internship report on q-mart
TRANSCRIPT
INTERNSHIP REPORT
Q -Mart Corporation (Pvt) Limited ( Subsidiary of Kohinoor Mills)
Submitted to
Mr. Zahid Ali Internship Incharge Commerce Department
Submitted byMirza Muhammad Zaigham
M.Sc. Accounting and Finance (4th)Session 2009-2011
Table of contents
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Sr. no. Particulars Page no.
Acknowledgement
1. Introduction To Retail
1.1 Inception Of Retail 5
1.2 History of Retailing 6
1.3 Retail Scenario in Pakistan 7
2. Introduction To The Company 11
2.1 Objectives of studying the organization 11
2.2 Overview of the organization 12
2.3 Overview of the Kohinoor mills(Parent) 12
2.4 Company Information 14
2.5 Brief History & Nature Of Q-Mart 29
2.6 Current Status 21
2.7 Product Of the Q-Mart 21
3. Organizational Structure 22
3.1 Introduction Of Organizational Chart 23
3.2 Benefits Of organizational Chart 23
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3.3 Organizational Hierarchy 23
3.4 Accounts & Finance Department Hierarchy 24
3.5 Retail department Hierarchy 25
3.6 Analysis on the Organizational Charts 26
3.7 Primary & Secondary Activities 27
3.8 Main Offices 27
4. Brief Overview of the Q-Mart’s Department 27
4.1 Information Technology department 28
4.2 Retail Department 29
4.3 Human Resources Department 29
4.4 Accounts & Finance department 30
4.5 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) 32
4.6 System & Procedures Of Accounts Department 36
5. Analysis of the Q-Mart 40
5.1 PEST Analysis 40
5.2 SWOT Analysis 44
5.3 5Forces Model
47
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5.4 Horizontal Analysis Income Statements 50
5.5 Horizontal Analysis of Balance Sheets 51
5.6 Ratios Analysis Of The Last Five Years 52
5.7 Vertical Analysis Of Income Statements 64
5.8 Vertical Analysis Of Balance Sheets 65
6. Conclusions & Recommendation 67
7. References 69
8. Annexures 70
8.1 Internship completion Letter
8.2 Income Statements & Balance Sheets
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to
complete this internship report. I want to thank the Accounts and Finance
Department of the Q-mart Corporation (Pvt) ltd for giving me permission to
commence this internship in the first instance, to do the necessary research work
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and to use departmental data. I have furthermore to thank Me Shahzad fazli deputy
General Manager internal audit in Kohinoor textile Mills and Mr. Muhammad
Farooq Accounts and Finance Manager at Q-mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd who gave
and confirmed this permission and encouraged me to go ahead with my internship.
I am bound to the Honorable Mr. Maqsood Ahmed Accounts Executive and to Mr.
Mujtaba Baig Assistant Finance Manager for their suggestions; valuable hints and
for giving me their precious time.
I am deeply indebted to my Internship Incharge Prof. Zahid Ali from Islamia
University of Bahawalpur whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement
helped me in all the time of research for and writing of this internship Report.
Lastly, I would like to pay special thanks to all of those who helped me directly or
indirectly for completing this internship report.
Mirza Muhammad Zaigham
INTRODUCTION TO RETAIL
Inception of Retail Business
Retailing is derived from the French word “retaillier” who means: “To cut off a piece or to break
bulk”
Retailing consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such as a
department store , boutique or kiosk, or by post, in small or individual lots for direct consumption
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by the purchaser. Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery. Purchasers may
be individuals or businesses. A "retailer" buys goods or products in large quantities from
manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells smaller
quantities to the end-users / consumers. Retail establishments are often called shops or stores.
Retailers are at the end of the supply chain . Manufacturing marketers see the process of retailing
as a necessary part of their overall distribution strategy. The term "retailer" is also applied where
a service provider services the needs of a large number of individuals, such as a public utility ,
like electric power .
In general retailers perform four functions:
a. They collect an assortment of products and services from a wide variety of suppliers and offer
them for sale.
b. They provide information to consumers, as well as to other channel members.
c. They frequently store merchandise, mark prices on it and pay for items prior to, selling them to
final consumers.
d. They conclude transactions with the final consumers.
HISTORY OF RETAILING "FROM PEDDLERS TO CHAIN
STORES"
For thousands of years most goods were sold in market places or by peddling. In Pakistan, India,
tropical Africa and most of the developing countries including south and Latin America, hawkers
still walk the streets of cities and towns carrying their wares, or cycle/ motor cycle from street to
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street or village to village. Even, in most developed countries peddlers are still seen selling
goods.
It is a normal sight in Pakistani cities, towns and villages that either on bicycles, tricycles, or on
animal driven carts, vendors sell all kinds of daily consumer goods and services, The
commodities range from cloth to cosmetics and milk to meat. Hairdressers, knife & scissors
repairers and sharpeners are normally seen on bicycles. In Karachi, Milkmen have switched to
bicycle from walking & from bicycle to motorcycle. Even some are using motor carriers these
days. Yet, still the market places remain the chief form of retail selling.
THE RETAIL STORES:
Chain of retail stores is known to have been operative in China several centuries before Christ.
The chain store, as it is known in much of the world today, however, is generally believed to
stem from the founding of Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P) in New York City in
1859.
The prototype of present day departmental stores existed in Japan as early as the 17th century.
The horse-drawn buses encouraged the growth of central business districts and allowed
department store to take hold in the western world. "Au Bon March" in Paris developed from a
large specialty-store to a department store in about 1860.
SMALL INDEPENDENT MERCHANTS,
However still form the majority of retailers in all the countries of the world. Till disintegration of
the USSR, most retail stores in all the communist countries were nationalized and still in most
countries they remain so. However in some states (Central Asian States) the trend is gradually
changing and self-owned retail stores are being encouraged and they are coming up.
The pattern of SUPER MARKET development was set in the United States in 1930, when
Michael Cullin opened the first unit of what was to become the King Kullen Chain of Super
Markets
Retail Scenario in Pakistan
Retailing in Pakistan, and for that matter in most of the Third World Countries, has traditionally
been a small scale business, meant mainly for small and less or not educated entrepreneurs. Till
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late sixties, large scale retailing institutions like Super Markets, Departmental Stores, Discount
Houses were unheard of in Pakistan.
However, utility Store and canteen stores Department, a type of mini super markets, are
functioning since the time of independence: but these stores were mutual benefit stores for
service of government servants and Defense Services personnel respectively. In late sixties, in
Lahore, a super market chain with the name of COOP stores was introduced. The CSD still
remains a mutual benefit store but utility stores have been opened to general public. The chain of
COOP store of Lahore was later taken over by Utility Stores Corporation of Pakistan.
In the rural areas of Pakistan, the retailing still follows the same traditional "HUTTI' system —
small shops which provide very necessary daily use items to the villagers from available stores.
These days almost all grocery items, cosmetics, vegetable ghee, and other essential items
including shelf medicines are available on HUTTIES, but back in fifties rather till late in sixties
very few items could be procured from these HUTTIES.
In the urban areas of Pakistan, almost all types of related outlets exist. The introduction of sector
wise planned markets in the newly planned modern city of Islamabad the capital, gave new
dimensions to modern retailing in Pakistan. Thereafter almost in all other cities and new towns of
Pakistan, where a new residential locality had to be developed, special emphasis was given to
plan retail markets in a proper way. The main retail urban outlets are:
a. Small retailers
b. Large retailers/ wholesale retail stores
c. Department stores
d. Super markets
e. Street vendors
f. Vending machines
g. Mail order selling
h. Utility stores
i. Cooperative stores
j. Medical & general stores
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k. Specialty stores
l. Juma, Mangal or Itwar Bazars
SMALL RETAILERS:
These are very similar to HUTTIES found in the rural areas of the country. Normally these types
of stores are located in suburbs of the cities and towns and take care of the demands and
requirements of the people living in that area.
LARGE RETAILERS/ WHOLESALE RETAIL STORES
These are few in numbers as compared to small retail stores. These are the types of stores which,
in Karachi, were originally found in the areas of Jodia Bazaar and Joona Market only. Almost all
the retailers in the city use to collect supplies from them till mid seventies. However, with the
development of the city, such like stores were opened in the areas of Liaqatabad (Lalukhet),
Nazimabad, Landhi, Malir Colony, Shah Faisal Colony, New Karachi, North Karachi, Korangi,
Orangi, Federal B area (Water Pump) and North Nazimabad.
DEPARTMENT STORES:
A department store is a large retailer employing about 25 or more people and usually selling a
general line of apparel for the family, household linens and dry goods and furniture, home
furnishings appliances, radios, and televisions. It is organized into separate departments for
purpose of buying, promotion, service and control.
In Pakistan, we do have department stores, but these stores do not qualify for discussion under
large scale retailing. The people who manage these stores are generally the owners or family
members of the owners who are guided solely by their gut-feeling. Most of them did not have the
exposure to any professional training or any kind of higher education. With the passage of time,
however, more and more educated persons are now entering into the retailing business.
SUPER MARKETS:
A supermarket is a departmentalized food store. Pakistan entered the super market era at a time
when some western European countries were moving from super market to 'Hypermarche'. The
first supermarket in Pakistan was opened at Karachi in 1968. During last 27 years quite a few of
them have sprung up, but most of these are more like "superettes" or mini super markets rather
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than full-fledged supermarkets with intensive and extensive product mix. Even food items like
meat, fresh fruits, are not available with most of them.
STREET VENDORS/VENDING MACHINES
Door to door selling is a very common sight in Pakistan. The provision of products and services
through street vendors range from milk, bakery items, fish, vegetables, fruits, textiles, garments,
crockery, linen, CHATNIS & ACHARS and other special homemade eatables to barber,
gardening, house-making & cleaning and tailoring services.
The seller has to carry the merchandise. At times, vendor’s book orders by showing samples but
that is very rare. Normally credit facilities are not extended by door to door sellers; yet at times
depending on relations, credit is provided by the sellers for a period extending up to one week or
so. The milkman and the newspaper suppliers and at times even the vegetable vendors submit
bills at the end of the month; so in some cases a month's credit is extended to customers.
VENDING MACHINES
Were seen at airports and Railway stations sometimes back in 80s. Even now, in cities like
Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore vending machines are operative. These machines are usually
attended by a salesperson, thus the element of self service is not there. However, now telephone
booths which can be operated through coded cards are operative in almost all the major cities of
Pakistan.
MAIL ORDER SELLING:
This mode is popular in books and periodicals but seldom used for sale/ purchase of any other
merchandise. Lack of knowledge interest and integrity on the part of sellers and lack of efficient
postal system appears to be the two main causes for poor mail order business. Lack of
information of consumers and high cost of producing illustrated catalogs could be another factor
for restricted use of this method of retailing.
UTILITY STORES
Initially, utility stores were opened to provide goods on subsidized prices to government servants
only. However, later to ensure regular provision of essential commodities to general public at
reasonable prices, the doors of utilities stores were opened for commoners too. Utilities stores
stock and sell daily use items at lower prices compared to general market. The utility stores
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corporation of Pakistan, a government controlled autonomous body is a limited company and has
several hundred branches all over the country. As per reported figures, the corporation by now
has a chain of about 1000 stores, which are located in all major cities and towns.
COOPERATIVE STORES
PIA coop store and a few other established in the country are the example. The COOP
established in 60s in Lahore has been taken over by utility stores corporation. Due to vested
interest of the members and lack of training, knowledge and education of the store operators
these kinds of stores have not been successful in Pakistan.
JUMMA/MANGAL/ITWAR BAZAARS:
The institution of these Bazaars can be described as a step towards "consumerism" in Pakistan.
In these Bazaars all daily use items are available. These can be termed; as discount houses since
as per claims, the commodities are available at much cheaper rates. The middleman and his share
have been eliminated and the producers directly sell goods to the end- users. The normal
complaint about these Bazaars is that sub-standard goods are sold at comparatively cheap rates.
However, this fact cannot be denied that except for nominal official rent and license fee to be
paid to Government, no other overheads are to be borne by the sellers and hence sellers at these
Bazaars remain cheaper as compared to stores housed in big buildings and malls.
Introduction of Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd.
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Objectives of studying the organization
This report has been prepared for the internship that has been done in the Q-Mart Corporation
(Pvt) Ltd in order to study the practical aspect of the course and implementation of the theory in
the real field with the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of the course of MSc Accounting &
Finance.
The aim of this internship is to be familiar to the practical aspect and uses of theoretical
knowledge and clarifying the career goals, so I have successfully completed the internship and
compiled this report as the summary and the conclusion that have drawn from the internship
experience.
The time in Q-mart Corporation (Pvt) Limited very audacious and supportive to my career
through which I have gained valuable work experience that will help definitely makes a
favorable impression on me as a prospective future employer.
Overview of the organization
Q-Mart Corporation ( Private) Limited was incorporated in Pakistan on July 18, 2005 as a private
limited company under the Companies Ordinance, 1984. The registered office of the company is
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situated at 87/2, Arif Jan Road, Lahore Cantt. The principal activity of the company is to carry
on business as a retailer in all types of general merchandise. The company is wholly-owned
subsidiary of Kohinoor Mills Limited.
Being pioneer at the market place we will provide our customers with value through our products
and services, committing ourselves to providing the quality, variety and convenience at
economical price. We want our customers to trust in our pricing philosophy and to always be
able to find the lowest prices with the best possible service. Our success requires us to trust in
our employees, respect their individual contributions and make a commitment to their continued
development. This environment will allow us to attract the best people and provide opportunities
through which they can achieve personal and professional satisfaction. Our commitment is to
support the communities in which our employees and customers live and work. We will use our
time and resources to preserve our role as a partner, neighbor and friend.
Our responsibility to our company is clear - continuous profit growth while ensuring our future
success. Q-Mart will prosper through a balance of innovation and good business decisions that
enhances our operations and creates superior value for our customers
By pursuing these goals, Q-Mart will continue to build on our foundation as a world-class
retailer chain in Pakistan. We will continue to build strong relationships with the diverse people
and organizations with whom we work. We shall pursue our mission with a passion for what we
do and a focus on priorities that will truly make a difference in our future.
Overview of the parent Company (KML)
Kohinoor Mills Limited with its state-of-the-art facilities spread over an area of 165 acres is
located at 8th KM Manga Raiwind Road near provincial capital city Lahore.
Kohinoor Mills Limited is one of the largest vertically integrated textile manufacturers, started
its successful journey back in 1949. The company has achieved annual sales of US$ 140 million
to customers based in Americas, Europe, Africa, Australia and Asia.
We have diversified products and engaged in manufacturing of Greige and Dyed Fabrics
exported to major brands and retail chains.
Kohinoor Mills Limited has employed a highly qualified and technically trained workforce of
3000 people working as a closely knitted family based on corporate culture, values and beliefs.
Our team is capable of taking on challenges for fulfilling every work related task with dynamism
and dedicated efforts.
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There are four divisions of the Kohinoor Mills Limited
1. Kohinoor Weaving is the flagship company of Kohinoor Mills Ltd. and is engaged in
producing greige cloth from cotton, blended and synthetic yarns.
2. Kohinoor Genertek is a division of Kohinoor Mills Ltd. It is engaged in power generation
& is back bone of un-interrupted production of Kohinoor Mills Ltd
3. Kohinoor Dyeing is engaged in the business of Apparel Fabric Dyeing, Bleaching &
Finishing (Cotton, Polycotton and other blends including Lycra). Product range includes
Dyed, PFD, and PFGD & White.
4. Q-Mart Division
Vision
To assist in a qualitative and quantitative change in the lifestyle of every person no matter where
they reside in Pakistan by empowering their right to a complete Choice of what product they
spend their income on and making available at their doorstep their Choice ensuring ‘Quality at
an Affordable Price’.
Provide all needed tools and assistance to the immediate Community and be a partner in the
active development of the social structure of the Community as a whole and the individual life as
a result today, tomorrow and for generations to come.
Aim
“The be the # 1 ‘Chain’ of Retail Stores in Pakistan”
CONCEPT
A Comprehensive Retailing Experience under one Roof
Focus on metropolitan & medium sized cities and towns.
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Create a customer relationship and loyalty program where families grow with Q-Mart & also
POS, Point of sale system.
Board of Directors
Mr.Amir Fayez
Email: [email protected]
Miss Amir Fayez
Chief Executive Officers
Mr. Farooq Ahmed
Email: [email protected]
Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Muhammad Farooq
Email: [email protected]
Legal Advisors
Raja Muhammad Akram & Co
Advocate & Legal Consultants
Lahore
Auditors
M/s Riaz Ahmed & Co (Members of “Nexia International)
Charted Accountants
Address
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10-B, Saint Mary Park, Main Boulevard Gulberg-III,
Lahore - 54660, Pakistan
Phones : (0092-42) 5718137-39
Fax : (0092-42) 5718136, 5714340
E-Mail : [email protected]
Head Office
Kohinoor Mills Ltd
Q-MART CORPORATION (PVT) LTED
8KM MANGA ROAD RAIWIND
DISTT, KASUR.
Tel: 042-111-941-941
Registered Office
87/2, ARIF JAN ROAD CANTT,
LAHORE.
Tel: 042-6603051-52
Fax: +92-42-6650994
Banks
ALLIED BANK LIMITED
FAYSAL BANK LTD
BANK ALFALAH
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK
Q-Mart strives to deliver the three A’s
Absolute Quality
we ensure that our customers are offered absolute quality products available for that is what our
customers deserve. Q-Mart maintains its own quality management procedures to make sure the
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Absolute Quality is maintained consistently.
Affordability
we believe that our customer must receive maximum value for money. To that end we provide
absolute quality at an affordable price, discounting all our products for our valued customers.
Availability
We strive to achieve customer satisfaction and believe the choice is for our customers to make
not us. We provide any and every product our customer desires and it is delivered through
quality service on and off the retail floor.
Values & Culture As an organization it is our People who define our success. Our People focus on certain values
and culture which in turn drives our business and the organization as a whole. Q-Mart believes in
constant training and development of its human resource to provide customers good quality
services.
Market Leaders
As a business we strive to be the market leaders in everything we. We don’t believe in being
second best.
Efficiency
Efficiency is the key to success. We strive constantly to improve and learn from the mistakes
made to ensure tomorrow is a more efficient day.
Development
Everything can be improved including ourselves as individuals. We constantly aim to develop
better methods and systems to improve our service and business learning from both our failures
and successes.
Systems and procedures
Our systems are key to success in the business, we believe in continuous improvement in the
systems and our customers' valuable response to our services is the most valuable asset for
further improvement. We believe in transparent systems where our partners can come in and get
benefit out of it through knowledge sharing.
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Integrity & Trust
We trust in each other and we trust in our ability to succeed. We try to do the right thing to the
best our ability and we work on a single platform where everyone in the organization is available
to everyone at all times.
Passion
Passion is our driving force. It is our passion to our Vision and Purpose that is the engine of this
organization.
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP
Q-Mart intends to build a strong relationship with its customers. The primary objective for
Q-Mart is to become not only the preferred choice of its individual customers but also
become the ‘family store’
To build this relationship Q-Mart will offer its customers a Q-Card. This card will be capable
of maintaining the customer’s data relating to their buying habits & enabling Q-Mart & its
vendors to plan their shelf inventories accordingly.
The Q-card members will also receive special promotional benefits as well as further
discounts on their regular shopping.
Q-Mart expects to know each one of its customers to the extent that if they walk in the sales
person should know what they need to buy and provide them assistance as well as offer any
other products which might be of their interest
ADVERTISING OPPORTUNITIES
Q-Mart provides to its suppliers an opportunity to directly advertise their products to the
consumers coming to the stores. It is the manufacturer’s initiative to market and push their
products to the customers.
Q-Mart has provided numerous options for advertising inside and outside the Store. In the first
phase these are all fixed signage.
In addition to advertising a manufacturer can also push their product to the customer through
placement at premium locations.
The following advertising & premium placement options are available.
Window Displays
Billboards
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Entrance Display
Product Island Displays
Q-card & Lcd’s .
CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
Q-Mart’s focus is to be a true retailer providing an organized platform for manufacturers and
consumers to interact. While customer service on the Store Floor is one focus, Q-Mart believes
that it is essential for a retailer to interact constantly with manufacturers to provide the
information and feedback required to improve existing products and develop new ones.
In order to achieve this objective Q-Mart will be sharing constant information with its clients
including;
Daily sale data from each store of the client’s product as well as the category sales in which
the client’s products are defined.
Customer feedback and demand of different range of products.
Demographic and ancillary data of the clients’ customers and customers of the clients’
category.
Targeted promotional opportunities to a defined customer segment
In addition Q-Mart will also provide inventory tracking data to the Client and work closely with
the Client to plan the optimum shelf inventory of the Clients products and display plans.
PILFERAGE & SECURITY
Q-Mart acknowledges that the greatest challenge for any retailer is to reduce its pilferage to
minimal levels and develop security systems to implement this objective.
For this reason Q-Mart is has secured a comprehensive inventory and merchandize management
solution as a part of the core retail solution to make the inventory system as efficient as possible
and secure inventory leakages.
Q-Mart also intends to use technology in the form of bar-coding and RFID to create a security
system supported by in-store video surveillance, EAS tagging and cross checks at different
points of the merchandize movement till its ultimate departure through the store till.
It is for this reason that Q-Mart is investing in technology and looking for long term partners in
the industry who will work with the Q-Mart team to achieve an ultimate goal of ZERO Level
Pilferage.
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SYSTEMS & MANAGEMENT
To operate a chain store management has to be centralized and systems designed to operate retail
stores in diversified locations
To achieve this central management team has been setup and extensive IT systems have been
implemented for the first time in Pakistan’s retailing industry
The objective is to provide quality service to our partners and consumers
Brief history & Nature of the Q-Mart
Q-Mart Corporation (private) was incorporated in 2005. The Head Office and other related
offices of the Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) limited were at Rajpur , its includes Head Office , Q-
mart Flagship Store, Training Canter and Executive & Staff Accommodation. The purpose of
the incorporation was to do Retail Business in all over the Pakistan, but firstly they have to start
from small cities and then expend it in all over the Punjab, Sidh, Balochastan, and NWFP
respectively. On that time the Board of Directors has decided to open 500 departmental stores
and in first phase they opened 3stores one in Rajpur, 2nd was in Sargodha and 3rd was in Bhera.
And in 2nd phase they opened two more store on at Gujranwala and 2nd one at Bahlwal, but
unfortunately Gujranwala Store and Rajpur Store not go well and were closed in 2009 due to
heavy losses. And after it they opened their two more store one is at Manga Mandi and another
one at Lahore DHA.
Q-mart is still in losses from the date of its incorporation. But the management and the Board of
Directors are still competed toward the growth of the Q-mart. There is a green signal for the Q-
mart owners, the percentage of losses is going to consistently decreases, and I hope so in next
future the Q-mart will be in Profit.
Department at the date of Incorporation
Finance Information Technology
Retail & Marketing Merchandizing & Procurement
Human Resource & Administration Business Development
Warehousing & Logistics Engineering
The Expected Stores
Rajpur Sargodha District (Flagship Store)
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Sargodha Sargodha District
Bhalwal Sargodha District
Jhawrian Sargodha District
Sahiwal Sargodha District
Sillanwali Sargodha District
Behra Sargodha District
Mandi Bhauddin Mandi Bhauddin District
Khutialan Sheikhan Mandi Bhauddin District
Hafizabad Hafizabad District
Q mart will be further added to 15 other locations in the 1st Phase;
Kot Momin Sargodha District
Bhagtanwala Sargodha District
Miani Sargodha District
Shahpur Sargodha District
Farooka Sargodha District
Jauhrabad Khushab District
Pind Dadan Khan Khushab District
Pindi Bhattian Hafizabad District
Jalapur Bhattian Hafizabad District
Malakwal Mandi Bhauddin District
Phallian Gujrat District
Dinga Gujrat District
Chinot Jhang District
Rabwa Jhang District
Jhang Jhang District
Current status
Head Offices
Now The Head Offices of the Q-Mart is located at Raiwind Road 8km Manga road, Distt Kasur,
and register office of the Qmart is at Arif Jan road Cantt, Lahore.
Departments
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Accounts & Finance
Information Technology
Human Resource & Administration
Merchandizing & Procurement
Retail & Marketing
They have closed others departments
Operational Stores
Sargodha Cantt.
Bhalwal City.
Bhera Town.
MandiBhauddin City.
Gujranwala Satellite Town.
Manga Raiwind Road
Product lines and Important Brands
Q-Mart is a discounter carrying a maximum range of products divided into Basic, Mid and Top
ranges to provide the customer with a complete choice
The merchandize to be carried by Q-Mart is divided into the following categories;
Food Super Market Agro Products Apparel
Electronics Stationary Toiletries
Home Maintenance Hardware & Sanitary Pharmacy
Crockery & Kitchen Ware Lubricant & Spare Parts Tobacco
Home Products Footwear Vehicles
Fashion & Accessories Luggage & Storage Toys & Gifts
Q-Mart provides a platform to all manufacturers to promote and present their products to
their ultimate consumer
Unlike a distributor or a single shop Q-Mart works with manufacturers to provide business
intelligence and support allowing the manufacturer to develop their product in direct
response to the customers’ demands
Q-Mart is a professional retailer with a diversified customer base providing the potential
reach to the direct consumer which didn’t exist before in Pakistan
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Q-Mart has setup a comprehensive tracking and payment system to ensure that a
manufacturer is always in the knowledge of its product placed on Q-Mart’s floor.
A manufacturer can track their inventory and receives payment of any inventory sold during
the week the very next day.
Q-Mart secures a manufacturers product placed on its floor by insuring the product and also
securing the payment of any product sold.
Q-Mart through its discounting policy further empowers the manufacturer to control and
market its products at any given time
Organizational Structures
Introduction to Organizational Charts
An organizational chart is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization as well as the
relationships and relative ranks of its positions. The term "chart" refers to a map that helps
managers navigate through patterns in their employees. Charts help organize the workplace
while outlining the direction of management control of subordinates.
Benefits of Organizational Charts
Organization charts are an effective way to communicate organizational, employee and
enterprise information. An org chart makes it easier for people to comprehend and digest large
amounts of information as a visual picture rather than as a table of names and numbers.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Organizational charts provide the greatest value when used as a framework for managing change
and communicating current organizational structure. When fully utilized, org charts allow
managers to make decisions about resources, provide a framework for managing change and
communicate operational information across the organization.
Organizational charts provide managers with specific departmental information that can then be
used as a baseline for planning, budgeting and workforce modeling. It's easy to collaborate on
important structural and personnel decisions when you have the overall picture along with the
smaller views that make up that bigger picture. Organizational charts can be linked directly to
spreadsheets or budgeting tools for interactive what-if analysis, making planning and decision-
making easier. Those organizational charts can then be used to provide scenarios back to
executives, finance and HR for evaluation and approval. Managers may also use organizational
charts to communicate and solicit feedback from their employees to build future plans
Organizational hierarchy
Accounts & Finance Department Hierarchy
Islamia University of Bahawalpur 24
Accounts & Finance Manager
Assistant Finance Manager
Accounts Executive
Accountant 1 Accountant 2
Accountant (DHA)
Accountant (MBD)
Accountant (SGD)
Accountant (BHL)
Accountant (MNG)
Total Employees =10
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Islamia University of Bahawalpur 25
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Retail Department Hierarchy
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Analysis on the Qmart organizational charts
Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Retail Manager
Store Manager (Manga)
Store Manager (DHA)
Store Manager (SGD)
Store Manager (BHL)
Store Manager (MBD)
IT-Assistant
IT-Assistant Purchaser Store Supervisor Store Boys (6)
IT-Assistant Purchaser Store Supervisor Store Boys (4)
IT-Assistant Purchaser Store Supervisor Store Boys (10)
IT-Assistant Purchaser Store Supervisor Store Boys (7)
Purchaser Store Supervisor Store Boys (6)
Total Employees = 53
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Span of Control & Unity of Command
Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has. There are two types of
span of controls which exits in the many organization.
1. Wide span of control:
Wide span of control means a single manager or supervisor oversees a large number of
subordinates. This gives rise to a flat organizational structure.
2. Narrow span of control:
Narrow span of control means a single manager or supervisor oversees few subordinates. This
gives rise to a tall organizational structure’s Q-Mart have narrow span to control due to the
following reasons
Workers are located in different geographic locations like Mandibahudin, Sargodha, and
Bahlwal.
Because Q-Mart requires great deal of interaction between supervisor and workers
New problems arise frequently
3. Unity of Command
The unity of command principle states that an employee should have one and only one
supervisor to whom he or she directly reports. No employee should report to two or more
supervisor since each supervisor has their own priorities. So the same principal is adopting by the
Q-Mart Corporation (Private) Limited. Because the smoothness of the work.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Primary and secondary activities
Primary Activities
Primary activity of the Q-mart is to do retail business in all stores by providing the quality
products to its customers at affordable rates and creating a long term customers relationship with
their customers.
Secondary Activities Secondary activity of the Q-Mart is to provide a place to other
investors to open their outlets at Q-mart stores and can sell their products in the roof on Q-Mart
On that time there are number of other investors who had open their outlets in the Roof of Q-
mart Names Are
JAWA Sweets
City Shoes
Hera Towels
Kohinoor Fair price Shop
Khan Medicine
Main offices
Main Offices are at 8km Manga Road Raiwind, Distt Kasur, And at mini market at Lahore other
related offices are at Manga, Mandi Bahaudin Sargodha, and Bahlwal DHA Lahore.
Brief Overview of the departments
Islamia University of Bahawalpur 29
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
On the date of incorporation the Q-Mart had many departments which are already discussed; on
that time the Q-Mart have only four departments the detail of the each, in respect of function,
procedure and no. of employees is given below.
Information Technology Department
What the I.T is?
We use the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. In actuality,
information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In some
companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply as
Information Services (or IS). The information technology department of a large company would
be responsible for storing information, protecting information, processing the information,
transmitting the information as necessary, and later retrieving information as necessary.
I.T department at Q-mart:
In order to perform the complex functions relating to information technology the Q-mart
employed the 7peoples, two at head office and the remaining five are at different stores. And the
department is operated by the I.T manager Mr.Kashif.
The main Factions of the department are
Solving the problems of Oracle financial.
Make the Policies Regarding I.T Packages.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Solving the Problems of POS
Introducing the new polices relating to smoothness of working at POS and Offices.
Opening the new Customers Accounts on Oracle Financial
Changing the Bar-Codes of the products
Solving and identifications of problems of Microsoft Business Solution Navisio
Retail Department:
The primary responsibility of the retail Department is to take care of the day-to-day operations of
the store. Retail Department consists of six peoples one is Retail Manager and the span of control
of the retail manager is short having five peoples who are the store managers of different
locations the store managers have to set work schedules, maintain inventories, ensure customer
satisfaction, design the layout of store merchandise, and they have gives report to retail manager.
A Stores manager's day-to-day responsibilities normally involve:
Customer issues: assisting customers and responding to customer complaints, requests,
queries, and comments.
Sales issues: finding new ways to improve sales, meet sales targets, analyze figures, forecast
volumes, and strategize.
HR issues: recruiting, training, supervising, motivating, and reviewing staff, as well as
resolving health, safety, and legal issues for the store.
Inventory issues: maintaining stock levels, ensuring the quality of supplies, and supervising
the quantity, type, and scheduling of orders.
Display issues: planning the layout and design of displays.
Coordination issues: acting as a link between management and staff.
Human Resources and administration Department
The Human Resource Department deals with management of people within the organization and
department are also performing the admin work with in the Q-mart.
It consisted of two peoples one is H.R manager and second one is his assistant.
Human resources or Personnel’s main responsibility is the recruitment, selection, training and
development of staff. This will involve developing staff to maximize their potential in a manner
that furthers the organization’s objectives.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Accounts & Finance Department
The role of an Accounts & finance department in the Q-Mart is to ensure that adequate funds are
for the resources that are required to help achieve the organizational objectives. The department
also ensures that the costs are controlled, that there is an adequate cash flow, and also that it
establishes and further controls all profitable levels. All of which are extremely important to the
running of any organization.
One of the major roles of the finance department in the Q-Mart is to identify appropriate
financial information prior to communicating this information to managers and decision-makers,
so that they can make informed judgments and decisions that will benefit the company or
organization. The finance department further prepares financial documents and final accounts for
managers to use and for reporting purposes.
Duties of the finance department include: Maintaining financial records, the payment of bills and
expenses, the collection of accounts that are due, the general monitoring of funds and the
payment of wages and salaries. Yet, it can be argued that the main duty of the finance
department is to provide information to the managers and decision makers within the business.
Therefore, it can be considered that the finance department is the backbone of any organization.
Without any form of financial control, the company would be unable to control the inward and
outward flow of cash and in terms of utilizing the cash, without the finance department, there
Islamia University of Bahawalpur 32
Accounts & Finance Manager
Assistant Finance Manager
Accounts Executive
Accountant 1 Accountant 2
Accountant (DHA)
Accountant (MBD)
Accountant (SGD)
Accountant (BHL)
Accountant (MNG)
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
would be very little knowledge or direction as to where the company can invest and how much
they can invest in.
Hierarchy of Finance Department
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Total Employees =10
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Standard Operating Procedure
Standard operating procedures are written guidelines that tell how a job or task should be
performed. These guidelines are a major part of a company's quality system.
Significance
Standard operating procedures are necessary for businesses to mass produce high-quality
products. On-the-job injuries are minimized when procedures for completing tasks are in place.
Function
The written instructions (SOP) for day-to-day tasks should be placed in a location easily
accessible to employees. Guidelines and procedural information should be legibly written.
Considerations
The company's standard operating procedures should provide a detailed account of the processes
necessary for your company to function. These processes are generally repetitive.
Benefits
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
When procedures are properly followed, quality products are produced in a uniform manner.
Operational guidelines help companies maintain consistency.
Warning
Standard operating procedures that don't clearly communicate how to properly perform a task or
duty are worthless. There is very little point to having written guidelines or instructions that
aren't being used on a consistent basis.
Here are some Standard operating Procedures for the Q-Mart Employees
Detailed S.O.P
A.M Finance
Daily Bank Position
Arrange cash in our bank accounts according to issued Cheques
Call to all banks on 09:30 am and confirm the available balances, after that call to all head
cashiers to deposit the cash in the banks where we need it.
Coordinate with store head cashiers and reconcile the cash on daily basis.
Working on Accounts Payable Module:
Check and approve all kind of accounts payable vouchers in Oracle Financials.
Booking of monthly expenses of all locations and head office in Oracle Financials.
Open and close the accounting periods in oracle financials.
Validation of payables in Oracle Financials.
Create accounting and processing payables work to general ledger module.
Fetching of all credit and cash invoices from Navision to integration and then from
integration to oracle financials.
Maintaining the supplier’s ledgers.
Working on General Ledger Module:
Check and approve all kind of journal vouchers.
Booking of expenses in Oracle Financials.
Posting of all entries to their respective heads.
Working on Accounts Receivable Module:
Booking of receivables from our all parties in Receivable module.
Working on Trial Balance
Islamia University of Bahawalpur 35
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
After completion of all processes from payables and general ledger module update the trial
balance on monthly basis.
Export trial balance from oracle for making the monthly profit and loss account.
Summarize the trial balance data head wise for monthly and annual accounts.
Working On fixed Assets Module:
Addition and deletion of company fixed assets.
Booking of fixed assets in Oracle Financials
Working On Microsoft Navision:
Open new vendor account in Navision on request of buyers and then update in oracle.
Update the daily sales report on daily basis.
Analyze and summarize different kind of reports from Navision.
Conduct Stock Takes For All locations:
Stock takes of all locations on random basis.
On stock take night before starting post all un-posted documents in Navision.
Freeze data for the required divisions.
Update the database before punching data in laptops.
After completion of stock counting item wise scanning and punching of stock in laptops.
As the data punching completes then collect data from both laptops and compile in a master
file.
Execute query after completion of all data and save in excel
Make a report with respect of divisions and difference in value.
These reports are hand over to store manager for verification of data and then update the
report after all kind of verifications.
Filter the data from verified report and send to it for upload in Navision.
As the data upload then after verification of correct validation post in Navision to update the
inventory.
WORKING ON SALARIES AND OVER TIME:
Checking and Booking:
Provide deductions from employees issued against provident fund and against salary to HR
department on Monthly basis.
Checking and booking of Salaries Department wise in Oracle.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Checking and booking of Social Security Department wise in Oracle.
Checking and booking of Employee’s Old Age Benefit Department wise in Oracle.
Checking and booking of Over Time Department wise in Oracle.
Booking of recovery from employees in form of mess, phone, salary and update the ledgers
by booking of entries in Oracle.
Payment of Salaries from Banks:
Transfer salaries to employee’s bank accounts through bank transfer letter printed on
Company letter head which have the following detail,
Title of Account
Bank Account Number
Payable amount
Signed by two signing authorities
Q Mart Stamp
Payment to SNS and Consignment Parties:
Monthly Payments of Vendors.
Monthly Payments of Consignment Vendors.
Cost of goods sold against above vendors
Rental income from above parties
Monthly Bank Reconciliations:
Monthly reconcile our bank accounts which detail is as under,
Allied Bank Sargodha
Allied Bank Bahlwal
Allied Bank Bahlwal
Allied Bank Lahore
Allied Bank Thokar
Bank Alfalah Mandi
Standard Chartered
Assist to Manager Finance:
Reporting on daily basis
Making on monthly accounts
At the time of annual audit
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Detailed S.O.P
Accounts Officer
Sales Posting
At early morning confirm the sales amount from store cashiers.
Match the sales amount shown in Navision with actual cash figure at all stores.
After confirmation of sales post it in Navision.
Sales Cash deposits and direct payments to vendors:
Reconcile the sales cash according to vendor payments and used for store.
After reconciling cash on excel post all transactions to Oracle Financial
All the transactions consist of following natures,
Actual Sales amount post in oracle.
Sales cash deposit in bank post in oracle.
Credit sales transfer to alfalah bank post in oracle.
All petty expenses at store posted in oracle.
Post all payments to vendors in oracle.
Verification of Sales Cash used at stores:
Before posting all transactions in oracle, verify the following things,
Casting of all petty expenses.
All store expenses should be signed by store manager and store cashier.
The signed expenses should be approved by Regional retail manager
Cash Reconciliations:
After booking of all store receipts and payments reconcile the cash in oracle financial.
The closing balance of oracle financial should be equal to the amount issued to store for petty
expenses and for till cash.
If is there any difference the store cashier will explain the reason of tendency.
Checking of Reconciliation from Finance Manager:
The cash reconciliation statement should be checked and signed by finance manager.
Filling of Store Expenses and Z-Reports:
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
All the store expense vouchers should be filed with respect of there month and voucher
number assigned from oracle financial.
Z-Reports received from store should attach with the statement printed from Navision and
then punched in the file with respect of store and month.
Systems & Procedures involved in Finance Department
Accounting/Bookkeeping
Q-Mart accounting records will be maintained on a full accrual basis using up to date methods of
electronic data processing.
The following accounting records will be maintained:
Cash – consecutive record of cash receipts and payments
General Journal
General Ledger
Subsidiary Ledgers including Receivable/Payable/Rates Assets
Other records necessary to fully document and explain the financial transaction of Q-Mart as
required complying with the Companies Ordinance 1987 and GAAP.
Subsidiary ledgers shall be reconciled with the general ledger at least monthly.
There will be adequate and appropriate supervision of employees with sufficient employee
backup to ensure that accounts and ledgers are adequately maintained.
The Accounts & Finance Manager to sight and review all receipt reversals, journals, credit
notes, and other transactions
Cash Received
Cash received shall be recorded by an entry for each individual transaction.
The invoices record shall indicate the mode of payment, Cheques, cash,
Receipts shall be issued in numerical sequence.
Banking
Cash received by an officer or employee of Q-Mart must be paid into a Q-Mart bank account.
Cash received by or on behalf of Q-Mart must be banked as soon as possible on or after the
day of receipt.
Detailed records of Q-Mart’s banking activities must be kept.
Banking shall be reconciled with receipts.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
In the intervening periods between banking, Cash received will be deposited in the safe.
Bank Accounts
Bank accounts will be operated exclusively for the purpose of conducting Q-Mart business.
Those presently approved:
Miss.Fayza (Director)
Chief Executive Officer
Financial Manager
At least two authorized bank signatories are required to disbursements of cash from bank
accounts.
All accounts will be in the name of Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Limited accounts can only be
opened with the approval of the Chief Executive Officer and Director
Bank reconciliation for each bank account operated by Q-Mart shall be prepared monthly.
Accounts for Payment and Disbursements
All accounts for payment shall be certified by an Authorized Officer as to:
The receipt of the goods and services being in accordance with the
Relevant Purchase order
The prices charged being fair and reasonable
The calculations and additions being correct
The allocation of the payment to the correct ledger account
Payments/disbursements is to be made by the crossed Cheques
Cheques shall be on Q-Mart stationery, pre-numbered and issued in numerical sequence
Unused Cheques shall be in the custody of the Accounts Payable Officer who shall maintain
a register
Purchasing
Procurement will be undertaken by Q-Mart in a way which:
Encourages purchases being made from a registered Suppliers or from Open Markets
All the purchases must be made according to the demand
Proper documentation must be made by the purchase managers
All the purchase Orders Must be signed by the departmental purchaser
All the Purchases Orders must be matched by the Good received Notes
Salaries and Wages Payroll
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Records will be maintained in respect all employees of Q-Mart showing Gross salary or
wages
Tax and details of all other payments and deductions
Sick, annual, long service and other leave available and taken
Allocation of time worked on jobs
Salaries and wages will be paid on the basis of attendance recorded on an approved time
sheet, except for employees on “no fixed hours” Contracts
Time sheets will be mailed by the store Manager to the H.R manager
All claims for payment of overtime must be authorized by the relevant manager before being
paid.
Information Technology
Q-Mart has invested in the best IT solutions tested and deployed internationally to enable its
vision of management.
Fujitsu & Navision
The merchandizing, buying, warehouse management and Store POS sale is done through a
centralized online system provided by Fujitsu and Navision. The system has been deployed at
leading retail chains globally
ERP & OCS 10g
Oracle is a technology partner providing an end to end platform. Oracle Financials, Inventory
and Purchasing will form the core financial management tools for the operation. Internal
company communication and external communication with vendors and suppliers will be
managed through Oracle Collaboration Suite 10g. The OCS 10g implementation at Q-Mart is
the first implementation of 10g outside the US.
Microwave Network
A fully deployed and owned Microwave Network linking each of the stores. This would
effectively become the largest wireless communication network in Pakistan when deployed over
all future stores.
NCR
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
The POS systems deployed at all Q-Mart stores are provided by NCR which is the global leader
in POS technology. The POS systems being used at our stores have for the first time been
introduced in the Pakistan market allowing our cashiers to provide international standard service
to our customers.
Analysis
Pest Analysis
PEST analysis stands for "Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis" and describes
a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of
management. These are known as PEST analysis.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Here we are analyzing the pest analysis because we want to know whether these points are
affecting the performance of the Q-Mart or not.
Importance of Pest Analysis
PEST influences are a helpful method of summarizing the external environment in which a
business operates.
Q-MART A Retail Company
We see that Q-Mart is a growing baby in the Pakistani markets. And still he has to grow in the
Pakistan’s market and he has to become young, then mature and then become old and then will
stay in the Pakistan’s markets.
Purposes of Q-Mart
Purpose of the Q-mart is to do retail business in the all over the Pakistan, before opening the
more stores in different location within the Pakistan we have to do PEST analysis so that we can
implement the our best practices in other places of the country and we can get more and more
profit from the other cities and we can capture the whole market of the country. In Short we can
achieve our goal, which is “The be the # 1 ‘Chain’ of Retail Stores in Pakistan”
Components of Pest analysis
These are four factors whose applies in PEST analysis mostly, but here all factors will be
discussed with details.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Political factors
Are how and what degree a Government interference in his economy specifically political factors
includes areas such as
Tax Polices
Labor Law
Environmental Law
Trade Restrictions
Tariffs
Political stability
Political Factors may also include goods and services which the Government wants to provide or
be provided but others there are some question in our mind during the analysis which is
The political areas have a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending
power of consumers and other businesses. We must consider issues such as:
How stable is the political environment?
Will government policy influence laws that regulate or tax our business?
What is the government's position on marketing ethics?
Islamia University of Bahawalpur 44
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
What is the government's policy on the economy?
Does the government have a view on culture and religion?
If these factors are goes in favor of Q-Mart then we will decide that the political environment is
favorable for opening the new stores and I thought that it is a big opportunity for Q-Mart to do
business and for earn profit.
Economic Factors
Here the Q-Mart analyze the economy of Pakistan and know how the economic factors are
influence on company the factors may be include of
Economic growth,
Interest rates,
Exchange rates
Inflation rate.
Employment level per capita.
Long-term prospects for the economy Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, and so on.
These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example,
interest rates affect a firm's cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and
expands. Here the Q-Mart knows that if the majority of factors are going to his favor then the
company can decide to open new stores.
Social Factors.
In the Social Factors the Q-mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd will analyze the social factors include the
Cultural aspects
Health Consciousness
Population Growth Rate
Age Distribution
Career Attitudes
Emphasis on Safety
A trend in social factors affects the demand for a company’s products and how that company
operates. For example, an aging population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce
(Thus increasing the cost of stores staff). Furthermore, companies may change various
management strategies to adapt to these social trends (Such as recruiting older workers) and
some question arises in our mind because the culture is different from city to city these may be
Islamia University of Bahawalpur 45
Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
The social and cultural influences on Q-mart (Some Extent) vary from city to city. It is very
important that such factors are considered. Factors include:
What are the dominant language, Urdu, Punjabi, saraki, sindi, and blochi?
Does language impact upon the diffusion of products onto markets?
What are attitudes to local and imported products and services?
How much time do consumers have for leisure?
What are the roles of men and women within society?
How long are the population living? Are the older generations wealthy?
Does the population have a strong/weak opinion on political issues?
If these are in favor of Q-Mart Company then will be the best environment for investing in other
cities for opening the new stores.
Technological Factors
Technology in the retailing industry has provided a new dimension. The introduction of point of
sale equipment, bar codes and huge storage capacity for billing and payment database has
facilitated the management of large set-ups with ease. Operations can be recorded in a structured
and systematic manner, providing detailed analysis of the sales and volume of transactions.
Electronic transactions have increased the volume of sales in the country. Flexibility in the mode
of payment and cashless transactions has helped in driving sales. Communication assists in
maintaining a competitive advantage in retaining and attracting customers. The introduction of
new technology may be intricate for retailers, but the convenience and cost effectiveness create
the need for new advancements. Large stores need to monitor inventories and expenses of
establishments. With automated machines and high-end computers making the task simpler, the
focus of retailers can stay on retaining customers with new strategies. Security systems also do
help for a safer shopping, for retailers as well as customers, providing immense mental relief.
Such technological advancements are only now coming into Pakistan and the need for it has been
acknowledged. The point of sale (POS) applications will provide for quicker consumer check-out
and multiple payment options like credit cards. Solutions ranging from simple Point of Sale
(POS) systems to complex retail ERPs have been implemented mainly by large, mid-sized and
manufacturer-retailers in Pakistan Using ERP packages and solutions like Retail Pro, higher-end
solutions like SAP.
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
We know that, Technology is vital for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of retail
business. Consider the following points:
Does technology allow for products and services to be sold more cheaply and to a better
standard of quality?
Do the technologies offer consumers and businesses more innovative products and services
such as Internet banking, new generation mobile telephones, etc?
How the technologies effect the system of Point of sale (pos)?
Does technology offer to Q-mart a new way to communicate with consumers e.g. banner,
cables, and internet?
Q-Mart Retail Company analyze the technological factors if they meet their requirements then
the company will decide it positively
SWOT Analysis
What is SWOT analysis?
SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Occasionally, it
may also be found as a ‘WOTS up’ analysis or the TOWS analysis. The technique is credited to
Albert Humphrey who led a research project at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s using
data from leading companies involved in long range planning processes.
A SWOT analysis is a planning tool used to understand the Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business. It involves stating the objective
of the business or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are either
supportive or unfavorable to achieving that objective. SWOT is often used as part of a strategic
or business planning process, but can be useful in understanding an organization or situation and
decision-making for all sorts of situations.
The SWOT is great for developing an understanding of an organization or situation and decision-
making for all sorts of situations in business, organizations and for individuals.
Doing a SWOT can be very simple, however its strengths lie in its flexibility and experienced
application.
Strengths
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
The positive tangible and intangible attributes, which are within an organization. They are
within the organization’s control.
Understand the needs and wants of the local consumer
Having personal relationship with the community, local knowledge
Convenient locations
Low cost of running day to day operation
Short term udhaar
Consumer acceptance
Loyal customer base
Low price perception
New entrant
Economical pricing
Q-market and Q Card
Mega locations
True Retail Store providing one stop shopping
Fun place for families and kids
High levels of QSC
Aggressive Marketing
Major player in community development
Weakness
Factors that are within an organization’s control that detracts from its ability to attain the desired
goal. Which areas might the organization improve?
Q-mart stores are located away from the shopping areas/ main trading areas
Big/ shiny stores can be a barrier to get customers
Low levels of quality, service and cleanliness
Less variety, Poor ambiance
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Higher pricing
No expansion
No media presence
Couldn’t able to attract kids/ families
Opportunities
The external attractive factors, that represents the reason for an organization to exist and develop.
What opportunities exist in the environment, which will improve the organization?
Kids playing area
Sufficient untapped market
Growing knowledge of consumer
Media consumption habits
Expansion in new cities
Family oriented stores
Improve on services, quality
Market presence (Advertising)
Threats
External factors, beyond an organization’s control, which could place the organization mission or
operation at risk. The organization may benefit by having contingency plans to address them if
they should occur.
Arrival of new markets
Consumer expectation level is getting higher day by day
Growing competition
Unpredictable Govt. taxation policie
Five Competitive Forces Model
Here is a brief background on who developed it, and why it is useful.
The model originated from Michael E. Porter's 1980 book "Competitive Strategy: Techniques
for Analyzing Industries and Competitors." Since then, it has become a frequently used tool for
analyzing a company's industry structure and its corporate strategy.
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In his book, Porter identified five competitive forces that shape every single industry and market.
These forces help us to analyze everything from the intensity of competition to the profitability
and attractiveness of an industry. Flowing figure shows the relationship between the different
competitive forces.
Threat of New Entrants – Its means that the new companies have a lot of potential in the
industry to enter as a new supplier of the specific product, it is easy for new companies to enter
the industry. In the retailing business there are number of companies are working and still there
is a potential in this industry to absorb the new entrants because the needs of the peoples are
changing rapidly, and they are demanding the new product, so for the fulfillment the demand of
the customer the people comes in the industry as a retailer. But there are some reasons through
which peoples feel hesitation and these reasons limits the threat of the new entrants are known
as a Barriers to Entry .Some examples include:
Existing loyalty of big retail Stores, Like Macro, Hyperlink, and Q-Mart.
Incentives for using a particular buyer (such as frequent shopper programs)
High fixed costs
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Scarcity of resources
High costs of switching companies
Government restrictions or legislation
Power of Suppliers – Its means how much pressure suppliers can place on a business? If one
supplier has a large enough impact to affect a company's margins and volumes, then it holds
substantial power. Q-Mart is a Retail business having different departmental at different location,
so the suppliers of the Q-Mart are Open Markets Supplier, There are somehow have a permanent
suppliers. Sometime the open market supplier take a benefit from the needs of the Q-mart, and
they charge the same rate on which they are providing to others, so it creates the completions
between the Q-mart and others stores. Here are a few reasons that suppliers might have power:
There are very few suppliers of a particular product
There are no substitutes
Switching to another (competitive) product is very costly
The product is extremely important to buyers - can't do without it
Power of Buyers – Its means how much pressure customers can place on a Q-Mart.? If one
customer has a large enough impact to affect a company's margins and volumes, then the
customer hold substantial power. The buyers of the Q-mart are the general public of the different
location, as we discussed the Q-mart have a focus to do its business mainly in the rural areas and
the peoples of the rural areas are not educated. so some time it will be difficult for the Q-Mart
employees to retain the peoples of the rural areas because they not listen any one , they do
according to their mind, Here are a few reasons that customers might have power:
Small number of buyers
Purchases large volumes
Switching to another (competitive) product is simple
The product is not extremely important to buyers; they can do without the
Product for a period of time
Customers are price sensitive
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Availability of Substitutes - What is the likelihood that someone will switch to a
competitive product or service? If the cost of switching is low, then this poses a serious threat.
Here are a few factors that can affect the threat of substitutes:
The main issue is the similarity of substitutes. For example, if the price of coffee rises
substantially, a coffee drinker may switch over to a beverage like tea. If substitutes are similar, it
can be viewed in the same light as a new entrant
Competitive Rivalry - This describes the intensity of competition between existing firms in
an industry. Highly competitive industries generally earn low returns because the cost of
competition is high. A highly competitive market might result from:
Many players of about the same size; there is no dominant firm
Little differentiation between competitors’ products and services
A mature industry with very little growth; companies can only grow by stealing customers
away from competitors
Q-Mart Corporation (Private) Limited
Horizontal Analysis of Income Statements
For the Last Five Years june-2006 to Dec 2010
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2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Sales 525.48% 30.08% 116.93% 47.82%
Less: Cost of Sales 726.93% 22.75% 113.83% 50.97%
Gross Profit 98.54% 94.75% 134.19% 31.83%
Less: Operating Expenses
Administration Expenses 473.74% 24.43% 50.22% 11.27%
Selling & dist Expenses 196.88% 28.28% (76.01%) (24.28%)
Bank Charges -100.00%
Loss on sale of land -100.00%
Other operating Expenses
Total Ope & Admin Exp. 369.52% 25.98% 24.50% 9.36%
Operating Income /Loss 492.32% 15.54% -3.59% -4.61%
Net Loss before tax 524.98% 18.96% -7.42% -5.08%
Income tax 9245.81% (23.14%) 461.46% -93.34%
Net Loss After tax 445.78% 24.69% -46.74% 84.69%
Q-Mart Corporation (Private) Limited
Horizontal Analysis of Balance Sheets
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
For the Last Five Years june-2006 to Dec 2010
Assets 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Non-current Assets
Property, plant & equipment 7.32% 6.64% -1.18% 1.27%
Intangible fixed assets -15.73% -5.75% (100.00%)
Deferred tax assets 80.20% 221.31% 0.00%
security deposits 33.68% 430.70% 0.00% 0.00%
9.11% 9.10% 5.10% 1.10%
Current Assets
Stock in Trade 206.10% 159.92% 50.70% 14.60%
Advances, deposits and
prepayments 54.25% 71.93% 7.58% 16.64%
Cash And Bank Balances -62.73% 569.61% -60.60% -31.78%
Other receivables
78.88% 150.68% 26.89% 13.90%
Total Assets 12.34% 19.54% 8.47% 3.42%
Equity & Liabilities
Authorized capital 0.00% 40.00% 0.00% 0.00%
25,000,000 ordinary shares of rs, 10
Issued, Subscribed and paid up
capital 0.00% 31.95% 24.91% 21.34%
share deposit money 1692.68% 36.55% -60.65%
-
100.00%
Accumulated Loss 545.78% 105.38% 27.33% 39.64%
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Internship Repot On Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd. (Subsidiary Of Kohinoor Mills)
Total Equity 5.17% 18.16% 0.99% 0.48%
Deferred Liabilities
Provision for gratuity
Current Liabilities
Trade and other Payables 104.70% 23.16% 62.73% 13.27%
Provision for taxation
Total Current Liabilities 106.85% 28.75% 54.46% 15.22%
Total Equity & Liabilities 12.34% 19.54% 8.47% 3.42%
Ratios Analysis of the Financial Statements
Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd
For the Last Five Years.
Ratio Analysis 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Liquidity Ratios
Current ratio
Current Assets 7332355 13116245 32879812 41720212 47518539
Current Liabilities 11167731 23100946 28709080 45940589 52931197
0.656566226 0.56777956 1.145275711 0.908134 0.897741629
Quick Ratio
Current Assets-Stock 4746110 5199643 12303260 10710502 11980763
Current Liabilities 11167731 23100946 28709080 45940589 52931197
0.424984269 0.22508355 0.428549435 0.2331381 0.226345968
Activity Based Ratios
Inventory Turnover
C.G.S 5236462 43302003 53152690 113653744 171580407
Inventory 2586245 7916602 20576552 31009710 35537776
2.024735476 5.46977137 2.583167967 3.6651018 4.828113245
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Total Asset Turnover
Sales 7707371 48207680 62704609 136027772 201075101
Total Assets 158330052 177873116 212625379 230636428 238517102
0.048679141 0.27102286 0.294906513 0.5897931 0.843021734
Debt Ratios
Debt Ratio
Total Liabilities 11167731 23100946 79043328 65340580 52931197
Total Assets 158330052 177873116 212625379 230636428 238517102
7.05% 12.99% 37.17% 28.33% 22.19%
Profitability Ratios
Gross Profit Margin
Gross Profit 2470909 4905679 9551919 22374028 29494694
Net Sale 7707371 48207682 62704609 136027772 201075101
32.06% 10.18% 15.23% 16.45% 14.67%
Operating Profit Margin
Operating Profit -5452566 -32296406 -37313851 -35975404 -34316777
Net Sale 7707371 48207682 62704609 136027772 201075101
-70.74% -66.99% -59.51% -26.45% -17.07%
Net Profit Margin
Net Profit -4851579 -26479075 -33016795 -17586212 -32480434
Net Sale 7707371 48207682 62704609 136027772 201075101
-62.95% -54.93% -52.65% -12.93% -16.15%
Earnings per Share
Net Profit -4851579 -26479075 -33016795 -17586212 -32480434
No. Of Shares 15000000 15000000 19792950 23079617 27975926
-0.32 -1.76 -1.66 -0.76 -1.16
Return On Assets
Net Profit/Loss -4851579 -26479075 -33016795 -17586212 -32480434
Total Assets 158330052 177873116 212625379 230636428 238517102
-3.06% -14.89% -15.53% -7.63% -13.62%
Return On Equity
Net Profit/Loss -4851579 -26479075 -33016795 -17586212 -32480434
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Total Assets 147162321 154772170 133582651 165295839 185585905
-3.30% -17.11% -24.72% -10.64% -17.50%
Interpretation of Ratios Analysis
Liquidity Ratios:
Liquidity Ratios are ratios that come off the Balance Sheet and hence measure the liquidity of the
company as on a particular day i.e. the day that the Balance Sheet was prepared. These ratios are
important in measuring the ability of a company to meet both its short term and long term
obligations.
1: Current Ratio:
The formula:
Current Ratio = Total Current Assets/ Total Current Liabilities
The Interpretation
This ratio is obtained by dividing the 'Total Current Assets' of a company by its 'Total Current
Liabilities'. The ratio is regarded as a test of liquidity for a company. It expresses the 'working
capital' relationship of current assets available to meet the company's current obligations
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Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) ltd has Rs. 0.656 of Current Assets to meet Rs1.00 of its Current
Liability
2: Quick Ratio:
The formula:
Quick Ratio = Total Quick Assets/ Total Current Liabilities
Quick Assets = Total Current Assets (minus) Inventory
The Interpretation:
This ratio is obtained by dividing the 'Total Quick Assets' of a company by its 'Total Current
Liabilities'. Sometimes a company could be carrying heavy inventory as part of its current assets,
which might be obsolete or slow moving. Thus eliminating inventory from current assets and
then doing the liquidity test is measured by this ratio. The ratio is regarded as an acid test of
liquidity for a company. It expresses the true 'working capital' relationship of its cash, accounts
receivables, prepaid and notes receivables available to meet the company's current obligations.
3: Inventory Turnover ratio:
The formula:
Inventory Turnover Ratio = Net Sales / Inventory
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It could also be calculated as:
Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory
The Interpretation:
This ratio is obtained by dividing the 'Total Sales' of a company by its 'Total Inventory'. The
ratio is regarded as a test of Efficiency and indicates the rapidity with which the company is able
to move its merchandise. Q-mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd is able to rotate its inventory in sales
3.59(Average) times in one year.
Profitability Ratios:
Profitability Ratios show how successful a company is in terms of generating returns or profits
on the Investment that it has made in the business. If a business is liquid and efficient it should
also be Profitable.
4: Return on Sales or Profit Margin (%):.
The formula:
Return on Sales or Profit Margin = (Net Profit / Net Sales) x 100
The Interpretation:
The Profit Margin of a company determines its ability to withstand competition and adverse
conditions like rising costs, falling prices or declining sales in the future. The ratio measures the
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percentage of profits earned per dollar of sales and thus is a measure of efficiency of the
company.
Q-Mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd is in loss from the date of its corporation, but the percentage of
losses in consistently going to decreases and it is the good point for the management of the Q-
mart and they hope so in near future they will get rid form the heavy losses, the percentage of
losses in 2006 to 2010 is given below in the shape of chart. You can see there is a consistently
decrease in the losses.
5: Gross Profit Ratio:
The Formula:
Following formula is used to calculate gross profit ratios:
[Gross Profit Ratio = (Gross profit / Net sales) × 100]
The Interpretation:
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Gross profit ratio (GP ratio) is the ratio of gross profit to net sales expressed as a percentage. It
expresses the relationship between gross profit and sales.
The basic components for the calculation of gross profit ratio are gross profit and net sales. Net
sales mean that sale minus sales returns. Gross profit would be the difference between net sales
and cost of goods sold. C ost of goods sold in the case of a trading concern would be equal to
opening stock plus purchases, minus closing stock plus all direct expenses relating to purchases.
In the case of manufacturing concern, it would be equal to the sum of the cost of raw materials,
wages, direct expenses and all manufacturing expenses. In other words, generally the expenses
charged to profit and loss account or operating expenses are excluded from the calculation of
cost of goods sold.
6: Operating Profit Ratio
The Formula:
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The Interpretation:
Operating margin or operating profit margin measures what proportion of a company's revenue is
left over, after deducting direct costs and overhead and before taxes and other indirect costs such
as interest. Operating margin is used to measure company's pricing strategy and operating
efficiency. It gives an idea of how much a company makes (before interest and taxes) on each
dollar of sales. Operating margin ratio shows whether the fixed costs are too high for the
production or sales volume. A high or increasing operating margin is preferred because if the
operating margin is increasing, the company is earning more per dollar of sales. Operating
margin can be used to compare a company with its competitors and with its past performance. It
is best to analyze the changes of operating margin over time and to compare company's figure to
those of its competitors. Operating margin shows the profitability of sales resulting from regular
business. Operating income results from ordinary business operations and excludes other revenue
or losses, extraordinary items, interest on long term liabilities and income taxes. The trend in the
Operating Profit ratios of the Q-mart Corporation since 2006 is given below.
7: Return on Assets:
The formula:
Return on Assets = (Net Profit / Total Assets) x 100
The Interpretation:
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The Return on Assets of a company determines its ability to utilize the Assets employed in the
company efficiently and effectively to earn a good return. The ratio measures the percentage of
profits earned per dollar of Asset and thus is a measure of efficiency of the company in
generating profits on its Assets. This is a useful indicator as to whether a business is using its
assets well and getting the most value out of capital expenditure. Companies using their assets
well will have a relatively high return, while those less well-run businesses will have a relatively
low return.
8: Return on Equity or Net Worth:
The formula:
Return on Equity or Net Worth = (Net Profit / Net Worth or Owners Equity) x 100
Net Worth or Owners Equity = Total Assets (minus) Total Liability
The Interpretation:
The Return on Equity of a company measures the ability of the management of the company to
generate adequate returns for the capital invested by the owners of a company. Generally a return
of 10% would be desirable to provide dividends to owners and have funds for future growth of
the company.
Widely used by investors, the ROE ratio is an important measure of a company's earnings
performance. The ROE tells common shareholders how effectively their money is being
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employed. Peer Company, industry and overall market comparisons are appropriate; however, it
should be recognized that there are variations in ROEs among some types of businesses. In
general, financial analysts consider return on equity ratios in the -0% to -25% range as
representing disappointing situation.
9: Debt ratio
The formula:
The Interpretation:
The debt ratio compares a company's total debt to its total assets, which is used to gain a general
idea as to the amount of leverage being used by a company. A low percentage means that the
company is less dependent on leverage, i.e., money borrowed from and/or owed to others. The
lower the percentage, the less leverage a company is using and the stronger its equity position. In
general, the higher the ratio, the more risk that company is considered to have taken on.
The easy-to-calculate debt ratio is helpful to investors looking for a quick take on a company's
leverage. The debt ratio gives users a quick measure of the amount of debt that the company has
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on its balance sheets compared to its assets. The more debt compared to assets a company has,
which is signaled by a high debt ratio, the more leveraged it is and the riskier it is considered to
be. Generally, large, well-established companies can push the liability component of their
balance sheet structure to higher percentages without getting into trouble
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Q-Mart Corporation (Private) Limited
Vertical Analysis of Income Statements
For the Last Five Years june-2006 to Dec 2010
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sales 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Less: Cost of Sales 67.94% 89.82% 84.76% 83.55% 85.33%
Gross Profit 32.06% 10.18% 15.24% 16.45% 14.67%
Less: Operating Expenses
Administration Expenses 65.78% 60.34% 57.71% 39.97% 30.08%
Selling & distribution
Expenses 34.78% 16.51% 16.28% 1.80% 0.92%
Bank Charges 0.34% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Loss on sale of land 1.91% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other operating Expenses
Operating Income /Loss -70.74% -66.99% -59.51% -26.45% -17.07%
Other income 8.30% 4.60% 2.44% 2.09% 1.43%
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Net Loss before tax -62.45% -62.40% -57.07% -24.35% -15.64%
Provision for I.T/ Income tax 0.50% 7.47% 4.41% 11.43% 0.51%
Net Loss After tax -62.95% -54.93% -52.65% -12.93% -16.15%
Q-Mart Corporation (Private) Limited
Vertical Analysis of Balance Sheets
For the Last Five Years june-2006 to Dec 2010
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Assets
Non-current Assets
Property, plant & equipment 91.85% 87.74% 78.27% 71.30% 69.82%
Intangible fixed assets 3.33% 2.49% 1.97% 0.00% 0.00%
Deferred tax assets 0.00% 2.16% 3.26% 9.65% 9.33%
security deposits 95.37% 92.63% 84.54% 81.91% 80.08%
Current Assets
Stock in Trade 1.63% 4.45% 9.68% 13.45% 14.90%
Advances, deposits and prepayments 1.85% 2.54% 3.66% 3.63%
Cash And Bank Balances 1.15% 0.38% 2.13% 0.77% 0.51%
Other receivables 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.24% 0.42%
Total Assets 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
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Equity & Liabilities
Issued, and paid up capital 94.74% 84.33% 93.09% 107.19% 125.78%
share deposit money 1.27% 20.30% 23.19% 8.41% 0.00%
Accumulated Loss -3.06% -17.61% -30.26% -35.53% -47.97%
Total Equity 92.95% 87.01% 86.01% 80.08% 77.81%
Deferred Liabilities
Provision for gratuity 0.00% 0.00% 0.49% 0.00% 0.00%
Current Liabilities
Trade and other Payables 7.05% 12.85% 13.24% 19.86% 21.76%
Provision for taxation 0.00% 0.14% 0.26% 0.05% 0.43%
Total Current Liabilities 7.05% 12.99% 13.99% 19.92% 22.19%
Total Equity & Liabilities 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
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Conclusions & Recommendations
As we discussed earlier the purpose of the Q-mart Corporation was to do retail business in all
over the Pakistan but unfortunately the Q-mart is in losses since its incorporation. The reasons
was that poor management of the earlier employees, even though they hair a talented employees
like charted accountant’s etc. but on that time they invested a huge capital expenditures without
forecasting the future of that capital expenditure and they targeted only to the rural areas. Now
the situation is different of the Q-Mart , now it is going toward the prosperity the percentage of
losses is decreasing consistently, they closed down the those stores from where they were getting
the losses , they also decreases the departmental expenses. And they hope so in next one to 2
years they will be in profit and they can accomplish their goals which was to do business in all
over the Pakistan and to The be the # 1 ‘Chain’ of Retail Stores in Pakistan.
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Q-mart Corporation (Pvt) Ltd can improve their business by concentrating and by improving the
following things.
Managing and motivating a team to increase sales and ensure efficiency;
Managing stock levels and making key decisions about stock control;
Analyzing sales figures and forecasting future sales volumes to maximize profits;
Analyzing and interpreting trends to facilitate planning;
Using information technology to record sales figures and for data analysis and forward
planning;
Dealing with staffing issues: interviewing potential staff; conducting appraisals and
performance reviews; and providing or organizing training and development;
Ensuring standards for quality, customer service and health and safety are met;
Resolving health and safety, legal and security issues;
Responding to customer complaints and comments;
Promoting the organization locally by advertisement in local newspaper and by distribution
the Q-Mart Brusher to the community.
Organizing special promotions, displays and events;
Touring the sales floor regularly, talking to colleagues and customers, and identifying or
resolving urgent issues;
Maintaining awareness of market trends in the retail industry, understanding forthcoming
customer initiatives, and monitoring what local competitors are doing;
Initiating changes to improve Q-Mart, e.g. revising opening hours to ensure the store can
compete effectively in the local market;
Dealing with sales issues.
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References
Www.Q-mart.Com
Www.google.com
Financial Statements of Q-Mart Corporations (Pvt) Ltd
Www.wikipidiya.com
www.economic surveyofpakistan.com
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Annexures
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