interpersonal communication. communication between two persons that involves the sending and...
TRANSCRIPT
Interpersonal Communication
Communication between two persons that involves the sending and receiving of messages with some effect and some opportunity for feedback that leads to the development of a variable relationship.
• Interpersonal communication is a special form of unmediated human communication that occurs when we interact simultaneously with another person and attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships.
Communication Principles
Be aware of yourcommunication
Appropriatelyadapt yourmessage to
others
Effectively use and
interpret verbalmessages
Listen and respond
thoughtfully to others
Effectively use and interpret
nonverbalmessages
•Contact--sense of perception of another person; decide whether you want to maintain a relationship with this person
•Involvement--acquaintance; commit to getting to know the other person and self-disclosing
•Intimacy--commit further to the relationship; reserved for very few people
•Deterioration--bonds begin to weaken between parties in a relationship; less time spent and more awkward exchanges
•Repair--attempts to save a relationship through interpersonal and intrapersonal care
•Dissolution--cutting the bonds that tie a relationship; separate life established apart from the other person
Interpersonal Communication
Six Stage Relationship Model
Models of Self-Disclosure
The Social Penetration Model
Chapter 7: Understanding Interpersonal Communication
Superficial
Early in a relationship
Intimate
VeryIntimate
As the relationship develops
VeryIntimate
Initiating Relationships• Interpersonal Attraction Defined
– degree to which you desire to form or maintain an IP relationship
TWO STAGES OF ATTRACTION
• Short-Term Initial Attraction– potential for development
• Long-Term Maintenance Attraction– sustains relationships
Chapter 7: Understanding Interpersonal Communication
Reasons for Relationship Development
•Lessening loneliness
•Securing stimulation
•Acquiring self-knowledge
•Maximizing pleasures/minimizing pains
•Attractiveness--whether or not you want to get to know the person; physical and personality considerations
•Proximity--physical distance influences the development of relationships
•Reinforcement--we like people who reward or reinforce us
•Similarity--we generally like people who are similar to us in nationality, race, physical characteristics, intelligence, and especially attitudes and preferences
•Complementarily--people are attracted to dissimilar others in certain situations
Interpersonal Attraction
Relationship Deterioration
Gradual or sudden
May be advantageous
Why do relationships deteriorate?
Reasons for establishing relationship have diminished
Third-party relationships
Relational changes
Undefined expectations
Work
Financial difficulties
Inequitable distribution of rewards and costs
Commitment--financial, temporal, emotional
Communication during deterioration
withdrawal
decline in self-disclosure
deception
evaluative responses
request behaviors
favor exchange
Conflict ManagementDuring interpersonal conflict, we are least likely to pause, analyze the situation, and evaluate the strategies that might prove most relevant.
Unproductive Conflict Management
•Avoidance-actual, physical flight
•Non-negotiation-refusal to discuss or listen to the other person
•Redefinition-recast the conflict so it becomes a totally different issue
•Force-attempting to coerce a decision or way of thinking through physical means
Unproductive Conflict Management
•Minimization-dealing with conflict by making light of it
•Blame-flight strategy that diverts focus from the issue
•Silencers-fighting techniques that silence the other (i.e. crying, yelling, hyperventilating
•Gunnysacking-storing up grievances and then unloading them on the person
•Manipulation-divert the conflict by being charming (disarming)
•Personal Rejection -withholding love and affection in an attempt to break the other person
Conflict Management
How do you manage conflict effectively?
Fight above the belt
Take responsibility for your thoughts and feelings
Be direct and specific
Use humor for relief, not ridicule