev. 10: 483-488). The inverse association between soy protein
intake and reduces risk of breast cancer was observed for each group of soyfoods
examined.
Soy Protein Concentrate
Soy protein concentrate is made by removing a portion of the carbohydrates (sugars) from
54
dehulled and defatted soybeans. There are different soy protein production methods. The
most frequent method used is alcohol extraction although this method results in most loss
of the soy isoflavones. However, when the water extraction method is used to remove the
sugars, there is a good retention of the isoflavones in the final product. Soy protein
concentrate retains most of the fiber of the original soybean. Soy protein concentrate is
widely used as functional or nutritional ingredient in a wide variety of food products,
mainly in baked foods, breakfast cereals and in some meat products. Soy protein
concentrate is used in meat and poultry products to increase water and fat retention, and to
improve nutritional values (more protein, less fat).
Soy protein concentrate should contain at least 65% protein on a moisture free basis. The
protein can have different solubility characteristics, depending on the extraction method.
Some applications, such as drinks, require a highly soluble protein. The soy protein
concentrate made with the alcohol wash will have low solubility.
Soy protein concentrate can be found in different forms: granules, flour and spray dried.
Soy protein concentrate is very digestible and therefore suited for children, pregnant and
lactating women and elderly. It is in pet foods and milk replacers for calves and pigs. Soy
protein concentrate is even used for some non-food applications.
Textured Soy Protein
Textured soy protein, often called TSP, is used by the food industry in many foods products,
mainly foods that resemble meat products such as beef, pork or chicken. Textured soy protein is
also available in health stores. It is granular in texture and once rehydrated it has the texture of
minced beef. Textured soy protein is also available in larger pieces that take on the consistency of
stew meat after rehydration or as ready to eat soy jerky.
Production of Textured Soy Protein
Textured soy protein is made from defatted soy flour that is compressed and processed into
granules or chunks. During this process, the structure of the soy proteins changes in fibres. Most
textured soy protein is produced from defatted soy flour, soy flakes or soy concentrates with an
55
extrusion process. This extrusion technology can form a fibrous matrix which is almost similar
than that of meat.
Use of Textured Soy Protein
Textured soy protein has a shelflife of more than a year when stored dry at room temperature.
After rehydration, it should be used at once or stored for a max 3 days in the refrigerator. To use
textured soy protein read the instruction on the packages. Normally it says to rehydrate the protein
in cold or hot water and to let it rehydrate for a few minutes. When you add a bit of vinegar or
lemon juice the textured soy protein rehydrates quicklier. Textured soy protein can replace,
completely or partly, ground beef in most recipes.
Nutritional values
Textured soy protein is rich in protein and extremely low in fat and sodium. Textured soy protein
shall contain at least 35% protein on a moisture free bases. It is also a good source of fiber and
isoflavones
Soy Protein Isolate
Soy protein isolate is the soy protein with the highest content of protein. It
is made from defatted soy meal by removing most of the fats and carbohydrates, yielding a
product with 90 percent protein. Therefore, soy protein isolate has a very neutral flavour
compared to other soy products. Because most of the carbohydrates are removed, the intake of soy
protein isolate does not cause flatulence. Pure soy protein isolate is difficult to find in stores and is
mainly used by the food industry and less by consumers. Maybe you can find it in health stores or
56
in the pharmacy section of the supermarket. It is mainly found combined with other food
ingredients; for example, soy protein shake powder is a mixture of soy protein isolate with
flavours, minerals and vitamins
Industrial use of soy protein isolate
Soy protein isolate is used in the food industry for nutritional (increasing protein content),
sensorial (better mouthfeel, bland flavour) and functional reasons (for applications requiring
emulsification, water and fat absorption and adhesive properties).
Soy protein isolate is used in following food products:
snacks
meal replacements
breakfast cereals
energy and protein bars
weight loss ready-to-drink beverages
soups, sauces and prepared foods
baked foods
ice cream, yogurt and other dairy or dairy-free products
meat alternatives
processed meat, poultry and fish products
Use of soy protein isolate by consumers
You can use soy protein isolate in different ways. It can be added to your favourite juice, it can be
added to milk shakes or smoothies, or it can be sprinkled on cereal to boost the protein content.
Homemade soy yogurt, which is often too watery, can be made thicker by adding some soy
protein isolate. The thickness of yogurt is the result of the coagulation of proteins in an acid
environment.
Nutritional and health benefits of soy protein isolate
Soy protein isolate is a complete vegetable protein. It contains all essential amino acids for growth
and it is equal in quality to the protein in meat, milk and eggs. On the other hand, it has a very low
57
fat content. Soy protein isolate may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. There are also
indications that soy protein can help in the prevention of osteoporosis, some cancers and
menopausal symptoms. However, soy protein isolate may have less health benefits than whole
soybeans or soy protein concentrates. During the production of soy protein isolate the protein is
washed with alcohol, removing most of the isoflavones. The isoflavones have many health
benefits such as improving arterial vasodilatation, lowering cholesterol and inhibiting
atherosclerosis.
History
1. Until recently, soy was known by Americans only as health food or as part of the diet of
strict vegetarians. While soy has been a staple in Asia for centuries, Americans didn't warm up
to it until just a few decades ago.
The three most common varieties of soy are tofu, edamame and tempeh. Tofu, which is
soybean curd, can be bought by the block and is served in dishes such as stir-fry, salads,
shakes and side dishes . There are many kinds of tofu, and mastering the preparation and
cooking of tofu can be tricky.
Edamame, immature soybeans that are picked early and served green, is probably the most
mainstream type of soy. These beans are perfect on salads and in side dishes, adding color,
flavor and protein.
Tempeh, which has a yeasty flavor, has a meatier texture than that of tofu because it is a
mixture of partly cooked soybeans and enzymes, similar to cheese. Tempeh is often mixed
with grains.
Other common varieties of soy are soy milk and soy flour.
Protein Powder Basics
2. There are many different kinds of protein powders; the four basic types are whey protein, egg
protein, soy protein and rice protein. Protein powders may be a mixture of these proteins or
they could be made of just one.
Of these, soy protein is the most complete protein, but whey protein is the most common
58
protein powder. It's derived from milk and helps muscles recover after workouts, which makes
it ideal for bodybuilders and athletes.
Egg protein is derived from egg white and is fat-free. It's the standard by which all other
protein powders are measured because of its characteristics. It contains all essential amino
acids as well as glutamic acid and branched-chain amino acids, making it a perfect source of
protein. However, it lacks many of the nutritional benefits that others, such as soy, offer.
Rice protein comes from a certain part of brown rice and is suitable for vegans and people
with allergies.
Benefits of Soy Proteins
3. Soy protein comes from soy flour and has two types: soy protein isolate and soy protein
concentrate. Because soy protein is the most complete form of protein powder available, it is
ideal for vegetarians and those who need to add protein to their diet. Soy protein powder can
be substituted for milk and meat and is a good source of protein for those who are lactose
intolerant or don't eat meat. While it is easily digestible, it does not mix well in drinks or
shakes, so it will require more mixing or shaking than dairy-based proteins.
The most obvious benefit of soy protein powder is that it adds protein to the diet. However,
soy protein also has been proven to reduce the risk for heart disease, and it helps lower
cholesterol.
Soy protein powders also contain many antioxidants. The soy isoflavones in soy protein
powder can slow the growth of cancer- and tumor-causing cells, so the risk of such cancers as
breast and prostrate can be lowered.
Finally, soy protein powder is beneficial to menopausal women because it helps prevent
osteoporosis and build strong bones. It can even lessen the symptoms of menopause.
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Disadvantages of Soy Protein
The taste of soy protein can be very "beany," but it can be covered up by other flavors in a shake
or protein drink.
Also, some people notice an increase in gas when they consume large amounts of soy protein,
especially if they are sensitive to soy sugars.
Proteins are very important molecules in our cells. They are involved in virtually all cell
functions. Each protein within the body has a specific function. Some proteins are involved in
structural support, while others are involved in bodily movement, or in defense against germs.
Proteins vary in structure as well as function. They are constructed from a set of 20 amino acids
and have distinct three-dimensional shapes. Below is a list of several types of proteins and their
functions.
Protein Functions
Antibodies - are specialized proteins involved in defending the body from antigens (foreign
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invaders). One way antibodies destroy antigens is by immobilizing them so that they can be
destroyed by white blood cells.
Contractile Proteins - are responsible for movement. Examples include actin and myosin. These
proteins are involved in muscle contraction and movement.
Enzymes - are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions. They are often referred to as catalysts
because they speed up chemical reactions. Examples include the enzymes lactase and pepsin.
Lactase breaks down the sugar lactose found in milk. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that works in
the stomach to break down proteins in food.
Hormonal Proteins - are messenger proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities.
Examples include insulin, oxytocin, and somatotropin. Insulin regulates glucose metabolism by
controlling the blood-sugar concentration. Oxytocin stimulates contractions in females during
childbirth. Somatotropin is a growth hormone that stimulates protein production in muscle cells.
Structural Proteins - are fibrous and stringy and provide support. Examples include keratin,
collagen, and elastin. Keratins strengthen protective coverings such as hair, quills, feathers, horns,
and beaks. Collagens and elastin provide support for connective tissues such as tendons and
ligaments.
Storage Proteins - store amino acids. Examples include ovalbumin and casein. Ovalbumin is
found in egg whites and casein is a milk-based protein.
Transport Proteins - are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another
around the body. Examples include hemoglobin and cytochromes. Hemoglobin transports oxygen
through the blood. Cytochromes operate in the electron transport chain as electron carrier
proteins.
Different types of protein:
Intact Protein Isolates are normally about 90% pure protein. Generally, they have properties that
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are very similar to protein concentrates with the exception that they are inherently more pure. In
other words, protein isolates are better manufactured, more expensive protein sources.
Whey is by far the best selling form of protein in the marketplace today. Whey is one of the two
ingredients that is separated from milk (casein is the other). Now, before going any further
remember that a protein like whey can either be a concentrate (about 80% protein) or an isolate
(about 90% protein). So 20 grams of whey concentrate will yield about 16 grams of pure protein
while 20 grams of whey isolate will yield a more respectable 18 grams of protein. Whey has
become the best selling protein product in the marketplace. Certainly it is a decent choice for
protein gourmets, however, it lacks many of the highly desirable properties that soy protein
possesses, especially for women.
Soy is an ingredient that comes from the soybean. First, soy is extremely rich in the muscle
critical five amino acid cluster (the 3 branched chain aminos, glutamine and arginine) that will
help to develop lean tissue. In fact, nearly 35% of soy protein is made up of these aminos as
compared to 18% in whey protein or 16% in beef. Second, soy protein can be a key to increasing
health as it is extremely rich in phytoestrogens and isoflavones. Third, soy is highly digestable
and scores a perfect 1.0 in scienceís best, current protein quality standard test known as the
Protein Digestability Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS).
Casein: The real knock against casein is that natural casein sources tend to contain moderate to
high levels of the milk sugar lactose. Although this isnít necessarily a terrible thing, many people
are lactose intolerant or suffer from digestive irregularities if they eat products containing too
much lactose. Again, casein is not a bad choice for protein but is not nearly as good for women as
is soy. Casein was the “other” component produced from milk in the cheese making process. In
fact, casein is really just cottage cheese with a higher amount of the milk sugar lactose and the
mineral calcium.
Egg Protein: decades egg was judged to be the single most superior source of protein. For use as
a powdered protein supplement, compared to other sources such as soy, casein or whey, eggs
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isolates taste terrible, are absurdly expensive and donít offer the functional body shaping value
that the other products possess.
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2. Available brands and their prices in the market:
Chemist Survey for Soya Protein Brands
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Sr. No.
Company Brand Name Powder Strength Pack MRP (Rs.)
Scheme(If Any)
1 Wockhardt Protinex - - 200gm 180 -2 Zydus GRD - - 200gm 169 -3 Allembic Protinules - - 200gm 139 -4 British Biotech B-Protein - - 200gm 169 -5 Wockhardt Mama Protein - - 200gm 172 -6 Win Medicare Nusowin - - 200gm 280 -7 Win Medicare Soya Power - - 400gm 280 -8 Ranbaxy Revitalite - - 200gm 490 -9 Alkem Alprovite - - 200gm 155 -10 Wockhardt Nusobisoya - - 400gm 214 -11 Modi Mundi Soyagroth - - 200gm 280 -12 Wockhardt Nusobisoya - - 400gm 214 -13 Abbott Healthcare Isomil - - 400gm 290 -14 FDC Prosoyal - - 400gm 165 -15 Raptakos Brett Zerolac - - 200gm 106 -16 Raptakos Brett Lactodex - - 400gm 210 -17 Wockhardt Dexolac
Premium- - 500gm 269 -
18 Raptakos Brett Threptin - - 100gm 193 -19 Dakshin Lab Heamogran - - 200gm 120 -20 Abbott Healthcare Pediasure - - 400gm 396 -21 Welkinwalker Hillo - - 200gm 101 -22 Wockhardt Protinex - - 400gm 295 -23 British Biotech Pulmocare - - 200gm 159 -24 British Biotech Pro-PL - - 200gm 165 -25 Abbott Healthcare Ensure - - 400gm 398 -26 Abbott Healthcare Ensure Gold - - 400gm 415 -27 Wockhardt Chocomix - - 200gm 135 -28 Zydus Nutriva GRD Bix - - 250gm 169 -29 Zydus Cadila Cadpro - - 200gm 165 -30 Lincoln Protosol - - -
3. Top 10 brands of protein supplement in Ahmedabad district:
Market Leading Brands in Protein supplement
According to my chemist survey, I have found that these all brands are leading brands.
Sr. No. Company Name Brand Name Chemists
1 Wockhardt Proteinex 99
2 Zydus GRD 96
3 Allembic Protinules 92
4 British Biotech B-Protein 90
5 Raptakos Brett Lactodex 80
6 Win Medicare Nusowin 68
7 Wockhardt Mama Protein 63
8 Lincoln Protosol 52
9 Abbott Isomil 47
10 Ranbaxy Revitalite 39
Interpretation: In this table, I have written all leading brands respectively. I have shown the chemist strength also. For example, 99 chemists have Proteinex brand. 96 chemists have GRD brand. According to my survey, Proteinex brand (Wockhardt) is a leading brand in the market. Most of the chemist have this brand. And then GRD brand (Zydus cadila) and Protinules brand (Allembic) are also leading brands in protein supplement in the market. We can say that Protosol brand (Lincoln) is also well known brand in protein supplement in the market.
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4. To find out which brands are more prescribed by gynecologists and why?
Data analysis questionnaire
(1) Do you prefer Protein powder for supplement?
Sr. No.
Option Samples Response in %
1 Yes 25 100%
2 No 0 0%
Interpretation: We can see in the table that all gynecologists prefer Protein powder for supplement. Protein Powder contents more nutrition and it is most palatable.
(2) If yes then, which Protein Powder do you prefer?
Sr. No. Protein Powder Samples Response in %
1 Soya Protein 10 40%
2 Milk Protein 12 48%
3 Whey Protein 0 0%
4 Combination 3 12%
Interpretation: According to response, we can say that soya protein and milk protein powder are most preferred by gynecologists when some gynecologists prefer combination of both.
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(3) Which are the brands you generally prefer in this supplement?
Sr. No. Brands Name Samples Response in %
1 Proteinex 12 48%
2 GRD 5 20%
3 Proteinules 5 20%
4 B-Protein 2 8%
5 Others 1 4%
Interpretation: By consulting gynecologists in Ahmedabad, we come to know that Proteinex brand of (wockhardt) is leading brand in the market. Proteinex is most prescribed brand by gynecologists in Ahmedabad city. Because of its quality and its price.
(4) What could be the reason for choosing particular brands?
Sr. No. Reasons Samples Response
1 Quality 25 100%
2 Price 25 100%
3 Packaging 3 12%
4 Patient Response 20 80%
5 Patient Acceptance 10 40%
Interpretation:
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When gynecologists are asked about the reason for choosing the particular brands then we come to know that quality and price both are most considered reasons for choosing the particular brands.
(5) Do you Prescribe Milk+Soya Protein combination?
Sr. No. Option Samples Response
1 Yes 5 20%
2 No 20 80%
Reasons: Because of more nutritious Because of more protein and more nutritious Most palatable Because it contains more protein that require for growth Milk does not contains some specific proteins that are available in soya
(7) If no, then what could be the reason for this?
Interpretation: According to gynecologists response, we could get some reasons for not choosing this combination. They are as under:
Reasons: Because it is less palatable Because it has less absorption and it is irrational combination Less bio availability Some doctors did not tried yet,
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(8) Do you know about “PROTOSOL” brand?
Sr. No. Option Samples Response
1 Yes 18 72%
2 No 7 28%
Interpretation: According to our survey, more no. of gynecologists knows about the Protosol brand. They are aware about the brand.
(9) If you prescribe PROTOSOL then on which parameter will you rate it?
Sr. No Parameter Samples Response
1 Quality 25 100%
2 Pricing 25 100%
3 Packaging 4 16%
4 Content Advantage (Milk + soya Protein)
22 88%
Interpretation: When gynecologists were asked about rating parameter, then we came to know that quality and pricing of the brand are most considered parameter. PROTOSOL is a combination of milk + soya protein. So that, it is also most attractive point.
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Limitations:
Because of lack of time, we can not cover more market area. Our survey was done in Ahmedabad city only. Because of lack of time we could not meet more gynecologists.
Conclusion:
Proteinex is leading brand in the market in protein supplement which is prescribed by most no. of gynecologists.
Most of the gynecologists do not prefer the combination of milk + soya protein. Gynecologists are considering the quality and price of the brand for choosing particular
brands. Protosol brand (Lincoln Pharma Ltd.) is also well known brand in the market because of
their quality, price and content advantage. Most of the gynecologists considers quality, price and patient responses for choosing the
particular brands.
Recommendation:
In the market, most of the brand has not combination of milk + soya protein. So that Lincoln has great opportunity to get more market share.
Lincoln also wants to launch the combination of Isoflavone + protein in the protein supplement. So it is also great opportunity to have monopoly.
Protosol brand is also well known brand in the market. Because of their quality, price and content advantage. So we can say that Lincoln may have more market in future of protein supplement.
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Bibliography
1. Research Methods for Business Students (3rd Edition) by Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis
and Adrian Thornhill (2007), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharmaceutical_companies date - 20.08.2010
3. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). “Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2004” (Washington, DC: PhRMA, 2004) date - 21.08.2010
4. The Pharmaceutical industry in the Global Economy by Larry Davidson and Gennadiy Greblov(2005), Indiana University Kelley School of Business Bloomington, Indiana. date - 21.08.2010
5. http://www.ucc.ie/quality/INTERNET/PESTAnalysis.pdf date - 21.08.2010
6. Source - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharmaceutical_companies. date - 21.08.2010
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Questionnaire
(1) Do you prefer Protein powder for supplement?Yes No
(2) If yes than which Protein powder do you prefer?(a)Soya Protein (c) Milk Protein(b)Whey Protein (d) If any combination please specify_________________________
(3) Which are the brands you generally prefer in this supplement?(a) Proteinex (c) Proteinules(b) GRD (d) B-Protein(e) If any other please specify________________________________________
(4) What could be the reason for choosing particular brand?(a) Quality (c) Packaging(b) Price (d) Patient Response(e) Patient acceptance
(5) Do you prescribe Milk+Soya Protein combination?Yes No
(6) If yes, then what could be the reason for choosing this combination?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(7) If no, then what could be the reason for this?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(8) Do you know about “PROTOSOL” Brand?Yes No
(9) If you prescribe PROTOSOL then on which parameter will you rate it?(a) Quality (b) Pricing(c) Packaging (d) Content Advantage (Milk + Soya Protein)
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Reflective note on Internship
Internship is like a practical training. In this we have to do practical work. I am very fresher and I had not any experience. It was very difficult to do work without any experience. I have been given domestic marketing. In this I had to do market survey on protein supplement. To do market survey, I had to make systematic plan for achieving my objectives. I had been given Ahmedabad city as a market area. I had to meet all leading gynecologists and all chemists in Ahmedabad city. So that I had made questionnaires for gynecologists according to my objectives with the help of my company guide and faculty guide. Before this I had made questionnaire for chemist survey. On this survey, I came to know that how many brands are available in the market for protein supplement and their prices which is prescribed by gynecologists. According to this survey, I knew that only leading chemist means only big retailer are keeping this protein powders. Because it is very costly. After completing my chemist survey I started to meet doctors. In this I had known already that it will be very difficult. But I have found not that much difficult. For this survey, I was going only at morning and I was getting appointment. So that, when doctor was free that time I had met them. Many times, I had to wait for long time also because of their busy schedule. But that time, I had to meet because it was very useful for achieving my objectives. During this Internship, I have learnt many things about Pharma industry. I knew that Pharmaceutical industry is totally different from other industry and Pharmaceutical marketing is also different from other marketing. In this our customer and consumer both are different. Our customer is doctors and consumer is patient. For this internship, my objectives were to find different brands of protein supplement which is prescribed by gynecologists, are available in the market. I knew that there are many brands are available in the market and Proteinex (Wockhardt), GRD (Zydus Cadila), Proteinules (Allembic), and B-protein (British Biotech) are leading brand in the market. ‘PROTOSOL’ brand of Lincoln Pharma Ltd. Is also well known brand in the market because of its quality and content advantage. So that I can say that my internship was very useful for me. I am very thankful to Stevens business school and Lincoln Pharma Ltd. For giving me this opportunity to learn from the market. Thank you!
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